高考大纲对写作的要求.ppt

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1、高考大纲对写作的要求 要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）准确使用语法和词汇；（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。评分标准分为5档（略）1，要点要全。2，一定的词汇，句型（数量）3，准确 4，上下文的连贯。5，拼写和标点，书写较差，影响交际先降个档次。Writingsteps:1.审题：体裁，人称，时态，划出要点。2.译要点：长句变短句，按英文的表达断句,并添加所缺部分按英文句子语法顺序翻译，破解难句，适当使用复合句，正确使用英文主动句子与被动句子。3.连要点：使用连词，表顺序和逻辑的短语连句成篇。4.检查修改：（标点符号，大小写，单词拼写，语句是否通顺，是否遗漏

2、要点。）5.抄写：字迹工整的抄写在试卷上。英汉互译英汉互译1咱俩谁跟谁阿 we two who and who？2 how are you?how old are you?怎么是你，怎么老是你？3你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！you have seed I will give you some color to see see,brothers！together up！4 You Give Me Stop!你给我站住！5one car come one car go,two car pengpeng,people die车祸现场描述6heart flower angry open

3、心花怒放7I call Li old big.toyear 25.我叫李老大，今年25。9.If you want money,I have no;if you want life,I have one!要钱没有，要命一条 我是个中学生我是个中学生,对电脑特别感兴趣对电脑特别感兴趣,一放学回家就一放学回家就开电脑，有时玩游戏，有时上网和朋友聊天，有时给朋开电脑，有时玩游戏，有时上网和朋友聊天，有时给朋友发电子邮件。尽管我喜欢玩电脑，但我父母阻止我这友发电子邮件。尽管我喜欢玩电脑，但我父母阻止我这样做，他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。于是我在晚上样做，他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。于是我在晚上做完

4、作业后才玩一会儿电脑。做完作业后才玩一会儿电脑。1.1.我是个中学生我是个中学生。2.2.我我对电脑特别感兴趣对电脑特别感兴趣。3.3.我我一放学回家一放学回家我我就开电脑。就开电脑。4.4.我我有时玩游戏有时玩游戏,有时上网和朋友聊天有时上网和朋友聊天,有时有时给朋友发电子邮件。给朋友发电子邮件。5.5.尽管我喜欢电脑，尽管我喜欢电脑，但我父母阻止我这样做。但我父母阻止我这样做。6.6.他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。7 7.于是于是我我在在晚上做完作业晚上做完作业后后才玩一会儿电脑。才玩一会儿电脑。One possible version:Im a middle

5、 school student,and I am interested in the computer.I turn on the computer as soon as I get home every day.Sometimes I play computer games,talk with my friends on the Internet or send e-mails to them.Though I like it very much,my parents stop me from doing that.They think I spend too much time on th

6、e computer.So I only play it for a short time after I finish my homework in the evening.练习一、练习一、（一）简单句翻译（一）简单句翻译1我们在学习怎样用电脑。我们在学习怎样用电脑。Were learning how to use the computer.2他和他的朋友经常查字典。他和他的朋友经常查字典。He and his friend always look up in the dictionary.3请给我一杯水请给我一杯水,好吗？好吗？Please give me a cup of water,w

7、ill you?4老师让我回答了这个问题。老师让我回答了这个问题。The teacher asked me to answer the question.5我们的国家变得越来越强大。我们的国家变得越来越强大。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.6你的到来使我很高兴。你的到来使我很高兴。Your arrival makes me very happy.7村庄里有许多绿树和湖泊。村庄里有许多绿树和湖泊。There are many green trees and lakes in the village.8我们不应该歧视弱者。我们不应该歧视弱者

8、。We should not look down upon the weak.(二二)并列句翻译并列句翻译1.我我 喜喜 欢欢 读读 书书，他他 喜喜 欢欢 玩玩 玩玩 具具。（while）I like reading while he likes playing with toys.2.孩孩子子们们非非常常高高兴兴，或或者者至至少少看看起起来来很很高兴。（高兴。（or）The children are very happy or at least they look happy.3.中中国国是是发发展展中中国国家家，而而美美国国是是发发达达国国家。（家。（but/while）China is

