高级英语unit1何兆熊.ppt

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1、Unit1ChineseHumanism新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1 1电子教案电子教案3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesTextAppreciationFurtherEnhancement1.Humanismistheassertionofthegreatnessofman.T/F?2.TheearliesthumanistsduringtheperiodofWesternRenaissancehadin

2、terestonlyinclassicliterature.T/F?3.Humanistsdeclarethateveryonebebornequal.T/F?4.Religioushumanismcentersonhumanneeds,interests,andabilities.T/F?5.InChina,Confuciusisregardedasthehumanisticprimogenitor.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationTFFTFTakethequizbelowtoseehowwellyouknowabouthuman

3、ism.6.InclassicChinesehumanism,ethicalphilosophyisbasedonhumanvaluesratherthanthesupernatural.T/F?7.ThescientificinquirythatfollowedtheRenaissanceadoptedempiricalobservationsandexperimentationofthephysicaluniverse.T/F?8.ThemaintypesofhumanismintheworldareRenaissancehumanism,Religioushumanism,andIncl

4、usivehumanism.T/F?9.Humanistsareneverconcernedaboutthemeaningoflife.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationTTTF10.Themodernworld,withitsover-developmentofmachinery,hastakentimetoensurethatmanenjoyswhathemakes.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationFSection1:WarmUpDiscussthefollowingq

5、uestionswithyourpartner.1.Whatcomestoyourmindwhenyoucomeacrosstheterm“humanism”?2.Haveyoueverreadanyworksabouthumanism?3.Doeshumanismvaryfromcountrytocountry?Ifitdoes,arethereanyelementsintheconceptthatareuniversallyshared?Lead-inBackgroundInformationSection1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorLin Yutang:a Chinese

6、 writer,translator,and editor,born inLongxi(nowZhangzhou),FujianProvince,educatedinChinaandat Harvard,with Ph.D.fromUniversityofLeipzigin1923.LinspentmostofhislifeintheUnitedStates and wrote most of hisworksinEnglish.(1895-1976)BackgroundInformationLead-inSection1:WarmUp Hisnon-fictionalbooksinclude

7、My Country and My People(吾吾国国吾吾民民，1935),A Leaf in the Storm(风风声声鹤鹤唳唳，1941),The Importance of Living(生生活活的的艺艺术术，1937)，Between Tears and Laughter(啼啼笑笑 皆皆 非非 ，1943),andThe Pleasures of a Nonconformist(不不羁羁，1962).AmonghisnovelsareMoment in Peking(京京华华烟烟云云，1939),Chinatown Family(唐唐人人街街，1948)and The Fligh

8、t of the Innocents(逃逃往往自自由由城城，1965).Hetranslatedandedited The Chinese Theory of Art(中中国国画画论论，1968).BackgroundInformationLead-inThe text“Chinese Humanism”is taken from My Country and My People underChapterFourIdealsofLife which include,following Chinese Humanism,Religion,The Doctrine of the Golden Me

9、an,Taoism,andBuddhism.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationSection2:GlobalReadingDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthorspurpose.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaA.TomakeadistinctionbetweenChinesehumanismandWesternhumanism.B.To illustrate the development of humanism inChina.C.Toexplorethemeaning

10、oflife.D.ToexplainthegoalandphilosophyoflifeoftheChinesepeople.Section2:GlobalReadingPlease divide the text into 3 parts and summarize themainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragraph1)Introduction Paragraph 1 serves as a very brief and efficientbeginning,whichmakescleartheapproachasw

11、ellasthepurposeofthearticle.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIII(Paragraphs4-6)Answeringthequestion“WhatisChineseidealofthemeaningoflife?”In the last part of the thesis the author thoroughlycompares the two cultures that have led to the differentunderstanding of the meaning of lifein an objectiveandunb

12、iasedmanner.PartII(Paragraphs2-3)ComparisonbetweenWesternandChineseidealofthemeaningoflife Beginning with the exposure of the limitation of theWestern mentality about the true meaning of life,theauthorclaimsthat,perhaps,muchtothereaderssurprise,theanswerisanextremelysimpleone:theChinesepeoplebelieve

13、thatthemeaningoflifeliesintheenjoymentofit.Section2:GlobalReadingSection3:DetailedReading1TounderstandtheChineseidealoflifeonemusttrytounderstand Chinese humanism.The term“humanism”isambiguous.Chinese humanism,however,has a verydefinitemeaning.Itimplies,firstajustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secon

