大学英语四级考试作文.ppt

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1、Back 图表作文A Sample Composition The Changes in Something1.What are the changes2.What are the causes3.What are the effects or trendsBack Writing Skills Writing SkillsUseful ExpressionsAssignments for WritingBar graph/chartBar graph/chartCurve graph/chartCurve graph/chartPie Pie graph/chartgraph/chartTa

2、bleTable2002.6nTopic:Student Use of ComputersnBase your composition on the chart and the outline given.n1下图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；n2请说明发生这些变化的原因（可以从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；n3你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。Average number of hours a student spends on computer per week Hours/weekYear 图表作文的基本写

3、作要求n充分利用图表中的信息，把握文字和说明，找出图表所要表达的主题找出图表所要表达的主题。n仔细分析图表提供的信息加以比较和归纳，选出具有代表意义的信息。避选出具有代表意义的信息。避免过多引用免过多引用。n通过对图表的分析，进行概括性的评概括性的评论（变化趋势和造成原因）的说明，论（变化趋势和造成原因）的说明，最后得出结论最后得出结论。写作技巧n分三段：引言段、正文段和结论段n引言段：引出话题、说明图表所反映的总体情况。n正文段：对具体数字进行分析比较，归纳出增减速度发展趋势和原因等。n结论段：对图表所反映的主题发表评论（个人看法、展望、预测等）惯用词汇1n表示“图表”Table,diagr

4、am,graph,chartn表示“显示”Show,demonstrate,indicaten表示“数据”Statistics,figures,(statistical)datan表示“比例”rate,ratio,percentage,proportionn表示“数量”figure，number，amountn表示“分别/各自”respectivelyn表示程度 Sharply,drastically,dramatically,approximately,slowly,n表示“上升/下降”:increase;rise;go up/decrease;fall;go down 表示“上升/下降到多

5、少”increase;rise;go up/decrease;fall;go down to 表示“上升/下降了多少”increase;rise;go up/decrease;fall;go down by 表示“从.上升/下降到”fromto 表示“呈上升/下降趋势”be on the rise/decline tend to go up/rise/increase tend to go down/fall/decrease惯用表达和句型2n表示“某时发生某事”(time)see/witnessn表示时间跨度 (over the period)from to /between and dur

6、ing the past years/decadesn表示“在数量/比例方面占”account for/make up惯用表达和句型3n表示“某时发生某事”(time)see/witnessn表示“如图表所示”According to the table/graph/chart,+从句 As(is)shown/indicated/illustrated in the table/graph/chart,+从句 As can be seen from the table/graph/chart,+从句 The table/graph/chart shows/indicates/illustrat

7、es that+从句惯用表达和句型4惯用表达和句型5nThe ratio of A to B is nThe number increased(decreased)bynFrom the table/graph,it is obvious/apparent that the number of XXXX has been on the decline/increase over the past few years.nThe last few years witnessed a drastic/dramatic increase/decrease in the number of hours

8、that college students spend on computers.nThe rapid increase growth/decline/change of XXXX can be attributed to various factors.惯用表达和句型6nTake a careful look at the table,and we will findnAs indicated by the results of a surveynFrom all the facts given above,we can conclude thatnAfter a careful analy

9、sis of the data,we can draw the following conclusion.nAs a result of careful observation and analysis,a tentative conclusion as follows can be reached.图表概述或描述中常用的句型图表概述或描述中常用的句型 n1.As is shown by the graph,（概述图表）in the table.正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid incre

10、ase in the population of the country in the past five years.n2.It can be seen from the table that （得出结论）shown graphconcluded figuresestimated statisticsA.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。B.From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese peo

11、ple increased(grew、rose)rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.n3.increase/rise from to （数量增减）decrease/decline/fall/drop from to A 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的

12、21000台。The number of color TV sets produced by the factory increased(rose,grew,climbed)from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。The number of participants grew up to 300000 persons=increased,reaching 300000 persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。The number of teaching staff members in this school ha

