GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍.docx

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1、GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍1Argument一般是不完整因而不可信的，所以我们的文章是以削弱为主要形式的评论型文章什么是Argument?Argument译为论证过程，指的是作者为了说服他人而使用一个前提结论式结构得出自己观点的推理过程一个完整的Argument包含以下四个要素lPremise前提，能直接退出结论的一个条件lAssumption假设，为了使论证更可信而额外设定的条件lEvidence论据，为了使论证更可信而引用的客观事实lConclusion结论，作者最终用于说服他人而得出的观点、立场一个说服力较强的，完整的argument通常

2、包含多个Assumption+Evidence来支持文章整体结构。为什么要写Analysis?从ARGUMENT结构角度来讲：我们题库中的Argument文章一般是Assumption和Evidence大量缺失甚至出现错误，导致原文的结论很容易无法得出的文章。所有的ARGUMENT文章，其基本表现形式为：“原文作者无法得出结论(因为)削弱条件1+削弱条件2+削弱条件3因此作者结论无法得出，如果想得出结论，就必须考虑到可能的削弱条件(123)”。GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍2Six?months?ago?the?region?of?Forestville?increased?the?s

3、peed?limit?for?vehicles?speed?limit?in?Elmsford,?a?region?neighboring?Forestville,?remained?unchanged,?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.?Therefore,?if?the?citizens?of?Forestville?want?to?reduce?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?on?the?regions?highways,?the

4、y?should?campaign?to?reduce?Forestvilles?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.?For?the?fact?given?above,?in?the?same?time,?foundmentally,?the?two?region?have?the?same?traffic?condition,?except,?the?speedlimit?is?improved?in?one,?and?the?other?keep?the?same.?So?we?can?get?the?result?that?th

5、e?reason?of?the?difference?is?that?the?improved?speed?limit.?And?also?the?change?will?give?some?other?inconvinent?to?the?people?there.?For?example,?the?people?will?not?familiar?with?the?change,?have?some?problem?in?handle?the?speed.?So,?what?I?think?is?that?the?citizen?should?show?the?government?the

6、?statistic?number?of?the?difference.?Argue?with?them.?Comments:?This?response?is?fundamentally?deficient?as?a?critique?for?two?reasons:?-?although?the?writer?has?relied?heavily?on?the?language?of?the?topic,?it?is?clear?that?the?writer?has?no?real?control?of?language,?and?-?there?is?little?or?no?evid

7、ence?of?the?writers?ability?to?develop?an?organized?response.?GRE作文argument写作技巧介绍3Six?months?ago?the?region?of?Forestville?increased?the?speed?limit?for?vehicles?speed?limit?in?Elmsford,?a?region?neighboring?Forestville,?remained?unchanged,?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?

8、six-month?period.?Therefore,?if?the?citizens?of?Forestville?want?to?reduce?the?number?of?automobile?accidents?on?the?regions?highways,?they?should?campaign?to?reduce?Forestvilles?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase.?statement?of?how?the?neighboring?region?of?Forestville,?did?not?increase?

9、or?decrease?the?speed?limit.?It?remained?unchanged?and?automobile?accidents?declined?slightly?during?the?same?six-month?period.?The?argument?may?appeal?to?those?who?have?been?effected?by?the?increase?in?accidents,?but?it?does?not?give?an?emotional?appeal?overall.?We?are?relying?on?the?authors?statis

10、tics?but?we?dont?know?where?they?came?from?and?if?they?are?reliable.?The?argument?needs?more?examples?and?illustrations?to?get?his?point?across?to?more?people.?It?is?suggested?that?the?citizens?of?Forestville?campaign?to?reduce?Forestvilles?speed?limit?to?what?it?was?before?the?increase,?but?it?is?u

11、sually?hard?to?start?a?campaign.?One?person?needs?to?take?action.?If?the?author?is?a?citizen?of?Forestville,?maybe?he?should?take?the?initiative.?Comments:?more?people.?Everything?else?in?the?essay?is?either?summarizing?the?argument,?speculating,?or?offering?advice.?The?result?is?a?response?that?is?