14、dly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthirdly,theattainmentoftheseendsbythespiritof human reasonableness or the Doctrine of the GoldenMean,whichmayalsobecalledtheReligionofCommonSense.ChineseHumanismQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading21 The question of the meaning of life has perplexedWestern philosopher

15、s,and it has never been solvednaturally,whenonestartsoutfromtheteleologicalpointofview,accordingtowhichallthings,includingmosquitoesand typhoid germs,are created for the good of thiscocksurehumanity.Asthereisusuallytoomuchpainandmiseryinthislifetoallowaperfectanswertosatisfymanspride,teleologyisther

16、eforecarriedovertothenextlife,andthisearthlylifeisthenlookeduponasapreparationQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingfor the life hereafter,in conformity with the logic ofSocrates,whichlookeduponaferociouswifeasanaturalprovisionforthetrainingofthehusbandscharacter.Thiswayofdodgingthehornsofthedilemmasometi

17、mesgivespeaceofmindforamoment,butthentheeternalquestion,“Whatisthemeaningoflife?”comesback.2Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehorns,andrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,Section3:DetailedReadinginsteadofatriptothemarket,buts

18、tillthequestioncomesbacketernally,liketheseawaveslappingupontheshore:“Whatisthemeaningoflife?”3TheChinesehumanistsbelievetheyhavefoundthetrueendoflifeandareconsciousofit.FortheChinesetheendoflifeliesnotinlifeafterdeath,fortheideathatweliveinordertodie,astaughtbyChristianity,isincomprehensible;nor in

19、 Nirvana,for that is too metaphysical;nor in thesatisfactionofaccomplishment,forthatistoovainglorious;yetinprogressforprogresssake,forthatismeaningless.Section3:DetailedReadingThetrueend,theChinesehavedecidedinasingularlyclearmanner,liesintheenjoymentofasimplelife,especiallythefamilylife,andinharmon

20、ioussocialrelationships.Thefirstpoemthatachildlearnsinschoolruns:While soft clouds by warm breezes are wafted in the morn,Lured by flowers,past the river I roam on and on.Theyll say,“Look at that old man on a spree!”And know not that my spirits on happiness borne.QUESTIONSection3:DetailedReading4Tha

21、trepresentstotheChinese,notjustapleasantpoeticmoodbutthesummum bonum oflife.4TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.Itisanidealoflifethatisneitherparticularlyambitiousnormetaphysical,but nevertheless immensely real.It is,I must say,abrilliantlysimpleideal,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythe

22、matter-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowtheWestcouldhavefailedtoseethat the meaning of life lies in the sane and healthyenjoymentofit.ThedifferencebetweenChinaandtheWestSection3:DetailedReadingseemstobethattheWesternershaveagreatercapacityforgettingandmakingmorethingsan

23、dalesserabilitytoenjoythem,whiletheChinesehaveagreaterdeterminationandcapacitytoenjoythefewthingstheyhave.Thistrait,ourconcentrationonearthlyhappiness,isasmucharesultasacauseoftheabsenceofreligion.Forifonecannotbelieveinthelifehereafterastheconsummationofthepresentlife,oneisforcedtomakethemostofthis

24、lifebeforethefarceisover.The absence of religion makes this concentrationpossible.Section3:DetailedReading5 From this a humanism has developed which franklyproclaimsaman-centereduniverse,andlaysdowntherulethattheendofallknowledgeistoservehumanhappiness.Thehumanizingofknowledgeisnotaneasything,forthe

25、momentmanswerves,heiscarriedawaybyhislogicandbecomesatoolofhisownknowledge.Onlybyasharpandsteadfastholdingtothetrueendofhumanlifeasoneseesitcan humanism maintain itself.Humanism occupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.QUESTIONSection3:

26、DetailedReading5BuddhismmayhavecapturedpopularfancyinChina,butagainstitsinfluencethetrueConfucianistwasalwaysinwardly resentful,for it was,in the eyes of humanism,onlyanescapefromlife,oranegationofthetrulyhumanlife.6 On the other hand,the modern world,with its over-development of machinery,has not t

27、aken time to ensurethatmanenjoyswhathemakes.TheglorificationoftheplumberinAmericahasmademanforgetthatonecanliveaveryhappylifewithouthotandcoldrunningwater,andSection3:DetailedReadingthat in France and Germany many men have lived tocomfortableoldageandmadeimportantscientificdiscoveriesand written mas

