初中英语考点笔记大全.pdf

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1、 名校 初中英语考点笔记大全I This is the key to the door.这是开门的钥匙。I call sb.=phone sb.=ring sb.upplease give me a call.请打电话给我I family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用nisH,family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用are。I of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用o f，但有生命物体后要加s。I以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。I What s your name,please?=Could you tell me your name

2、,please?=May I have your name,please?I Nice to meet you.=Glad to meet you.=Pleased to meet you.I写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。I表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。I名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如:I get to somewhere（get home 除 夕 卜）至U达I肯 定：Let+宾 语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V原型+否定:Don tlet+宾语+V原型+/Let+宾 语+not+V原型+I have表示 有 时才

3、可以用来提问或写成否定haven t。联系动词be动词+adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell 触I反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）itself（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）I How much+be+商品？（答：It s/They re.）=What is theprice of?（答：It s.）I cent 美分 One dollar=100 centsI other(两者中的另一个)anothe

4、r(三者中的另一个)I越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hatI帮助某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth.help sb.with sth.with the help(n.)of sb.e.g.He studies math well,with the help ofteacher.I 一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+I Can I help you?=What can I do for you?=(Is there)anything Ican do for you?Iwelcomea.受欢迎的V.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welco

5、me得到热烈欢迎I be动词不加动词原形I hundred,thousand与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加s。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上干I buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物I any body在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。I for表示动词的对象或接受者,表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体There are many trees o

6、n each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadI the price is low(high)价格低(高)I也also放 在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句）I on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨Iwhen.?答不用具体时间what time.?答要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛I持续一段时间的节日一般用Ia kind offestival一种many ki

7、nd of许多种all kinds of各种各样I kind of.有几分.如：The elephants are kind of cute.I含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：Shedoesn t think they are boring.（她认为他们不无聊）I 问：How are you?答：I m fine.（我很好。）/Just so so.（一般般。）I表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语谓语动词用单数。如:Tw。dollarsis enough（足够）。I怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字

8、母或元音字母组合发出的音，因 此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包 括 r ）,分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/1 peipa/（pa 为开音节）member/，memb”（mem 为闭音节）happy I haepi/（hap 为闭音节）sorry/sori/（sor 为闭音节）certainly/z ss:tnil/11 am sorry.I can t go with y o u.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）I Th

9、anks./Thank you./Thank you very much./Thank a lot./Many thanks.I You are welcome./Thatz s O K./That s all right.I If s my pleasure./With pleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）I make friend with s b.（和.交朋友）I Thanks for+n./v.ing=Thanks sb.for+n./v.ingI below在 下 方（非正下方）反义词：above在上 面（非正上方，没有接触面）under在 下 面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），

10、over（没有接触面）在上 面（正上方）I keep+sth.+ad j.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。I表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用some。I 问：Let.答:OK./All right./That1 s a good idea./That sounds good./Sorry.I sport用来修饰名词要变为sportsoI play+the+乐 器Erhu除 夕 卜I be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。I人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。I be good with sb.=get on well with sb.

11、与某人相处的很好I 问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.I always（总是）usually（通常）often（经 常）sometime（有 时）seldom（很 少）never（从 不）I频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。I感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（主）+（谓）！如：What beautiful flowers they are!How+adj./adv.+（主）+（谓）！如:How beautiful the flowers are!I Ca

12、n you think what his job is?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。I Start to do sth.开始做某事I be famous for.因.出名忙于某事be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.对某人某事严格be strict with sb.be strict in sth./doing sth.I for+时间段 做某事持续多久I 问：How long do you have volleyball?答:I have volleyball for two hours.I ask sb.some questions.问

13、某人一些问题ask sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事I no=not anyI because不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不 和but同时使用。Ilittle修饰不可数名词几乎没有（否定）a little有一些（肯定）few修饰可数名词几乎没有（否定）a few有一些（肯定）I either:两者中的任何一个都行。neither:两者中的任何一个都不。I用m ay提问的句子回答用can/can t或must/mustn t;用can提问的句子回答用can/can t;用must提问的句子回答用 need/needn7 t.如：1.May I park my car here

14、?Yes,you can/must./No,you can,t/mustn,t.2.Can I watch TV?Yes,you can./No,you can,t.3.Must I clean the classroom this morning?Yes,you need./No,you needn,t.I be afraid of doing sth./be afraid of sth.害怕做某事/某物I be fond of=likeI make a continuation to sth.对.有贡献I do well in=be good at 擅长.I比 较 级+and+比较级越来越

