2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点4--主旨要义之段落大意--练模拟--熟能生巧（教师版）.pdf

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1、2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点4-主旨要义之段落大意-练模拟-热能生1 51.12022届辽宁省实验中学高考考前模拟训练】Could J.K.Rowling please leave Harry Potter in peace?2010 was a good time to move on.We all know thatHarry Potters last adventures hit the bookstore in 2007,and three years later the Warner Bros adaptations rantheir course in cinema,to

2、o.For many fans,the young wizard had worked his magic through most of theirchildhood.But in 2018,a new Hany Potter extended universe film,Fantastic Beasts,.The Crime ofGrindelwald,was out.I love Hany Potter series and I always will.Its all there in my memory:I remember the first delight atreading Mr

3、.and Mrs.Dursley,of number four,Privet drive,were proud to say that they were perfectly normal”.The wizarding treasure hunt,thrown by my parents for my ninth birthday with my dad dressed as Hagrid in thegarden,was so clear in my mind.I remember deciphering（破译）my copy of the Deathly Hallows,the first

4、 book Iread in English,and having to check the French fbr“wand”.The 2001 trip to the cinema to see Philosopher sStone,and all the ones that followed are kept clearly.However,someone needs to call a halt to the endless afterlife of Potters fictional universe.It was enough inthe seven books and eight

5、films.We didnt and dont need a community website,a theatre play,the printed scriptof said movie,and even more movies.Rowling has created 21 sl-century modern literary classic.I always look up to her as the textbook classy writer:respectfully drawing attention from readers,successful but wise enough

6、to withdraw.She also cares much aboutthe causes she holds dear.In 2011 alone,she donated 16%of her net worth to charities.Of all contemporaryauthors who hit gold,Rowling remains one of the very most inspirational.The saddest thing is that Rowling helped with the writing of the Cursed Child.She regul

7、arly“revealed”newdetails about Potter?s magical world on Twitter.Today,I decided to give up:I dont follow Rowling on Twitter.Idont want to see the new film.Thank you,Joanne Kathleen Rowling.I have enough valued storiesI dont neednew ones any more.4.The last book of Harry Potter series was published

8、in.A.2007 B.2010 C.2011 D.20175.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the a u t h o r.A.felt rather easy to understand Harry Potter seriesB.was quiet fond of Harry Potter series and its filmsC.read Hany Potter series with the help of his parentsD.missed the time of watching Harry Potter movies with his

9、 parents6.What does the underlined phrase“all a halt C o“in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Share.B.Appreciate.C.Stop.D.Change.7.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A.The talent J.K.Rowling has.B.The authors praise for J.K.Rowling.C.The influence of J.K.Rowlings works.D.The authors expectations of J

10、.K.Rowling.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中表达了自己对 哈利 波 特系列书籍和电影的喜爱，但同时希望停止对这部经典作品的继续编写和拍摄。4.细节理解题。根据第一段关键句We all know that Hany Potters last adventures hit the bookstore in 2007,and three years later the Warner Bros adaptations ran their course in cinema,too.（我们都知道，哈利波特最后的冒险于2007年在书店发售，三年后，华纳兄弟改

11、编的电影也在电影院上映。）可知，哈利 波 特 系列的最后一本书于2007年在书店发售，由此可知，哈利波特系列的最后一本书出版于2007年。故选A项。5.推理判断题。根据第二段关键句I love Harry Potter series and I always will.（我喜欢 哈利波特系 歹!J,我永远都会喜欢。）和“The 2001 trip to the cinema to see Philosopher s Stone,and all the ones that followed arekept clearly.-（2001年去电影院看 哈利波特与魔法石以及随后的所有该系列电影的经过都

12、被清楚地保存了下来。）可知，作者喜欢 哈利波特系列的书籍，也喜欢看书籍改编成的电影，由此可知，从第二段可以看出，作者非常喜欢 哈利波特系列书籍及其电影。故选B 项。6.词义猜测题。根据画线短语下句“It was enough in the seven books and eight films.We didnt and dont needa community website,a theatre play,the printed script of said movie,and even more movies.（七本书和八部电影已经足够了。我们过去和现在都不需要一个社区网站，一部戏剧，上述电

13、影的印刷剧本，甚至更多的电影。）可知，作者认为 哈利波特系列的七本书和八部电影已经足够了，不再需要其他的改编，甚至更多的电影了，由此可知，画线短语所在句指的是有人需要叫停波特虚构宇宙的无尽来世，“Stop”意为“（使）停下，停止“，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C 项。7.主旨大意题。根据第四段关键句Rowling has created 21 s,-century modern literary classic.”（罗琳创造了21 世纪的现代文学经典。）和“In 2011 alone,she donated 16%of her net worth to charities.Of