28、terpieces with their water jug and old-fashioned basin.There needs to be a religion which willtranscribe Jesus famous dictum about the Sabbath andconstantlypreachthatthemachineismadeformanandnotmanmadeformachine.6Forafterall,thesumofallhumanwisdomandtheproblemofallhumanknowledgeishowmanshallremainam

29、anandhowheshallbestenjoyhislife.ACTIVITYQUESTIONSection3:DetailedReadingHow does the author define Chinese humanism?(Paragraph1)The authors definition of Chinese humanism isthreefold:first,itmeanstheendsoflife;second,itimpliesadevotiontotheends;third,itpresupposesthe attainment of the ends by means

30、of a Chinesespiritorphilosophyofhumanreasonableness.Section3:DetailedReadingWhy,according to the author,have Western philosophersfailedtomakeclearthemeaningoflife?(Paragraph2)Western philosophers,from Socrates in ancientGreecetoNietzscheinmoderndays,havefailedtoprovide an answer to the question“What

31、 is themeaningoflife?”Theircommonproblemisthattheyhaveplacedtoomuchemphasison“thenextlife”andundulyneglectedsatisfactionin“thislife”.Section3:DetailedReadingWhatdoesthepoemthattheauthorquotesmean?HowdoesitillustratetheChineseidealoflife?(Paragraphs3and4)Thepoemoffers,accordingtotheauthor,notjustaple

32、asantpoeticmoodbutthesummum bonum(至至善善)oflife.Itdepictsascenarioofpeacefulandleisurelylife characterized by a spree and happiness.Thatrepresents the Chinese ideal of life:simple buthealthilyenjoyable.Section3:DetailedReadingHow well does Chinese humanism help the Chinese peopleenjoytheirlife?(Paragr

33、aph5)Chinesehumanismproclaimsaman-centereduniverse and lays down the rule that the end ofknowledge is to serve human happiness.It,inparticular,takes a central position between twoextremesthatmayimpedetheenjoymentoflife:theother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.Section3:Detailed

34、ReadingHowdoWesternreligionsandthemodernworldfailtheidealsoflife?(Paragraphs5and6)Religions,including Buddhism,offer only escapefromlifeorevennegatelifebyappealingtolifeafterdeathintheotherworld,whereasthemodernworldispreoccupiedwithmaterialdevelopmentbuthasnotgotroundtolearninghowthehappinessthatma

35、terialprogresshasbroughtcouldbeenjoyed.Section3:DetailedReadingClassDiscussions1)Describethenatureofhumanisminyourownwords.2)Isthewritersdefinitionofhumanismthesamewithyours?Ifnot,whatisthedifference?3)Discusswithyourclassmatestheculturalandnationaldifferencesinthedefinitionofhumanism.Section3:Detai

36、ledReadinghumanism:n.abeliefsystembasedontheprinciplethatpeoples spiritual and emotional needs can be fulfilledwithoutfollowingagodorreligionPractice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Her book captures the quintessence of Renaissancehumanism.（=她的她的书书抓住了文抓住了文艺艺复复兴时兴时期人文主期人文主义义的精髓。）的精髓。）Section

37、3:DetailedReadingambiguous:a.havingorexpressingmorethanonepossiblemeaning,sometimesintentionallye.g.Hisreplytomyquestionwassomewhatambiguous.Thewordingoftheagreementisambiguous.Thegovernmenthasbeenambiguousonthisissue.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Hehasgivenusanambiguousanswer.（=

38、他他给给了我了我们们一个模棱两可的答复。）一个模棱两可的答复。）Transformation:ambiguouslyad.ambiguityn.Section3:DetailedReadingend:n.thereasonforaparticularactionortheresultyouwanttoachievee.g.Hecouldhaveachievedhisendsbypeacefulmeans.Collocation:forpolitical/commercialendse.g.foronesendse.g.The government manipulates economic da

39、ta forpoliticalends.Sheusedpeopleforherownends.Section3:DetailedReadingthe Doctrine of the Golden Mean:The Doctrine of the Golden Mean(中中庸庸)isoneoftheFour Books(四四书书),part of the Confucian canonical scriptures.Thephilosophybythisname,literallymeaningthe“felicitousmiddlebetweentwoextremes,oneofexcess

40、andtheotherof deficiency,”emphasizes equilibrium and harmony,orrationalityasameanstoperfectioninvirtue.Section3:DetailedReadingSection3:DetailedReadingperplex:v.puzzle,bewildere.g.Suchaquestionwouldperplexeventhemostknowledgeableman,andtoyoungArthur,itseemedanimpossiblequery.Practice:Translatethefol

