2023年高考英语考点专项突破专题一阅读理解体裁01应用文（解析版）.pdf

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1、备战2023年高考英语考点专项突破目胭o躁。D语篇体裁主题内容2022年新高考卷A 篇I 卷应用文文学引用课的评分制度II卷应用文儿童博物馆团体游B 篇I 卷说明文实际行动减少食物浪费II卷记叙文新型阅读体验C 篇I 卷新闻报道养鸡提升老年人幸福感II卷说明文使 用 Textalyzer（短 信 监 控 器）的技术来监控司机在开车D 篇I 卷说明文饮食变化带来发音变化U卷说明文锻炼对于心脏的好处2022年全国卷A 篇乙卷应用文亨 利雷伯恩博士的画展甲卷应用文介绍Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所B 篇乙卷议论文书评甲卷说明文介绍一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉C 篇乙卷说明文无人机技术甲卷记叙文讲

2、述Ginni Balindon周游世界的经历D 篇乙卷说明文软饮料征税来解决儿童青少年健康问题甲卷夹叙夹议讲述悉尼在发展中面临的问题2021年新高考卷A 篇I 卷应用文人与社会：罗马的四个旅馆II卷应用文约克郡的四个活动B 篇I 卷记叙文人与社会：介绍钢琴翻页的职业II卷记叙文作者照顾老虎C 篇I 卷说明文人与自然：湿地破坏，保护环境n 卷记叙文捐资助学D 篇I 卷说明文人与自我：情商是品质还是技能n 卷说明文机器人监测牧牛的健康状况2021全国卷A 篇乙卷说明文介绍世界上著名的大型竞技场甲卷应用文讲述摄影比赛的相关情况B 篇乙卷说明文介绍澳大利亚的固定电话的使用情况甲卷说明文讲述保护区的黑犀

3、牛的情况C 篇乙卷说明文利用塑料垃圾制作大型雕塑作品，变费为宝甲卷记叙文讲述作者搬到伦敦的经历D 篇乙卷说明文讲述分贝对人影响甲卷议论文论 述“谁是天才”侬雨高考应用文命题特点及阅读技巧高考阅读理解非常贴近生活、贴近时代，密切联系实际，题材、体裁多样化。尽可能在接近真实的阅读环境中考查考生对不同题材、体裁的阅读理解能力。分析不同体裁的命题特点以及解题技巧。下面分析应用文的命题特点和阅读技巧。一、应用文的命题特点现在是信息爆炸时代，报纸、电视、互连网等媒体上的广告铺天盖地，我们在日常生活中随处可以见到形形色色的广告。我们面临升学、就业、旅游、购房等问题时都会想到广告，希望能从各种广告中获取有用信

4、息，实现我们的愿望，解决实际的生活、工作等问题。因此，高考命题人十分注重考查考生对广告等应用文体的阅读能力，这也是一种运用所学语言知识解决实际问题的能力。1 .题材多样、注重实用广告的题材涉及邮购商品、学术活动、杂志销售、大学简介、职位招聘、旅游观光等方面，题材十分丰富，而且与实际生活联系紧密。2 .语言地道、简洁明了1）简单句多，复杂句少。广告所用语言较简洁，多采用简单句，句型结构较为复杂的长、难句很少，因此读上去比较容易。例如：E v e r y o n e,y o u n g a n d o l d,e n j o y s a n d c h a l l e n g e o f q u

5、i z z e r s.T h e T r a v e l e r w i l l g i v e y o u a n e w s e t o f d i r e c t i o n s.P r i n c e t o n h a s a b o u t 7 0 0 f u l l-t i m e f a c u l t y m e m b e r s.2）多采用短语、省略句。广告多采用非完整句，短语、省略很常见，更加有效地传达信息。例如：B a y 3-p i e c e l u g g a g e s e t f o r o n l y 6 9.9 98 G a m e s o f H a

6、 n g m a n F o r t u n e T e l l e r G a m e s,1 0-d i g i t c a l c u l a t o r,l o n g l i f e c e l l b a t t e r i e s i n c l u d e d E x c e l l e n t t e a c h e r t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m s.3.设题灵活、筛选信息。广告的设题方式主要有：1）理解写作意图这样的题目要求考生能理解作者的写作目的、主旨大意以及广告的体裁特点。例如：W h a t s t h e p u r p o s e