14、all contemporaryauthors who hit gold,Rowling remains one of the very most inspirational.”（仅在 2011 年，她就将自己净资产的 16%捐给了慈善机构。在所有获得金奖的当代作家中，罗琳仍然是最鼓舞人心的作家之一。）可知，作者在第四段中介绍罗琳创造了 21世纪的现代文学经典，并且她热衷慈善，是最鼓舞人心的作家之一，由此可知，第四段主要介绍的是作者对J.K.罗琳的赞扬。故选B 项。2.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高等学校招生全国统一考试临考卷（B）】Landslides of ash,gas and rock

15、 that flow out downhill during volcanic eruptions may be even moredangerous than scientists had realized.Laboratory and field measurements show pulses of high pressure form within these slides,known aspyroclastic（火山碎屑的）flows.Those pressures can be far stronger,and more destructive,than disasterevalu

16、ations typically assume.4Ifs not a small difference,says Cert Lube,a volcanologist at Massey Universityin Palmerston North,New Zealand.Conventional disaster evaluations might suggest a certain flow will only burstwindows,but he says,When actually,the pressures are so strong,they knock down the walls

17、 of the building.Pyroclastic flows are the deadliest volcanic disaster,in part because of the pressures they cause.Due to theirviolent nature,researchers often have to evaluate average pressures in the flows using computer simulations（模拟）based on measurements of geologic deposits left by past flows.

18、At Massey University in Palmerston North,New Zealand,researchers freed mixtures of hot rock,ash and gasdown a channel to copy volcanic landslides known as pyroclastic flows.These pyroclastic flows have an innerrhythm（节奏）that makes them especially destructive.To directly study the inner workings of t

19、hese forces ofnature,Lube and colleagues reproduced smaller versions of the flows in experiments,measuring the destructivepower.That let the team calculate the pressures inside the flows.The researchers also analyzed the firstmeasurements of pressures in natural flows,collected in 2019,when pyroclas

20、tic flows burst from the Whakaarivolcano and swallowed a set of sensors.To the researchers?surprise,pressures in the flows shook rhythmically.These pressure pulses wouldsuccessively damage barriers like blows from an electric drill,Lube says.The pulses sometimes smashed morethan three times as hard

21、as the average pressure evaluates typically suggested by conventional simulations.8.Why do researchers use computers to simulate pyroclastic flows?A.To find out their inner rhythm.B.To evaluate their violent nature.C.To figure out their average pressures.D.To copy the scene of volcanic landslides.9.

22、What does the fourth paragraph focus on?A.How to prepare simulation experiment.B.How to carry out the simulation experiment.C.Why to conduct the simulation experiment.D.Why to measure the inner rhythm of pyroclastic flows.10.What docs the underlined word smashed“in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Crashed.B.Bombe

23、d.C.Conflicted.D.Increased.11.Whats the most suitable title for the text?A.A Well-known Landslide B.The Deadliest Volcanic DisasterC.More Destructive Pyroclastic Flows D.A Pyroclastic Flows Simulation Experiment【答案】8.C9.BIO.A ll.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了火山碎屑流的实际破坏性可能比科学家以前认为的更严重，并且通过模拟实验证明了这一点。8.细节理解题。根据第三

24、段中“Due to their violent nature,researchers often have to evaluate average pressuresin the flows using computer simulations（模拟）based on measurements of geologic deposits left by past flows.（由于其剧烈的性质，研究人员经常不得不使用计算机模拟来评估流体中的平均压力，该模拟是基于过去流体留下的地质沉积物的测量结果）可知，研究人员要用计算机来模拟火山碎屑流是为了计算他们的平均压力。故选C。9.主旨大意题。根据第四段

25、“At Massey University in Palmerston North,New Zealand,researchers freedmixtures of hot rock,ash and gas down a channel to copy volcanic landslides known as pyroclastic flows.Thesepyroclastic flows have an inner rhythm（节奏）that makes them especially destructive.To directly study the innerworkings of t

26、hese forces of nature,Lube and colleagues reproduced smaller versions of the flows in experiments,measuring the destructive power.That let the team calculate the pressures inside the flows.The researchers alsoanalyzed the first measurements of pressures in natural flows,collected in 2019,when pyrocl

27、astic flows burstfrom the Whakaari volcano and swallowed a set of sensors.（在新西兰北帕默斯顿的梅西大学，研究人员将热岩石、火山灰和气体的混合物释放到一条通道中，复制火山滑坡，即火山碎屑流。这些火山碎屑流有一种内在的节奏，使它们特别具有破坏性。为了直接研究这些自然力量的内部运作，Lube和同事们在实验中重现了更小版本的流动，测量其破坏力。这样团队就可以计算出气流内部的压力。研究人员还分析了 2019年收集的自然流动压力的首次测量数据，当时火山碎屑流从瓦卡瑞火山爆发，吞没了一组传感器）”可知，第四段的主旨是如何进行模拟实验