9、 a developing country,while the United States is a developed one.4.这里常下雨，有时有暴风雨。这里常下雨，有时有暴风雨。(and）It often rains here,and storms sometimes.5他他不不但但受受到到我我们们的的鼓鼓励励而而且且受受到到老老师的表扬。（师的表扬。（notonlybutalso）He was not only encouraged by us but also praised by the teacher.6我我们们周周围围的的东东西西不不是是固固体体、液液体体就就是气体。是气体。

10、(eitheror)Everything around us is either solid,liquid or gas.7一个人既应该有勇气也应有毅力。一个人既应该有勇气也应有毅力。（bothand)A man should have both courage and perseverance.8.新新中中国国的的妇妇女女在在政政治治生生活活和和家家庭庭生生活活方面享有和男子同等权利。方面享有和男子同等权利。(aswellas）In new China women enjoy equal rights with men in political life as well as in fami

11、ly life.9.我喝咖啡要加奶加糖。我喝咖啡要加奶加糖。When I drink coffee,I prefer to add sugar as well as milk.(三三)复合句翻译复合句翻译1我相信你一定能成功。我相信你一定能成功。Im sure youll succeed.2北京再也不是北京再也不是20年前的样子了。年前的样子了。Beijing is no longer what was 20 years ago.3这个城市是我出生的地方。这个城市是我出生的地方。This is the city where I was born./The city is the one whi

12、ch I was born in.4他和以前不一样了。他和以前不一样了。He is not what he used to be.5为了明天赶上早班车，我要早起。为了明天赶上早班车，我要早起。I have to get up earlier so that I can catch up the early bus.6.虽然他年轻，但是经验很丰富。虽然他年轻，但是经验很丰富。Although he is young,he is very experienced./He is young but he is very experienced.7如果有困难，请来找我。如果有困难，请来找我。Pleas

13、e turn to me if you are in trouble.8.老师所讲的都记在笔记本上了。老师所讲的都记在笔记本上了。What the teacher said was all taken down on the notebook.9众所周知，中国是人口大国。众所周知，中国是人口大国。It is well-known that China is a country with a large population.10据据报报道道，他他是是来来自自新新西西兰兰的的一一位位学者。学者。It is reported that he is a scholar from New Zealan

14、d.11他他与与我我们们到到别别时时留留下下了了他他的的姓姓名名和地址。和地址。He left his name and address when he said good-bye to me.12李秘书被解雇是因为他受贿。李秘书被解雇是因为他受贿。Secretary Li was dismissed because he took bribe.13盗贼没等警察抓捕，就逃逸了。盗贼没等警察抓捕，就逃逸了。The robbers had escaped before the police arrived.14他读过信后就把信毁掉。他读过信后就把信毁掉。He destroyed the lette

15、r after he read it.15自开店以来，我们赢获大利。自开店以来，我们赢获大利。We have made large profits since we opened this shop.16如如果果我我知知道道它它在在哪哪，它它就就不不会会丢了，是不是？丢了，是不是？If I knew where it was,it wont be lost,would it?17一一直直向向前前走走直直到到一一所所新新的的蓝蓝色色大楼。大楼。Go straight on until you come to a new blue building.18他不照别人告诉他的去做。他不照别人告诉他的去

16、做。He wont do as hes told.19按按照照她她的的要要求求，她她被被埋埋葬葬在在花花园里。园里。She was buried at the garden,as she had requested.20我们一到达那里就给你打电话。我们一到达那里就给你打电话。Well ring you as soon as we get there.练习四、汉译英练习练习四、汉译英练习（一）（一）1。月亮晚间照耀。月亮晚间照耀。The moon shines by night.2。几乎每天都会发生车祸。几乎每天都会发生车祸。Cars accidents occur nearly every d

