2022年高考英语学霸纠错10情态动词虚拟语气和语法填空短文改错.pdf

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1、考点10情态动词与虚拟语气的高考实质应用一情态动词、虚拟语气与语法填空情态动词和虚拟语气与语法填空对于情态动词在语法填空中的考查主要注意情态动词的一般用法以及“情态动词+havedone”的用法；而对于虚拟语气的考查除了注意情态动词的选用，还需注意一般过去时与过去完成时在虚拟语气中的考查。典型题练习在空白处填入适当的情态动词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1 .2018U匕京卷 In todays information age,the loss of data cause serious problems fora company.2.2018北京卷 They might have found

2、 a better hotel if t h e y(d r i v e)a few morekilometers.3.12018天津卷 I can*t find my p u r s e.I(le a v e)it in the supermarket yesterday,but Pmnot sure.4.2018天津卷 If w e(c a t c h)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holidayon the beach now.5.2017北京卷 Samuel,the tallest boy in our c l a s s,

3、e a s i l y reach the books on the topshelf.6.2017北京卷 If the new safety s y s t e m(p u t)to use,the accident would never havehappened.7.2017天津卷 My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it inthe morning.8.2017天津卷 一Do you have Bettys phone number?一Yes.Otherwise,I(be)able to r

4、each her yesterday.9.2017江苏卷(be)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could notovercome her difficulty.10.2016北京卷 I love the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays andSundays.11.2020天津卷 Jim says w e stay in his house as long as we leave it clean andtidy.12.2016天津卷 It was really ann

5、oying；I not get access to the data bank you hadrecommended.13.2016 匕 京卷 I love the weekend,because I not get up early on Saturdays andSundays.14.2021 苏锡常镇教情调查 Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he go outand buy something,usually something large and useless.15.2018天津卷 I cant find my purse.I mig

6、ht (leave)it in the supermarketyesterday,but Fm not sure.1 6.浙江卷 G e o r g e(n o t go)too far.His coffee is still warm.17.2021 天津河东一模 一Where is my Chinese book?I remember I put it here yesterday.You have put it in the wrong place.18.2021湖北四地七校第一次联考 It is high time that y o u(c o n s i d e r)that if

7、therewere no stress in your life,you would achieve a little.19.2021 肇庆模拟 He was still running with a smile on his face,as if nothing(happen).20.2021 东北三校联考 The order came that the medical s u p p l i e s(s e n d)to theearthquake-stricken area soon.21.2021 甘肃天水一中段考 John wants to see me now,but I have

8、 so much work on hand thatI would rather h e(c o me)tomorrow than today.22.2017北京卷 Samuel,the tallest boy in our c l a s s,e a s i l y reach the books on thetop shelf.23.2020江苏卷 If I hadn*t been faced with so many barriers,I(not be)where I am.24.2019天津卷 The workers were not better organized,otherwis

9、e they(accomplish)the task in half the time.25.2019江苏卷 What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we(h a v e)a good timetogether.26.2018江苏卷 There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I(ha ve)asecond chance to become more involved.答案：Lean 2.had driven 3.could/might have left4.had caught 5.c

10、an 6.had been put 7.needn*t8.wouldn11 have been 9.Were lO.neednt11.can 12.could 13.need 14.would 15.have left 16.can/couldn have gone17.must 18.considered/should consider 19.had happened 20.(should)be sent21.came would rather22.can 23.wouldnt be 24.would have accomplished25.would have had 26.had 应对策

11、略1.若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词与助动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词或助动词。2.一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态，除了 if虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如suggest,would rather,as if,wish,otherwise,or,but for 等。学生海选错题例 1 2020天津卷Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.【错因分析】学生对情态动词的使用不熟悉【学霸解题】

12、该题考查情态动词。句意：只要我们保持房子干净整洁，吉姆就允许我们待在他的房子里。根据as long as所引导的条件状语从句可知，此处应填can。【秒杀技巧】can/could的基本用法(1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to