7、 o f t h e t e x t?A l l t h e s e a d v e r t i s e m e n t s a r e a i m e d a t t h o s e.2）获取文中信息有关广告的阅读试题大部分为这类题目，要求考生读懂文中的关键信息。例如：A c c o r d i n g t o t h i s a d v e r t i s e m e n t,a t t h e F o r u m p e o p l e .W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g m a g a z i n e s i s p u b l i s h e

8、 d m o n t h l y?3）理解深层含义这类题目要求考生理解某一句话的深层含义，也就是透过字里行间，读懂它的言外之意。例如：“S p a c e i s l i m i t e d,s o e a r l y r e g i s t r a t i o n i s w e l c o m e”m e a n s.二、应用文的解题技巧1.先看问题，再读文章做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利弊，应视具体情况而定。就阅读广告而言，还是先看问题比较好，因为广告类的试题绝大部分是寻找信息的题目，大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读

9、，这样就可以节约不少时间。2.抓住广告的标题如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就成了很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。3.逐项比较，得出最佳做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。Passage 1（2022,全国高考甲卷真题）Theatres and Enterta

10、inmentSt Davids HallSt Davids Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiffsentertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall,St Davids Hall is home to the annual WelshProms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment,including pop,rock,folk,

11、jazz,musicals,dance,world music,filmsand classical music.The Hayes,Cardiff CF10 1AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukThe Glee ClubEvery weekend this is“Wales“premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for bothaudiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasnt been

12、 on the stage here.If you arelooking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music,you should start here.Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF10 5BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffSherman CymruSherman Cymrus theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This special building is aplac

13、e in which theatre is made and where children,artists,writers and anyone else have the opportunity（机会）todo creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre,dance,family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.Senghennydd Road,Cardiff CF24 4

14、YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNew TheatreThe New Theatre has been the home of quality drama,musicals,dance and childrens shows for more than100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UKs touring shows,the New Theatre isCardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to

15、pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.Park Place,Cardiff CF10 3LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?A.At the New Theatre.B.At the Glee Club.C.At Sherman Cymru.D.At St Davids Hall.22.What can people do at the Glee Club?A.Watch musicals.B.Enjoy comedies.C.See

16、family shows.D.Do creative things.23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiffs oldest surviving theatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk【答案】21.D 22.B 23.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。21.细节理解题。根据文章“St

17、Davids Hall”部分中的St Davids Hall is home to the annual Welsh PromsCardiff（St Davids Hall 是 Cardiff 一年一度的 Welsh Proms 的举办地）“可知，Cardiff 的 Welsh Proms 活动在St Davids Hall 举办。故选 D。22.细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour andbrilliant live music,you should start here（

18、如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始）”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。23.细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama,musicians,dance and childrens shows for more than 100 years（100 多年来，New Theatre 一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地）”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.new

19、theatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。Passage 2（2022全国新高考 II 卷真题）Childrens Discovery MuseumGeneral Information about Group PlayPricingGroup Play$7/personScholarshipsWe offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability.Participation ina post-visit survey is

20、 required.Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation.Transportation invoices（发票）must bereceived within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.Group SizeWe require one chaperone（监护人）per ten children.Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in anextra char

21、ge of$50 per absent adult.Group Play is fbr groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people.For groups of 35 or more,please call todiscuss options.HoursThe Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.Registration PolicyRegistratio

22、n must be made at least two weeks in advance.Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.Once the registration form is received and processed,we will send a confirmation email within two businessdays.GuidelinesTeachers and chaperones should mo

23、del good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.21.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?

24、A.Prepay the admission fees.B.Use the Museums transportation.C.Take a survey after the visit.D.Schedule their visit on weekdays.22.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.23.What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?A.Using

25、 the computer.B.Talking with each other.C.Touching the exhibits.D.Exploring the place alone.【答案】21.C 22.C 23.D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。21.细节理解题。根据 Scholarship 标题下“We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations,subject to availability.Participation in a post-visit survey

26、 is required 我们会视情况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷）“可知，如果一个团体获得J奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项C-Take a survey after the visit.（接受参观后的问卷调查）”属于同义替换，故选C。22.细节理解题。根据“Group Size标题下We require one chaperone（监护人）per ten children/我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人）可知，10个孩子需要I 个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3 个监护人。故选Co2 3.细节理解题。根据“Guidelines标题下Child

27、ren are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of theMuseum.（无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域）”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项D“Exploring the place alone.（独自探索博物馆）”属于同义替换，故选D。Passage 3（2022全国高考乙卷真题）Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life an

28、d work of Scotlands best loved painter,SirHenry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first major exhibitionof his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.