15、I give back=return 归还I 法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形I in the world在世界上all over the world/around the world/the whole word 全世界I in the school在学校里in school在学校学习I outside在 外面outside the gate to the park 在公园门外I turning 转角I go down+.沿 着.路走go straight down+.沿

16、 着.路直走I enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事enjoy oneself=have a good time=have funI take a walk=go for a walk=have a walkI the beginning o f.的开始at the beginning o f强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起 初,开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end从开始到结束I visit+地点、参观某地a visit to+地点、参观某地I have fun doing sth.做.很开心I 地点+is a

17、great place to do sth.是一个做I be busy with sth.忙于某事I the way to.去.的路on the way to+地点 在去.的路上on one s way to+地点 某人在去.的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上的地方I 主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+to do sth.I live o n靠为生pay 金钱 to sb.for sth.为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb.=pay sb.金钱pay sb.付钱给某人I between两者之间among三者或三者以上之间II Why not do s

18、th.?表建议：为什么不做呢？Why don t you do sth.?表疑问：你为什么不要？如:People like this kind of animals,because they re kind of cute.I in the south of 在.南部I asleep 睡着的 adj.fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着I be friendly to sb.对某人友好I don,t forget to do sth.不要忘记做某事I tell sb.to do sth.叫某人去做某事tell sb.not to do sth.叫某人不去做某事II 介词+d

19、oing sth.I would like to do sth.想要做某事I Which place do you live in=Where do you live?I Isn t he cute?否定疑问句I Sam wants to play basketball,doesn,t he?翻译疑问句I Why not do sth.?=Why don t you do sth.?I practice doing sth.练习做某事use sth.to do sth.I 比较级中的代词用 that,如：The map of Beijing is better thanthat of Tian

20、jin.I said to oneself 自言自语I be careful not to do sth.小心别做某事I do one,s best尽某人的全力II be satisfied with.对.满意I be full o f满是II条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We II havea sports meeting if it doesn,t rain tomorrow.I It s（形式主语）+adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.（主语）做某事怎么样。如：It s important for him to play the piano.弹钢琴对他很

21、重要。It s+adj.+of sb.to do sth.（adj.应为 sb.的本身性质）如：It s kind of you to help m e.你帮助了我，你真好。I go across the bridge 过桥I in+时间段（将来时）多久后II What does she do?=Whatz s she?=Whatz s her job?II如:I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.III talk to/with sb.与某人交谈II be o u t夕 卜 出waitress女服务员be late for 做.迟到了learn by o

22、neself=teach oneself 自学show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.lately最近thanks for+n./动名词表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。be with sb.与某人在一起描述头发：漂 亮+长 短+形 状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+.hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose.is/am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/of medium height.I strong的反义词：weak虚弱的I love to do sth.喜爰做某事I wear用进行时态时表示短时间内的

23、状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。I popular流 行;受欢迎的pop流行II kind of=a little bit+adj./adv.=a little bit of+n.II多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为限定词(the;a)_数词一描绘词_(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜 色）_ 出处一材料性质、类别一名词outgoing外向的What fine weather it is!=How fine the weather is!round the world 全世界junk food垃圾食物be on a visit

24、(n.)to.=visit(v.).stay+adj.保持be angry with sb.most o f.中的大多数He doesn t want to do anything.=He wants to do nothing.Help oneself to sth.受.欢迎play a joke on sb.和某人开玩笑dress sb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to+v.（不定式）another+n.（单）I If s time for sb.to do sth.I be worry(adj.)about(担心.)=worry(v.)aboutI sothat如此以致I discu

25、ss with sb.sth.I as soon as .就I Stand sth.I Maybe adv.I exercise(v.)=do exercise(n.)/do sportsI How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long时间多久How fa r距离多远How soon 多快 例：How soon will you come back?In twodays.How many times 多少次I result for do sth.I want sb.to do sth.I Thanks for doing sth.I be different from 与

26、.不同I look after=take care of 照 顾（重 视）style风格、方式the o ld老人kind person 热心人the same as 与.一样kind of=a little(bit)keep in good healthy=keep healthymake a plan fo r为 做计划although=though让步状语从句：虽然、尽管be good at sth./doing sth.advice(un.)建议 a piece of advice.lots of=a lot ofI certainly 当然I sound like+名词/名词词组II

27、 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事=would like sb.to do sth.II hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope+that从句（that可以省略）。另 外,hope后面+s。表示 希望如此；hope not表示 希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish todo sth.希望做某事；wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事;wish that从 句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。Need sth./to do sth.I Be good for sth./doing sth.