13、s decreased to 700 persons.n4.（be）three times as+形容词+as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of steel上升17%-rise by 17per cent 日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。The grain production(=output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.n5.a

14、mount to （数量总计）add up to/come to/sum up to全部费用合计200美元。All the expenses(costs)amount to(=add up to)$200.n6.Compared with ,与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products(=items)this year has increased to a great extent.7.rate,ratio,percent,percentage,proportio

15、n 表示比例n数词+percent+of+sth;2 percent of the apples nThe percentage of+sth+is+数词,The percentage of the students is 46.nThe unemployment rate is rising in that country.那个国家的失业率正在上升nThe ratio of students to teachers is 35:1 学生和老师的比率是三十五比一。The car was going at the rate of 60 miles an hour.汽车以每小时六十英里的速度行驶。

16、nThe proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government.进出口的比例令政府担忧。A large proportion of the country is desert.这个国家的大部分地方是沙漠。如图所示，从如图所示，从20032003年年到到20072007年年5 5年间，私家年间，私家车拥有者所占比例上升车拥有者所占比例上升了了55%/55%/呈上升趋势。呈上升趋势。As illustrated inAs illustrated in the the chart,the chart,the proportionpro

17、portion of of the owners of private the owners of private cars has cars has increased byincreased by 55%/is 55%/is on the rise on the rise duringduring the five years the five years from 2003 to 2007.from 2003 to 2007.在最近在最近5 5年中，年中，20072007年年私家车拥有者的所占比私家车拥有者的所占比例最大。例最大。(witnesswitness)The year of 2

18、007 The year of 2007 witnesseswitnesses the biggest the biggest proportion of the proportion of the owners of private cars owners of private cars in the recent five years.in the recent five years.20032003年和年和年和年和20072007年中国私家年中国私家年中国私家年中国私家车拥有者所占比例分别为车拥有者所占比例分别为车拥有者所占比例分别为车拥有者所占比例分别为10%10%和和和和65%65%

19、。(account account for,respectivelyfor,respectively )In 2003 and 2007,the In 2003 and 2007,the owners of private cars owners of private cars account foraccount for 10%and 10%and 65%65%respectivelyrespectively in in China.China.An Example:Student Use of Computer 1nStudents tend to use computers more a

20、nd more nowadays.Reading this chart,we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply.In 1990,it was less than 2 hours;and in 1995,it increased to almost 5 hours,and in 2000,the number soared to 20 hours.nObviously computers are becoming mor

21、e and more(increasingly)popular.There are several reasons for this(the popularity).First,(First of all,Above all)computers facilitate us in more aspects of life.Also,the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers.We can easily contact with friends in remote places thro

22、ugh the Internet.Besides,the prices of computers are getting lower and lower,which enables more students to purchase them.nHowever,there still exist some problems,such as poor quality,out-of-date designs and so on.And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious pro

23、blem.nAnyhow,we still benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.(And I am firm in my belief that in the future,young students will make more effective use of computers to benefit themselves.)The above chart shows that the students have easier access to computers.In 1990,college st

24、udents spent less than two hours in a week on computers.In 1995,the number doubled and came to nearly four,and then increased dramatically to almost 20 hours in 2000.An Example:Student Use of Computer 2nSeveral reasons account for the change.First of all,we are in the information age today.Computers

25、 are useful in editing and data processing;they make it easier for people to communicate with each other and they provide all sorts of information.In addition,if a student wants to get a promising job after graduation,he must be good at computers.This stimulates the students interest in computers an

26、d encourages them to have a good command of them.Last but not the least,the price is also an important factor.It costs much less to own a computer now.More and more students can afford them.n But some problems also arise.Some students spend much time playing computer games and they pay no attention

27、to their studies;some students would rather chat with others than explore information on the Internet.This will do harm to students.n In a word,computers become very popular among students now,and how to make full use of them has caused much discussion among people.返回Assignment:(at least 120 words)People below poverty linen1.本本图所示为1978年，1985年，1997年中国贫困线以下人口的变化情况，请描述其变化。n2.请说明发生这些变化的原因n3.你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或问题。