13、any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。(3)表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替c a n,语气更委婉。Can I have a word with you?It wont take long.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。(4)表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager.He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们的经理。我们经理已经去北京了。解题必备知识情态动词和虚拟语气考点汇总：考点一 can,could与be able to的用法1.表示现在的能力：ca

14、n,am/is/are able too2.表示将来的能力:will be able too3.表示过去的能力：could表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。4.can/couki表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。5.can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。活学巧练 完成句子 2016天津卷It was really annoying；I get across to the data bank you hadrecommended.(过去的 能力)真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。The smalles

15、t good habits make a big difference.最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。(3)After years of hard work he win the prize.多年的努力之后，他最终赢得了这个奖品。How you do such a silly thing?(表示惊讶)你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？答案：couldnt can was able to could考点二 may与might的用法1.表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt,表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”之意。2.may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3.“m

16、ay/mightaswell+动词原形 意为 最好,倒不如”。活学巧练 单句语法填空/完成句子(D_I play basketball this afternoon?一No,you cant.If you think the price of beef is too high,you buy some pork.It dependson you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。答案：May might as well考 点 三must的用法1.must用于否定句，表示“禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。2.must表示必要性，意为“必须3.must表示偏执、固执

17、，意为“非得,偏要”。活学巧练 单句语法填空 2015北京卷 Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.If you go,at least wait until the storm is over.Hurry up!T h e y(w a i t)for us now.答案：must must must be waiting考 点 四need与dare的用法1.need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2.dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和

18、条件状语从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。名师点津 在肯定句中，need和dare通常为实义动词，表示否定和疑问需借助助动词do及其变形。活学巧练 完成句子As far as Im concerned,you worry about us now.就我个人而言，你现在没有必要担心我们。Adults to live their own lives but thats difficult with children.大人需要过他们自己的生活，但有了孩子就很难做到了。How you say Im unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？He/speak English before such a crowd.在这

19、么多人面前他不敢说英语。答案：neednt need dare darent/doesnt dare(to)考点五 will与would的用法1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2.will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3.will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。4.would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。活学巧练 完成句子you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？Every morning he have a walk along this river.每

20、天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。Mum tell us stories before we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。答案：W o u ld w i l l would考点六 shall,should与ought to的用法1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2.shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3.should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。4.-Why/How+should结构”表示说话人对某事不能理解，有感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”。5.ought to表示

21、“应该”。6.shall还可表示法律、规章和条例中规定的“应该”。活学巧练 完成句子(D-What time I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?一I havent decided on the time.But I will call you.先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。You not get my support if you do such a thing.假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There be twe

22、lve.你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。According to the newly-made traffic regulation,whoever drives through a redlight be fined at least 200 dollars.根据新的交通法规，不论谁驾车闯红灯，至少罚款200美元。答案：shall shall should shall考点七情态动词表推测的用法1.can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为 可能，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强

23、烈。2.may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3.must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)o4.should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。活学巧练 完成句子/单句语法填空Youd better put on a heavy coat.Sometimes it be very cold here at night.你最好穿上一件厚的大衣，在这里晚上有时很冷。It b

24、e the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know alot of words.不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多单词。(3)一You neednt take an umbrella.lt isnt going to rain.Well,I dont know.lt do.你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。(4)Good morning.rve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Depart

25、ment.Ah,good morning.Ybu be Mrs Peters.There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot inthe driving school.答案：can couldnt might must shouldnt考 点 八“情态动词+havedone”的用法 活学巧练 完成句子Sorry,Fm late.I the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.情态动词+have done用法must have don

26、e一定做过某事，其否定形式为can，t/couldn，t havedonecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事canVcouldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought tohave done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn*t have done做了本没有必要做的事情对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。You better,but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。Look!There ar

27、e so many mistakes in your composition.You full attentionon it.看！你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。答案：might have turned off could have done should have fixed考 点 九 if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓从句语形式表示与过去事实相反的情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示与现在事实相反的情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/wou

