专四语法之比较结构.ppt

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1、比较结构一 比较结构(comparative Construction)英语中比较结构最主要有三种：1.asas结构2.morethan结构3.themost结构1.asas结构基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）+as否定形式：1)notas/so+adj/adv(原级）+as2)也可用lessthane.gJohnisasbrightasBob.(否定）JohnisnotasbrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.用法：1.主语不同，比较项目相同。2.Thisparcelisasheavyasthatone.3.2.主语相同，比较项目不同。4.Thegir

2、lwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。3.主语和比较项目都不同。Theswimmingpoolisnttwice as wide as that one is long.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as.)另一种模式：asmuch/many+n+as否定形式：notas/somuch/many+n+as1)Hetookasmuchbutterasheneed.Hedidnttakeas/somuchbutterasheneeded.2)Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).Shehasntwri

3、ttenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+as(注意下列句子的语序）1.Georgeisas efficient a worker asJack.(名词的意义受到强调）orGeorgeisaworker(whois)asefficientasJack.(形容词的意义受到强调）2.Idontwantasexpensiveacarasthis.2.morethan结构1)用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。Theconcertwasmoreenjoyablethanlecture.2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。T

4、hepresentcrisisismuchmoreapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于lessthan结构，但得出相反的含义。Thepresentcrisisismuchlessapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。3.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelse上述词是用来将比较级结构转

5、变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。补充说明1notsoas¬somuchasLondonisntsobigasTokyo.伦敦没有东京大。ItwasntsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）前一例相当于一般的比较结构，后一例相当于lessthan 的含义。not so much as是一个专四常考结构。真题举例：1.Itisnotsomuchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand

6、.(99,45)(07.57)【注：同一个句子专四考了两次，这说明了反复看往年题的重要性】2.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchasbyhislackoftalent.(04,41)2.notmore/-erthan与nomore/-erthanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.(否定前者，肯定后者)Johnis nobetterthanTom.(对前后者都否定）真题举例：Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisp

7、robablynotmoreathreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07.62)3.nomorethan(=notanymorethan)两者一样都不Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。Fatcannotchangeintomuscleanymorethanmusclechangesintofat.(99.44)脂肪不能变成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。4.themorethemore与moreandmorethemore.themore表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。moreandmore只表示

8、一个过程的不断增长。如thewildertherangeofourlifeandthemorevariousthecontactswehave,thewilderandsupplermustbeourcommandoverarangofEnglishstyles.5.“ofa+n”的比较级“ofa+n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如Heismoreofadoctor.他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如Heisasofanathleteasshe.他和她一样具备运动员的素质。Thereare

9、asgoodfishinthesea_evercameoutofit.(2007,51)A.Than B.like C.as D.soB.Itisnot_muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(2007,57)C.A.That B.as C.so D.veryItwas_wehadhoped.(2006,64)A.moreasuccessthan B.asuccessmorethan C.asmuchofasuccessas D.asuccessasmuchas DoyouknowTimsbrot

10、her?Heis_thanTim.A.muchmoresportsman B.moreofasportsman C.moreofsportsman D.moreasportsman Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07,62)A.nomore B.notmore C.evenmore D.muchmore Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruc

11、k,_tothetruck.(2004,57)A.thegreaterstressis B.greateristhestress C.thestressisgreater D.thegreaterthestress Anewlaptopcostsabout_ofasecond-handone.(2009,55)A.thepriceofthreetimes B.threetimestheprice C.asmuchasthethreetimesprice D.threetimesmorethantheprices Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes_thesizeofSt.PetersinRome.A./B.thatof C.whichis D.of