17、ay.3。昨日上午他在家里。昨日上午他在家里。He stayed at home yesterday morning.4.他们第一次见面是在这个邮局。他们第一次见面是在这个邮局。They met the first time at the post office.It was at the post office that they met the first time.5.这个会议是在两个小时之前就开始了这个会议是在两个小时之前就开始了吗？吗？Did the meeting begin two hours ago?6.Linda failed in the examination again

18、 this time.琳达琳达这次考试不及格。这次考试不及格。7.The music club meets once a month.这个音乐俱乐部每月活动一次。这个音乐俱乐部每月活动一次。8.Mr Li and his wife both teach in the primary school.李先生和夫人都在这所小学教书。李先生和夫人都在这所小学教书。9.Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和父母住在一起。玛丽和父母住在一起。10.My son drives very well.我我儿子驾车技术很好。儿子驾车技术很好。（二）主语二）主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语1.这本书

19、有许多图片。这本书有许多图片。This book contains many pictures.2.我替老人提包。我替老人提包。I carried the bag for the old man.3.我们厂制作木桌。我们厂制作木桌。We made wooden tables in our factory.4.上月我卖了我们的汽车。上月我卖了我们的汽车。I sold our car last month.5.他带给我一个文件。他带给我一个文件。He brought me a file.6.他们接受了邀请。他们接受了邀请。They accepted the invitation.7.我自己能照料这

20、个商店。我自己能照料这个商店。I can manage the shopping myself.8.我的父亲给了我一些忠告。我的父亲给了我一些忠告。My father gave me some advice.（三）主语三）主语+谓语谓语+todo+1。布朗一家计划搬家。布朗一家计划搬家。The Browns planned to move house.2。他们继续支持我们。他们继续支持我们。They continued to support us.3。他帮助这位老太太过马路。他帮助这位老太太过马路。He helped the old woman to cross the road.4。你应该拒

21、绝做这件事。你应该拒绝做这件事。You should refuse to do it.5。我有个约会去见一个朋友。我有个约会去见一个朋友。I have an appointment to see a friend.6.Tell himnottobelateagain.告诉他不要再迟到了。告诉他不要再迟到了。7.Hedecides togoabroad.他决定出国。他决定出国。8.Shestopped tohavealook.她停下来看看。她停下来看看。9.Ihavemade up my mind towriteabook.我下决心要写一本书。我下决心要写一本书。10.Perhapsyouwil

22、lhave a little trouble todealwiththeproblem.处理这个问题你也许会遇到一点麻烦。处理这个问题你也许会遇到一点麻烦。11.Youshouldoffer togoandhelpher.你该主动去帮她。你该主动去帮她。12.IsuggestDaviddrivemorecarefully.我建议大卫开车小心些。我建议大卫开车小心些。13.Idprefer togocamping.我愿意去野营。我愿意去野营。14.Peterasked menottodineoutwiththemtonight.皮特让我今晚不要和他们出去吃饭。皮特让我今晚不要和他们出去吃饭。15

23、.Theymade an attempt toclimbthemountain.他们企图登山。他们企图登山。16.Hehasnotthecouragetotryagain.他没有勇气再试一把。他没有勇气再试一把。17.Ihavenotimetospare.我抽不出时间来。我抽不出时间来。18.Ihavegivenhimpermissiontousemycar.我我已经答应他用我的车子。已经答应他用我的车子。19.Shehasnotenoughmoneytopaythebills.她没有足够的钱付帐。她没有足够的钱付帐。20.Peterhasmadeapromisetowriteabookfor

24、children.皮特承诺要给孩子们写本书。皮特承诺要给孩子们写本书。（四）注意副词位置（四）注意副词位置1.方式，方式，(如：如：badly（严重地，非常），（严重地，非常），slowiy（慢慢地），（慢慢地），politely（有礼貌地），（有礼貌地），proudly（骄傲地），（骄傲地），carelessly（粗心地），（粗心地），properly（适当地，完全地），（适当地，完全地），successfully（成（成功地），功地），happily（高兴地），（高兴地），angrily（生气地，（生气地，愤怒地）等。愤怒地）等。)地点，时间副词在句后。地点，时间副词在句后。Theywen