28、I g e t变得I be.with sth.I western西方的I 形式主语-It s+adj.to do sth.I improve 提高I have a pain in the+身体部位I名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数 woman m an跟着所修饰词单复数变化 sport作为修饰词总为复数I there be+主语+doing sth.I if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。I 不擅长：be weak is擅 长:be good atI Angry with sb.about sb.为某事生某人的气。I for 表目的，例：We come here for vacation.I

29、I 将来时：1.will+v.（原）2.be going to do sth.3.用现在进行时表将来时II sb.pay 钱 for sth.II go away 离开I Have a good time=Enjoy yourselfI send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.I think（过去式:thought）:think about sth./doing sth.思考.I think of:想起I decide（决定）to do sth./on sth./on doing sth.I 在某大洲中心 in:Greec

30、e is in Europe.（European 欧洲的）I leave somewhere 离开某地-leave for somewhere离开去某地I plan-planned-planningI natural自然的I finish doing sth.完成某事I hope to do sth./从句I can,t wait to do sth.我迫不及待想做某事the number of.的数量depend o n依赖于in the mountain 在山区keep+宾 语+adj.（宾 补）decide to do sth./on sth./on doing sth.宾语从句：陈述句

31、语序get to=reach=arrive in/atWould/W川 you please+v（原）sit at the table 用餐the final（ad j.最后的）exam期末考试How提问方式方法A 地+is+距离+（away）from B 地有具体距离不再用farIf s+距离+from A to B划线部分提问：It s ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school?I It take sb.to do sth.例：It takes him about 10 minu

32、tes to rideto the station.I ride 车程：An hour,s bus ride will take you there.II final=at last=in the endI not all（部分否定）并非所有:Not all students are here.I a lot/far/much用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用abit/a littleWhat do you think of?=How do you like?I need(实义动词)+sth./to do sth.I the number o f.的数量,谓动用单数(is)The nu

33、mber of thestudents is 100.I worry(v.)I invite(v.)invitation(n.)I discuss sth.讨论某事on onez s way to:谁在前往的路上by the way:顺便提一下in.ways:方 面Excuse,you*re in my way:你挡到我了enjoy doing sth.be good at=as.ason the farm:在农场上take part in=join inlike helping othershowever=butmake sb.adj.（宾补）lielyinganother+数 字+复 数

34、名 词by plane=by airbreak-broke-brokenbe+过去分词一被动语态healthyhealthierwould like to do sth.You d better do sth./not do sth.view vju:n.观点I face to face 面对面I another在做形容词时意为 又一个，再一个，另 外 的 ，其后可以接可数名词的单数或复数。如：I have another two books to read.I another,the other,others,the othersanother既可作形容词又可作代词，泛 指 再 一 个，又

35、一 个 ，表示 总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。如:This dress is dirty,please change another one for me.the other表示 两个中的另一个，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也可用the other+可数名词单数。如：His parents both work in a hospital.O ne is a doctor and theother is a nurse.others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用other+可数名词复数来代替。注意ot

36、hers后面不可直接加名词。如:Some students like English and other students(others)likephysics.the 0thers指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如:This dictionary is better than the others.I形容词、副词的比较级L比较级的定义大多数形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示 更，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明 前者比后者更。比较级前面一般用much,even,a little修饰。2.比较级的构成(1)规则变化单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：c

37、alm-calmer talltaller smartsmarter 以 字 母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如:nicenicer finefiner largelarger以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i,再加er如：early-earlier happyhappier busybusier以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er如:big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如:popular-more popular importantmore important(2)不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不

38、规则的：good-better bad/illworse many/muchmore little-less far-farther/further old一older/elder3.比较级的用法(1)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。表 达A和B 一 样 ，用asas的结构。公 式：A+be动 词+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B如：I am as tall as you.He runs as fast as I.表 达 A不 如B 用not as/so.as的结构。公 式：A+be动词的否定形式+a s+形容词原级+

39、as+BA+助动词的否定形式+动 词+as+副词原级+as+B如：I am not as tall as you.He doesn,t run as fast as I.表 达A大 于B 用 比较级+than的结构公 式：A+be动 词+形容词比较级+than+BA+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B如：I am taller than you.He runs faster than I.(2)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法比较级前面可以加上表示 优劣程度 的词或短语意思是 更.得.常见词有 much,a little,even,a lot,a greatdeal 等。如：He is muc