41、lowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Thequestionperplexedme.（=那那问题问题把我把我难难住了。）住了。）2)Facedwiththatdilemma,hewasperplexed.（=他面他面对进对进退两退两难难的局面，不知如何是好。）的局面，不知如何是好。）3)Wewereperplexedbyhisfailuretoanswertheletter.（=他何以不回信，我他何以不回信，我们们大惑不解。）大惑不解。）Section3:DetailedReadingSynonym:confuse,complicate,puzzleSection3:Det

42、ailedReadingteleological:a.(in philosophy)believing that everythinghasaspecialpurposeoruseTransformation:teleologyn.Section3:DetailedReadingtyphoid:n.aseriousinfectiousdiseasethatcausesfever,redspotsonthechestandseverepaininthebowels,andsometimescausesdeath伤寒伤寒Practice:Translatethefollowingsentences

43、intoChinese.1)Typhoidisanexampleofanotifiabledisease.（=伤伤寒是必寒是必须报须报告告卫卫生局的病例。）生局的病例。）2)Itisoneoftheirproudestboaststhattheyhavehalvedthedeathratefromtyphoid.（）=他他们们使使伤伤寒病人的死亡率降低了一半，寒病人的死亡率降低了一半，这这是他是他们们最感最感骄骄傲的事之一。傲的事之一。Section3:DetailedReadingcocksure:a.too confident,in a way that is slightlyunplea

44、santorrudee.g.acocksureyoungmanPractice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Heistoobloodycocksureabouteverything.（=他他对对于每一件事都于每一件事都过过于自信。）于自信。）2)Dontbesococksurethathewillsucceed.（=不要那么确信他会成功。）不要那么确信他会成功。）Section3:DetailedReadingconformity:n.If something happensin conformity withsomethingsuc

45、hasalaworsomeoneswishes,ithappensasthelawsaysitshould,orasthepersonwantsitto.e.g.Theprimeministeris,inconformitywiththeconstitution,chosenbythepresident.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Iwenttotheplaceinconformitywithyourinstructions.（=依照你的指示我去了那个地方。）依照你的指示我去了那个地方。）Section3:Detailed

46、ReadingTransformation:conform:v.tobehaveaccordingtotheusualstandardsofbehaviourwhichareexpectedbyagrouporsocietye.g.Atourschool,youwererequiredtoconform,andtherewasnoplacefororiginality.Section3:DetailedReadingSocrates:the ancient Greekthinker who laid the earlyfoundationsforWesternphilosophical tho

47、ught.His“Socratic Method”involvedaskingprobingquestionsinagive-and-take which wouldeventuallyleadtothetruth.Section3:DetailedReadingferocious:a.fierceandviolente.g.aferociousdogaferociousbattleShesgotaferocious=verybadtemper.Thepresidentcameinforsomeferociouscriticism.Practice:Translatethefollowings

48、entencesintoChinese.1)Theferociouswindsseemedabouttoteartheshiptopieces.（=猛烈的狂猛烈的狂风风仿佛要把船撕成碎片似的。）仿佛要把船撕成碎片似的。）2)Aferociousgrinlithisface.（=他他脸脸上流露出一上流露出一丝狞丝狞笑。笑。）Section3:DetailedReadingTransformation:ferociouslyad.ferocityn.Synonym:bloodthirsty,brutal,cruel,fierce,ruthless,savage,vicious,wildSectio

49、n3:DetailedReadingdodge:v.toavoidbeinghitbysomethingbymovingquicklytooneside;toavoidsomethingunpleasante.g.Hedodgedtoavoidthehurtlingbicycle.Theministerdodgedquestionsabouthisrelationshipwiththeactress.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Shewassharp-wittedenoughtododgeherattacker.（=

50、她才思敏捷，足以避开她才思敏捷，足以避开别别人的攻人的攻击击。）。）2)Hedodgedpastme.（=他他躲躲闪闪躲躲闪闪地从我旁地从我旁边边走走过过。）。）3)Hedodgedthefallingrockandescapedunhurt.（=他他闪闪身身躲过躲过了了滚滚落的岩石，安然脱落的岩石，安然脱险险了。）了。）Section3:DetailedReadingNietzsche:German philosopher who reasoned thatChristianitysemphasisontheafterlifemakesitsbelieverslessabletocopewi