28、ld/could/might+动词原形表示与将来事实相反的情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词过去式were to+动词原形 活学巧练 用所给词的适当形式填空We(b e)back in the hotel now if you hadnrt lose the map.If h e(c a t c h)the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.答案：should/could/would be had caught考点十 错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示

29、的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句、动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。活学巧练 完成句子If we a table earlier,we standing here in a queuenow.如果我们早一点订一张桌子的话，现在就不会站在这里排队了。If you home without a word,your parents so worriednow.要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。答案：had booked；wouldnt be hadnt left；wouldnt be考点H一省 略if的倒装句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略i

30、f,把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式。活学巧练 同义句转换If I were at school again,I would study harder.=I at school again,I would study harder.If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus.=you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.=it rain tomorrow,w

31、e would not go climbing.答案：W ereHad Should考点十二 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,=it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,.没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。I woul

32、d write to her,but I dont know her address.我要给她写信来着，可是不知道她的地址。活学巧练 完成句子I was ill that day.Otherwise,I part in the sports meeting.我那天病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。She you,but she was busy yesterday.她本来能来帮助你的，但昨天她太忙了。一Did you make it at last?一Yes.But for your help,it a serious loss.你最终成功了吗？是的，要不是你的帮助，可能会导致严重的损失。答案：w

33、ould have taken would have helped would have caused考 点 十 三(should+)do 结构的虚拟语气1.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的这类动词有：demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,prefer,desire,recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形，should可以省略。一主张：insist；二命令：order,command；三建议：suggest,advise,recomme

34、nd；四要求：request,require,ask,demand；夕 卜 力 口 个敦促：urge。2.用于主语从句中：在“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential+that从句 中，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形，should可以省略。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中：在 suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“sh

35、ould+动词原形，should可以省略。活学巧练 完成句子The school recommends that parents their children to swim in riversor lakes during summer holidays.学校建议父母在暑假不要允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。It is suggested that the meeting till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。(3)My idea is that we it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑一下。(4)Ybur sugges

36、tion that the door when we leave is reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。答案：(should)not permit(should)be put off(should)think(should)be shut考点十四 其他句型中的虚拟语气1.would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿“。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。I would rather they didnt hear of the news.我宁愿他们没听说那个消息。(对现在或将来的虚拟)I

37、 would rather I had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟)2.w ish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：一般过去时宾语从句动作与wish动作同时进行h ad+过去分词宾语从句动作先于wish动作发生were 5stay-stayed6.do-had done 7.chosechoose 应对策略做此类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：1.看句中情态动词是否运用正确。2.看是否考查虚拟语气；若是考查虚拟语气，注意分清主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。“-!学

38、生海选错题I例 1.（2018全国卷 II）As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked towatch them,my parents would not to let me.【错因分析】学生没有注意到情态动词的基本使用情况【学霸解题】句意：当我小的时候，我喜欢看动画片，但是不论我多少次请求去看动画片，爸爸妈妈都不会答应我。Would是情态动词，表示过去经常发生的动作或行为，后加动词原形。故 把to去掉。【实用知识】近几年高考语法填空和短文改错对情态动词的考查，主要涉及以下3点：1.情态动词后要

39、加动词原形，在短文改错中经常漏掉系动词b e,或在情态动词后加了动词的其他形式。2.含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+过去分词。3.时 态 的 误 用，该用情态动词的过去式时而用了一般现在时，有过去式的情态动词有：cancould,maymight,shallshould,willwould,have tohad to,daredared。学霸丢分错题例 2.2016课 标 全 国 卷 II Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interestnearby._【错因分析】学生没有及时识别出suggest引导的虚拟语气情况【学霸纠