25、tboatinginZhongshanparkyesterday.MysonisstudyEnglishcarefully.2.频度副词频度副词(always,seldom,often,never,usually,rarely)行前助后行前助后.Heisalwaystellinglies,soIwillneverbelievehim.4.程度副词修饰动词也是程度副词修饰动词也是行前助行前助后；修饰形容词和副词一般在前，后；修饰形容词和副词一般在前，enough除外。除外。Shequitelikesmaths.Shelikesmathsverymuch.Heisveryyong,soheisno

26、toldenoughtogotoschool.连贯与句式的运用连贯与句式的运用连贯连贯(coherence)指文章语意的通顺和语言形式的紧密衔接并符合一定的逻辑关系。要使文章前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法：提示1：恰当使用关联词 如when，so，if，because，so that等。提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语 如First,Second,Third,Soon,Whats more,As a result等。提示3：适当使用过渡性语句 The reasons are as follows.Every coin has two sides.On the other hand,On th

27、e contrary,连接词、句型的选择连接词、句型的选择1、递进关系递进关系（肯定）（肯定）（否定）（否定）2、时间时间一一就就不久不久然后然后同时同时Besides/Whatsmore/Also/Inaddition/FurthermoreWhatsworse/Evenworse/Worsestill/TomakemattersworseThemoment/Ondoing/assoonas/immediately/directlyItwasnotlongbefore/Afterawhile/SoonAfterthat/Then/So/NextAtthesametime/Meanwhile3

28、、转折转折4、顺序顺序5、条件条件6、强调、强调however,/but/onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand/yetFirst/Second/Third/Last/Next/ThenIf/Aslongas/Solongas/onconditionthatItwasthat/who/Soshedid./Idohope/Shedidhelpme./Itreallyworked.7、其它其它不得不做某事不得不做某事havetodosth./havenochoicebuttodosth./havenothingtodobutdosth.有必要做某事有必要做某事Thereisnon

29、eed(forsb.)todosth./Itisnecessary(forsb.)todo最好做某事最好做某事Youdbetterdosth.Itsbettertodosth.做某事没困难做某事没困难havenodifficultyindoingsth./havenotroubleindoingsth.感谢某人感谢某人thanksb./bethankfultosb./expressonesthankstosb./begratefultosb./Thanksto求助某人求助某人turntosb.forhelp/asksb.forhelp/withthehelpof/withoneshelp惊奇惊

30、奇Toonessurprise/Insurprise/Surprisingly/only+不定式（表意外结果）不定式（表意外结果）原因如下（很多）原因如下（很多）Thereasonsareasfollows.Therearemanyreasonsforit.浪费金钱（时间）浪费金钱（时间）Itsawasteofmoney/time结果结果Asaresult/Therefore/Thus/So总结总结Inaword/Inshort/Aboveall/Afterall表达观点表达观点Inmyopinion/Ithink/Ibelieve/Imsure/IguessTask 1 请在下列句子中（间）

31、填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。1.XiaoMingwaswalkinginthestreetheheardsomeonecryforhelp.2.HeadvisedthatIhireacarIcouldtravelaroundinthewest.3.Itwasnotlongthepolicecame.4.heheardthecryforhelp,hejumpedintothewatertosavethegirl.5.Doyouagreewithmyarrangement?,dowritetomesoon.6.Wecangodowntownanddosomeshopping.,7.weca

32、npayavisittosomeplacesofinterest.7.Isharedthecostofthegaswithmyfriends.,Isaved$80.8.Eatingsugarisbadforourteeth.,9.itmaymakeusfat.Whatsmore/Besides/Also/Furthermore/Inaddition whensothat/inorderthatbeforeAssoonas/Immediately/Directly/ThemomentIfnotAsaresult/ThereforeWhatsworse/Evenworse/Tomakematter