29、They are heldin the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.,15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn s English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.,13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation inRaeburn s PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist

30、s Training in the18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.,13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday一 Saturday 10.00 17.45 Sunday 12.00 17.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:24-26 December and 1 January.Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted f

31、ree.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up to and includingthose at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.21.What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thur

32、s.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.23.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with the

33、m.【答案】21.B 22.B 23.C【解析】这是篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。2 1.细节理解题。根据表格右上角Raeburns English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct.（10月 3 0 日星期四）”可知，在 10月 3 0 日星期四可以去参加Raeburns English Contemporaries0故选B 项。22.细节理解题。根据 Admission 部分“4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted fre

34、e.（4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。）”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两 个 12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8 英镑。故选B 项。23.细节理解题。根据最后一段A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-timeeducation,up to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.（所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教

35、师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2 英镑的特别低入场费。）“可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C 项。Passage 4（2022全国新高考 I 卷）Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Ess

36、ay I=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course.All the assignments willbe submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings

37、and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings ortests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is importantto take careful notes during class.Additiona

38、lly,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed inclass or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it isnot turned in by the 4th day aft

39、er the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during classwill get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.22.How many parts is a

40、 students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.【答案】21.C 22.B 23.A【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。21.推理判断题

41、。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature(文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)“可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C 项。22.细节理解题。根据黑体小标题Essays(60%),Group Assignments(30%)”和“Daily Work/

42、ln-Class Writingsand Tests/Groups Work/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3 部分组成。故选B 项。23.推理判断题。根据Late Work”部分If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4 天上交，将会得到零分)“可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A 项。Passage 1 （2022江西一模）From grand museum openings to music,art and t

43、heatre,these are the coolest new things happening anywherethis year.Look around an odd stars living roomParis,FranceThis townhouse,where the controversial French singer Serge Gainsbourg spent the last 20 years of his life,has been completely closed off to the public since Gainsbourgs death in 1991,b

44、ut next spring itll finally open asa museum.The main attraction will be Serges famously odd living area,with its huge collection of sculptures.Get lost in the world of Hans Christian AndersenOdense,DenmarkJust 90 minutes by train from Copenhagen,Odense is best known as the birthplace of Christian An

45、dersen,and its now home to the new HCA Museum.With its biographical exhibits and inanimate projects that come alive,this thoroughly fun museum would have delighted the“Little Mermaid and“Snow Queen“author himself.Check out King Tut*s enormous new padGiza,EgyptWhen it finally opens in November 2022,t

46、he Grand Egypt Museum will be the biggest museum in the worldfor a single civilization.Costing$1 billion,this museum will be about the size of the Louvre in Paris.Mostimportantly,this will be the first time that all 5,000 pieces of King Tufs treasure will be displayed in the sameplace.Discover a cul

47、tural jewel at the heart of EuropeNovi Sad,SerbiaSerbias second-largest city will wear the crown of European Capital of Culture for the year.Ever fanciedchecking out of an exhibition in an abandoned pasta factory?The Mlin Cultural Station awaits.Novi Sads uniquearchitecture and history have long mad

48、e it a major destination.1.Which place can you go to take a dip into literature?A.Paris in France.B.Giza in Egypt.C.Odense in Denmark.D.Novi Sad in Serbia.2.What is special about the Grand Egypt Museum?A.It will be the biggest museum worldwide.B.It will be bigger than the Louvre in France.C.It will

49、be open again since its close in 1991.D.It will exhibit 5,000 pieces of King Tuls wealth.3.Which has its checkout at an abandoned factory?A.The Mlin Cultural Station.B.The HCA Museum.C.The Grand Egypt Museum.D.Serge Gainsbourgs Museum.【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了 2022年几件值得去做的事情。1.细节理解题。根据第二则活动内

50、容“Just 90 minutes by train from Copenhagen,Odense is best known as thebirthplace of Christian Andersen,and its now home to the new HCA Museum.With its biographical exhibits andinanimate projects that come alive,this thoroughly fun museum would have delighted the“Little Mermaid and“Snow QueenM author