40、错】句意：一些学生建议我们应该去一些附近的名胜古迹。suggest译为“建议”，引导宾语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的谓语构成是”(should)+do。canshould或去掉can。【知识拓展】宾语从句中虚拟语气的使用情况：句中含有以下单词或其变形时，其后所跟的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句或同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”，其 中should可以省略。一坚持insist二命令/mand 三建议/suggest,advise,recommend四要求/request,require,ask5dcmand 外加一个敦促 urgeHe s

41、uggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他 建 议 我 们 第 二 天 早 点 出 发。名师指津当suggest表示“暗 示，表明”之 意，insist表示“坚持说”之 意 时，suggest/insist后的宾 语 从 句 不 使 用 虚 拟 语 气，而 使 用 陈 述 语 气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他 脸 上 的 微 笑 表 明 他 对 我 们 的 工 作 很 满 意。The man insisted that

42、he had never stolen money.那 个 人 坚 持 说 他 从 没 有 偷 过 钱。针对性练习语法填空2021青 岛 高 三 质 检 Chinese museums might have been 1.(temporary)closedearlier this year,2.many are still open to online visitors.A 3.(grow)number ofChinese museums are presenting their collection of artifacts(手 工 艺 品)on the Internet.SinceFebr

43、uary,online platforms including Taobao and Douyin 4.(hold)live streaming(直播)events from Chinas museums.The programs,5.have received more than 10 million6.(day)visits,have proved popular according to media reports.Some live streaming hostshave become Internet celebrities.Bai Xuesong,the host of Xian

44、Beilin Museums live streamingevent on Sunday,received more than 1.75 million“likes”.Avoiding boring description whileintroducing exhibits,his humorous tone and funny stories won the 7.(heart)of hisaudience.Instead of being laid aside and 8.(ignore),the cultural heritage should9.(rich)the publics kno

45、wledge and expand their outlook.These live streaming events are10.step forward in achieving that goal.【解 题 导 语】本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文。中 国 实 体 博 物 馆 今 年 早 些 时 候 闭 馆 期 间，“云上博物馆”流 行 起 来。1.答案与解析：tem porarily考查副词。修饰动词应该使用副词，故用“temporary”的副词形式 temporarily。2.答案与解析：b u t考查并列连词。前面提到实体博物馆暂时闭馆，后面提到很多博物馆仍然对网上游客开放，故填b

46、u t,表示转折关系。3.答案与解析：g ro w in g考查非谓语动词。此处表示正在增长的数量，“grow”和“number”是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词growing意为“增长中的”作前置定语。4.答案与解析：have held/have been h o ld in g考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“SinceFebruary”可知，此处要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并可能持续下去。5.答案与解析：w h ic h考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The programs”,关系词在从句中作主语

47、，故要用which。6.答案与解析：d a ily考查形容词。空处修饰名词，故用形容词daily意为“每日的，日常的7.答案与解析：h e a rts考查名词的单复数。根据空后的“ofhis audience”可知，此处要用heart的复数形式。8.答案与解析：ig n o red考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与“laid”并列，故填ignored。9.答案与解析：e n ric h考查动词。情态动词should”后应该使用动词原形，故填“rich”的动词形式enrich意为“使丰富，充实”。10.答案与解析：a考查冠词。句意：这些现场直播活动是实现那个目标的一步。“step”是可数名

48、词，且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。“-学霸必做试题：IIII.-高效演练I.单句语法填空1.If that i n c i d e n t(n o t happen),I wouldnt have made new friends in high school andmet the people who are my best friends now.2.Knowing his sons death c o u l d(a v o i d)if he had only called the doctor,he alwaysfelt he was guilty.3.I was delighte

49、d and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested wef i r s t(g o)to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.4.You might feel as if y o u(b e)in a fairy tale.5.It is high time that y o u(c o n s i d e r)that if there were no stress in your life,you wouldonly achieve a little.6.We ofte

50、n hear that children wish t h e y(b e)grown-ups,and that old people wish to beyoung.7.She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressurefrom work when young.8.I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.You be imagining things.He left for America last night.9.The old