12、clearly?on?topic?but?that?provides?no?analysis?of?the?line?of?reasoning?in?the?argument.?although?not?illogical,?and?intended?meaning?is?sometimes?unclear?(e.g.,?but?it?does?not?give?an?emotional?appeal?overall.).?For?these?reasons,?the?response?deserves?a?score?of?2?according?to?the?scoring?guide.G

13、RE作文argument写作技巧介绍4GRE写作扣分主要原因1：观点类问题GRE写作在论点上出问题的情况是非常多的，其中最主要的情况有两种，一种是论点过于宽泛，另外一种则是论点过于狭窄。a.观点过于宽泛在各类教导写作的材料中，大家应该时常会发现关于强调GRE写作论点一定要写得具体，越细越好的指导建议。而考生经常出现的问题就是会出现一些很宽泛的论点句，以至于在较短的篇幅里并不能充分展开，甚至有时候会造成观点重叠。GRE高分作文写法步骤详细指导比如今年2月份的GRE考试中有一篇作文，题目要求探讨关于移动电话对于现代人生活的影响。假如考生提炼出的观点是“Mobilephoneshavechanged

14、ourlifegreatly.”这句只是说手机很大程度上改变了人们的生活，但是并未点明从哪些方面上带来了改变，因此把这个观点具化一下：“MobilephonescanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.”而同样是在2月份，还有一篇作文的题目则讨论了关于广告泛滥对于社会舆论造成的干扰。如果考生只是简单写“Advertisinghasbadeffectsonallofsociety.”广告有不良影响显然是不够的。我们需要写出具体的方面

15、，比如“Advertisementswhichexaggeratethefunctionoftheproductsmaymisleadtheconsumers.”b.论点过于狭窄与论点过于宽泛相对的，则是一些考生把论点定得太过狭窄，自己把自己逼近了死胡同以至于没有展开的空间甚至没有进一步支持的必要。这类句子与其说是观点，倒不如说是事实的陈述或者只是举了个例子而已。4月第一次换库的时候一篇曾经出现过几次的作文题目，讲的是某个地方当地人开展旅游业的看法。有的考生直接把观点写成“Therearemorelocalresidentsengagedintourismindustry.”这其实并非观点，只

16、是陈述了一个事实就是在当地越来越多人开始从事旅游业，可改为：“Tourismbringshugeeconomicbenefitstolocalresidents.”就比较容易展开了。1月份的GRE作文中也有一道讨论不可再生燃料如何持续利用的题目，如果考生写出“Theconsumptionoffossilfuelsincreaseinrecentyears.”也等于是自己把话说死了，正确写法是给出论述重点，假设原因，比如“Theconsumptionoffossilfuelsincreasinginrecentyearsresultsfromtwofactors.”之后就会好写很多。GRE写作扣

17、分主要原因2：用词问题GRE写作评分中关于用词有一个非常具体的评判标准，demonstratescontroloflanguage,includingdictionandsyntacticvariety，即通过用词用句的变化性有效地体现行文语言的多样性。而许多中国考生被扣分，正是因为用词过于单调重复和口语化。下面给大家举5个最常见的不地道且常被滥用的LOW词：a.ReallyExample：Theswimmerreallyperformedadmirably.“Really”表示“真的”，有强调的作用。但很多时候“really”并没有告诉读者或听者任何重要、有用的信息，缺乏说服力。如果你想要表

18、达一个事实，不妨尝试去掉“really”，反倒更让信服。比如：Theswimmerperformedadmirably.b.Things/StuffExample:“Thearticlesaidalotofthingsandstuff.”Things和Stuff这两个词汇十分模糊，作者自己可以清楚地了解Things和Stuff代表的含义，但读者显然不能。Things和Stuff到底指什么?为什么会有Things和Stuff?我如何获得这些Things和Stuff?这都有力量。例如：Theariclediscussedtheprinciplesofinteractivedesign.c.Ibel

19、ieve/Ifeel/IthinkExample:“Ibelievetheauthorhasagreatpointhere”很多人认为在观点前加上“Ibelieve/Ifeel/Ithink”可以表明立场，避免逻辑漏洞，也更容易让人接受自己的想法。但如果对方本身对你的认可度不高，你的“Ibelieve/Ifeel/Ithink”反而会引起对方的抵抗情绪。过度小心翼翼会让你显得没有自信，不够真诚。你完全可以说：“Theresearcherhasagreatpointhere.”d.Was/Is/Are/AmExample:“TheletterwasmailedbySally.”使用Was/Is/

20、Are/Am和不使用的区别在于被动和主动的区别。在这个例句中，Was/Is/Are/Am让句式变成更为复杂的被动，而在地道的英语思维中，应该尽可能少地使用被动语态;另一方面，当你使用被动句，句子的主旨也会随之改变，从Sally变成了letter。英文写作要做到简洁有力，“Sallymailedtheletter.”显然比“TheletterwasmailedbySally.”表达的更清晰。e.VeryExample：Scientistsareveryinterestedinfindingoutmoreabouttheduck-billedplatypus“Substitutedamneverytimeyoureinclinedtowritevery;youreditorwilldeleteitandthewritingwillbejustasitshouldbe.”MarkTwainvery是最常被大家使用的一个单词，但也是最苍白的一个单词。一句“verygood”远不如“wonderful”来得生动。要记住，读者的时间非常宝贵，你的语言一定要精简。