2022年新高考英语新题型各个击破-完型填空.pdf
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1、2022年新高考英语新题型各个击破-完型填空【主要考点】近几年的高考完型填空全国各省市套卷中的完型填空仍然以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。因此,记叙文和夹叙夹议文类的完型填空将继续成为当下高考命题的热点。传播正能量和具有积极意义的故事类记叙文和叙议结合文是命题的主流,让考生在考试中感悟人生哲理是命题的方向。高考完型填空题从每个小题的设计来看,只需读懂设空所在句,便可找到答案的题目在考试中所占的比例很小。需要通过上下文来考虑的题目每年要占7 0%以上,其中需要从全文角度考虑的占1/3 以上。完型填空其设置的问题大致可分为三类:词语搭配、结构搭配和逻辑搭配。通常情况下,完型填空题是一篇与高中英语教材篇目
2、难度大致相当的短文,文中有2 0 或 者 1 5 个单词或短语被挖掉。考生必须综合运用所学的词汇、语法等知识,然后从所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案填空。所选短文一般在3 0 0 个单词左右,文章第一句一般不设空。【技巧讲解】一)、词汇复现(1)词汇复现包括:原词、同(近)义词、反义词、同源词、概括词复现等。(2)考生只需要在上下文中直接寻找与备选答案相关的词汇,不需要做出推理判断就可以轻松解决问题。这类设题形式分为前文提示和后文暗示两种。二)、前后照应前后照应题目有时提供的几个选择项孤立地从一个句子看或是从一个段落看似乎都可以,但需要从整篇文章上下文结合起来看,才能选出正确答案。三)、固定搭配词
3、的固定搭配,特别是动词的搭配是完型填空测试的重点,这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词紧密相连,测试的范围较广。除此之外,还考查形容词与介词、介词与名词的固定搭配。四)、词义辨析在完型填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中,往往存在大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词等(也有一部分没有任何关系的词汇掺在其中),考查具体语境下它们的意义差别。此类题目所占比例最大,难度也较大。【高考真题再现】2021年新高考全国I卷】My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three wh
4、ole days,I workedin a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,41little bunny(兔 子)cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plantdowntown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44beyond lis
5、tening to my favorite records.Td 45 minimum wage.Td see how a factory 46My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their 47Our 48 in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.This was 50
6、than its o u n d s.5 j a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all alittle more high-pressure than Id 52.Dad 53.The son of a grocer,hed spent the summers of his childhood 54 food inBenardsville,New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dolla
7、rs you earned andrespect those who did the work,he told me.41.A.soldB.orderedC.madeD.reserved42.A.storesB.familiesC.schoolsD.citizens43.A.generousB.financialC.technicalD.temporary44.A.plansB.problemsC.excusesD.hobbies45.A.offerB.earnC.setD.suggest46.A.workedB.closedC.developedD.survived47.A.ambition
8、B.permissionC.experienceD.invitation48.A.joysB.ideasC.rolesD.choices49.A.SaveB.KeepC.StopD.Remove50.A.harderB.betterC.longerD.cheaper51.A.Calm downB.Slow downC.Stay onD.Move on52.A.indicatedB.witnessedC.expectedD.remembered53.A.criedB.smiledC.hesitatedD.refused54.A.tastingB.findingC.sharingD.deliver
9、ing55.A.withdrawB.donateC.receiveD.appreciate【答案】41.C 42.A 43.D44.A 45.B46.A 47.B 48.C49.D 50.A 51.B52.C 53.B54.D 55.D【解析】【41题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A.sold销售;B.ordered定制;C.made制作;D.reserved 预定。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving bel
10、t.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕,由此推知,这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。【42题】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A.stores商店;B.families家庭;C.schools学校;D.citizens市民。根据throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识,可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
11、【43题】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A.generous慷慨的;B.financial财政的;C.technical技术的;D.temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。【44题】考查名词词义辨析。句意:春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A.plans计划;B.problems问题;C.excuses借口;D.hobbies爱好。根据beyondlistening to my favorite re
12、cords”可知我没有其他计划。故选A.【45题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我挣的是最低工资。A.offer提供;B.earn挣得;C.set放置;D.suggest建议。根据minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。【46题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A.worked运作;B.closed关闭;C.developed发展;D.survived幸存。根据Id see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A,【47题】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意,并打电话给Betsy的父亲,得到了他们的同意
13、o A.ambition 抱负;B.permission 允许;C.experience 经历;D.invitation 邀请。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny from the belt.可知我们已经在工厂工作了,所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。【48题】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的任务很简单:把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A.joys欢
14、乐;B.ideas观点;C.roles任务;D.choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜)ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49 bunny fromthe belt.可知这是我们的任务。故选C【49题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的任务很简单:把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A.Save节省;B.Keep保持;C.Stop停止;D.Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。【50题】考
15、查形容词词义辨析。句意:这比听起来难多了。A.harder更难的;B.better更好的;C.longer更长的;D.cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A【51题】考查动词短语辨析。句意:慢一点,蛋糕就堆起来了。A.Cahn down平静下来;B.Slow down慢一点;C.Stay on继续停留;D.Move on往前走。根据and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点,就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。【52题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:正如我在第一个晚上晚餐上告诉父母的那样,一
16、切都比我预料的要紧张。A.indicated 表明;B witnessed 目击;C.expected 预料;D.remembered 记得。根据This was50 than it sounds.51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选 C。【53题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:父亲笑了。A.cried哭了;B.smiled微笑;C.hesitated犹豫;D.refused拒绝。根据The son of a grocer,hed spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Berna
17、rdsville,New Jersey.This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect thosewho did the work,he told me.”结合生活常识,可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获,联想到自己童年时类似的经历,父亲会心的笑了。故选B。【54题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A.tasting 品尝;B.finding 找到1;C.sharing 分享;D.delivering 送货。根据The
18、 son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故 选 D。【55题】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他告诉我,这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬,并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A.withdraw 撤退;B.donate 捐赠;C.receive 收至I ;D,appreciate 欣赏。根据the dollars youearned”结合生活常识,可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。【2019年高考全国I 卷】Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,th
19、e highest mountain in Africa.They_41_with them lots of waste.The_ 42_might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,Im _44_about the place-other destinations are described as“purer“naturalexperiences.However,!soon 45 that mu
20、ch has changed since the days of disturbing reports o f 46among tons of rubbish.I find a 47 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.Theenvironmental challenges are_48_but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seemto be_49_.The best of a Kilimanjaro 50,in my opinion,isnt
21、 reaching the top.Mountains are51_as spiritual places by many cultures.This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is arainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 m e t e r s,54 lands of low growing plants.Further up,theweat
22、her_55_一 low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I56 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland57_:gravel(砾 石),stones and rocks.58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanja
23、ro_60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining theatmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.a
24、dvocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away5().A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.s
25、cientistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up toD.giving way to55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.
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