40、h taller than I.I jump a little higher than he.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体 大多少，长 多 少 ，短多少”等。如：I am two years older than he.This building is 20 meters higher than that one.表 示 越 来 越 比 较 级+and+比较级（单音节词）；more and more+原 级（多音节词）如:It is getting warmer and warmer.He is running faster and faster.Our country

41、is becoming more and more beautiful.表 示 越 就越；the+比较级，the+比较级如:The more,the betterThe more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.the+比较级of the two 表示两个当中较的一个如:The taller of the two boys is my brothers.4.运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1)按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。如：He is more careful than I

42、(me).(2)只有同类的事物才能比较如：Her bag is bigger than mine./Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kun Ming is much better than that of Shenyang./The weather of Kun Ming is much better than Shenyang.5.加er的双音节词大多以y、ows er、pie、ble结尾6.由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+moreI一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用原形，当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。

43、1.一般现在时态的句型：动 词 为be动词时：主 语+be动 词(am/is/are)+其他部分否定句在be动词后面加not;一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。(2)动词为行为动词时:一般现在时态的肯定句：主 语+动词原形+其他成分 主 语（第三人称单数）+动词s/es+其他成分一般现在时态的否定句 主 语+don t+动词原形+其他成分 主 语（第三人称单数）+doesn t+动词原形+其他成分一般现在时态的一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其他成分？Does+主 语（第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他成分？一般现在时态的一般疑问句特殊疑问句+一般疑问句？2.动词第三人称单数的变化（1）直接加 s,如

44、：looklooks sleepsleeps(2)在字母s,x,ch,sh,o 后 力 口 es,如：watchwatches go一goes(3)辅音字母加y结尾的词变v为i再 力 口 es,如：studystudies crycries注 意：一般现在时态的特殊疑问句What does he do on weekend?He watches TV.III as for sth./doing sth.Pour sth/sth for sb./sb.sth.The rain poured down yesterday.昨晚倾盆大雨。Two teaspoons of honey.should+v

45、.（原）taste（系 v.）+adj.（表）add sth.to sth.on（the）topthere be:就近原则 不出现there havelay（产卵）laidjourney陆地的旅行prize奖品奖金争夺物;值得竞争的目标；口语极好的东西。buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.have fun=have a good time=enjoy doing sth.all day long 一整天be borncompetition做不可数名词时表示竞争，做可数名词时表示竞赛。help sb.(to)do sth.I place of interest 名胜古迹11 w

46、ill never我不会忘记I have fun doing sth.II make history 创纪录II take o ff起飞、脱掉Ihappen 发生：sth.happen to sb.take a class=have a classI on.day offI 一般过去式的时间状语都是明显表示过去的。如：yesterday,lastnight(week/year),in+过去的年份(如：in 1998)，ago(如:threetears ago),just now 等等。I record/reko:d/n.hold/keep the recordbreak the records

47、et the new word recordrecord/r i ko:d/v.What are you recording in your book?I start doing sth.=start to do sth.I it says 据说I too.to My brother is too young to go to school.so.that My brother is so young that he can,t go to school.I play fo r为而战I hiccuppingI create-creativeI love-lovely 可爱的loving 慈爱的

48、I Osaka su1 sa:ks,|9usa:ka:大阪I take part in=join in参加活动（join:加入某组织或团体）II admire 羡慕 v.tI admire her story.I admire him for his discovery.I see sb.do sth.II learn sth./to do sth.I stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做的事I practice doing sth.II We won,t go shopping if it is rain tomorrow.条件或时间状语用一般现在时I see sb.do

49、ing sth.看见某人正做某事I to后面加V.原I major inII decided-decisionII What adj.n.主 谓I be late for schoolI move te some whereII Let s.shall we?Let us.will you?I what was wrote更糟糕的是II holdheldI at the same time 同时that+定语从句be rich变得富有British不列颠see sb.doing sth.foreign（外国的）foreigner（外国人）over=more thanMay/Could I do

50、 sth.11 agree with you.我同意你的观点。agree with sb.agree to do sth.I leave one s job 辞职III down town(adv.)城市市区I keep:keep fit(体型上)/keep healthy keep adj.keep doing sth.(3)keep sb./sth.adj.(宾补)例：Keep the food cool.(4)keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事II of 一般用来赞扬或批评It is adj.of sb.I once曾经I give sb.a ride 顺便搭一程get