33、sworse句式的运用句式的运用：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。基本句型：基本句型：1、感叹句感叹句e.g.1)HowhappyIwaswhenIreceivedyourletter.2）Whatakindboyheis!3）Howdisappointedhewas!2、强调句强调句e.g.Itwasthisyoungboythathelpedtheoldgranny.3、倒装句倒装句e.g.1)Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.2)There comesthepolicecar.3)

34、Hardlyhadtheygottothestationwhen theymettheyoungman.句式的运用句式的运用：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。基本句型：基本句型：4、省略句省略句e.g.Theyreadwhilewalkingorridingonabus.5、with短语短语e.g.Isawayoungladywalkingslowlyinthestreetwithahandbaginherhand.6、定语从句定语从句e.g.Inmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewhere

35、wecanfindmuchusefulinformation.7、各种名词性从句各种名词性从句e.g.ThatswhatIshoulddo.8、各种状语从句各种状语从句e.g.Timepassedquicklybeforeweknewit.Practice 一句多译一句多译 这本书花了我这本书花了我300300元。元。I spent 300 yuan on the book.I paid 300 yuan for the book.The price of the book is 300 yuan.It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.The book cos

36、t me 300 yuan.Practice 一句多译一句多译昨天下午他才来。昨天下午他才来。Hecamehereyesterdayafternoon.Hedidntcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.Itwasyesterdayafternoonthathearrivedhere.Itwasnotuntilyesterdayafternoonthathecamehere.Notuntilyesterdayafternoondidhecomehere.Task2按要求改写下列句子按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。使其更具文采。1.Tomsavedthedrownin

37、ggirl.(强调强调)2.IhopeIcanpayavisittoyounextyear.（强调）（强调）3.Tomwaspuzzled.（感叹）（感叹）4.Itisgreatfuntoclimbthehill.（感叹）（感叹）5.TomandMarylikesingingsongs.（肯定倒装）（肯定倒装）6.Johnlikestostudyandplay.（否定倒装）（否定倒装）7.Soonthefirefighterscame.（表时间句型）（表时间句型）It was Tom that/who saved the drowning girl.I do hope I can pay a

38、visit to you next year.How puzzled Tom was!What great fun it is to climb the hill!Tom likes singing songs,so does Mary.Not only does John like to study,but(also)he likes to play.It was not long before the firefighters came.Task3WritingPractice请你给中国日报写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。原因：1、家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家

39、赚钱养家。2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。3、部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。看法：1、每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。要求：1、不要逐字逐句翻译。2、语句要连贯通顺。3、字数100个左右。Now in the country areas,there are many children out of school.Most families are poor and cant afford their education.They have to stay at home and make money.Some

40、parents think daughters neednt go to school.They dont let them go to school.Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to go to school.All the children including girls should be educated.The whole society should pay attention to it.Theyll play an important part in the future

41、of our country.诊断：优点缺点药方1、词能达意；2、语句表达基本正确。语句不够连贯1、使用常见句型；2、每两个句子之间使用关联词或过渡词。Now in the country areas,there are many children out of school.。，most families are too poor to send their children to school.,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money.,some parents think there is no need for th

42、eir daughters to go to school.,they dont let them go to school.,some children are not interested in their studies.,some wouldnt like to go to school.,all the children including girls should be educated.,the whole society should pay attention to it theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.ThereasonsareasfollowsTherearemanyreasonsforthis.FirstAsaresultSecondSo/ThereforeThirdWhatsworse/WorsestillEvenworse/TomakemattersworseInmyopinionWhatsmore/BesidesbecauseTask 4 Writing by yourselves 下列图画描述的是两位少先队员上星期日去少年宫的途中经历的事情.请据此写一篇短文,参加由英语组组织的英语作文竞赛。