28、。故选B。10.词句猜测题。根据第五段中“These pressure pulses would successively damage barriers like blows from anelectric drill,Lube says.”可知，这些压力脉冲会像电钻一样不断地破坏障碍物，故画线词所在句表示脉冲有时碰撞的压力是常规模拟中估计的平均压力的三倍以上。故画线词意思是“撞 击 故 选 A。11.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Laboratory and field measurements show pulses of high pressure fonn withinthese sli

29、des,known as pyroclastic（火山碎屑的）flows.Those pressures can be far stronger,and more destructive,than disaster evaluations typically assume.（实验室和现场测量显示，这些滑梯中形成了高压脉冲，称为火山碎屑流。这些压力可能比灾难评估通常认为的更强，更具破坏性）”结合文章说明了火山碎屑流的实际破坏性可能比科学家以前认为的更严重，并且通过模拟实验证明了这一点。可知，C 选项“更具破坏性的火山碎屑流”最符合文章标题。故选C。3.12022届吉林省长春市普通高等学校招生全国

30、统一考试临考卷（A）】New York-based Ecovative has been creating environmentally friendly packaging made from mushroomsand agricultural waste since 2009.Now,the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes andoffices with a new line of compostable（可堆 月 巴 的）furnishings that are grown using just thre

31、e materials:mycelium（the vegetative part of mushrooms）,hemp（麻类植物）,and salt.While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical,the companys CEO Eben Bayer says itis a relatively low-tech process and compares it to“making bread”.The company begins by adding a fewmycelium cells to damp hem

32、p or other agricultural waste.The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everythingis“glued together.The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold（模具）where itcontinues to grow and harden.The resulting material is then baked in the oven.I

33、n addition to making it as strongas wood,the heat also kills the mycelium,thus giving the compostable material a similar shelflife to wood.Also,though the table tops of the stylish Tafl and Kings tables released at the recently held Biofabricate2016 conference in New York City resemble marble,they a

34、re far from it.The perfectly carved blocks are made ofa material grown by a North Carolina-based company named bioMASON using grains of sands and bacteria.As you have probably guessed,this waste-free furniture does not come cheap.Customers can expect to payanywhere from$249 USD for the Tafl to$699 U

35、SD for the Kings table,both of which are only available inlimited quantities.Those that cannot afford those prices can choose cheaper GIY（grow it yourself）ones made ofvarious products ranging from Christmas tree decorations to lamp shades.12.Why did Eben compare making hard materials to making bread

36、?A.Their raw materials are the same.C.Their production processes are simple.13.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The method of making mushrooms hard.B.Their product appearances are alike.D.Their production costs are relatively low.B.How to make mushroom furniture materials.C.What are needed to make

37、 mushroom furniture.D.The difficulties of making mushroom furniture.14.What can we learn about Tafl and Kings tables?A.They are in limited supply.B.They are offered in GIY forms.C.They consist mainly of marble.D.They are designed by bioMASON.15.What is the best title for the text?A.The Invention of

38、New Kinds of FurnitureB.The First Sale of Furniture Made of MushroomsC.Scientists Found New Material to Make FurnitureD.Future Furniture May Be Grown from Mushrooms【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了氏ovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。1 2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“While creating hard material from mushrooms might s

39、ound magical,thecompany CEO Eben Bayer says it is a relatively low-tech process and compares it to“making bread”.（虽然用蘑菇制造硬材料听起来很神奇，但该公司首席执行官Eben Bayer表示，这是一种技术含量相对较低的过程，并将其比作“制 作 面 包 可 知，Eben将制作硬质材料比作制作面包因为他们的生产过程很简单。故选Co1 3.主旨大意题。根据第三段“The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist w

40、ith the waste untileverything is“glued“together.The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold（模具）where it continues to grow and harden.The resulting material is then baked in the oven.In addition to making it asstrong as wood,the heat also kills the mycelium,thus giving the co

41、mpostable material a similar shelf life to wood.（菌丝体长得像小茸毛，可以和废料一起扭动，直到所有东西都“粘”在一起。然后将混合物再次混合，放入想要的模具中，继续生长和硬化。然后将得到的材料放入烤箱烘烤。除了使其像木材一样坚固外，高温还会杀死菌丝，从而使这种可降解材料的保质期与木材相似广可知，第三段主要讲的是如何制作蘑菇家具材料。故选B。14.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Customers can expect to pay anywhere from$249 USD for the Tafl to$699USD for the Kings ta

42、ble,both of which are only available in limited quantities.（顾客可以支付 249 美元的 Tafl到 699美元的Kings tables,这两种都是限量供应的）”可知，Tafl和 Kings tables供应有限。故选A。15.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now,the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and officeswith a new line of compostable（可堆月巴的）furnishings that are grown us

43、ing just three materials:mycelium（thevegetative part of mushrooms）,hemp（麻类植物）,and salt.（现在，该公司希望将他们的神奇材料带入家庭和办公室，他们推出了一-种新的可堆肥家具系列，这种家具只使用三种材料生长：菌 丝（蘑菇的营养部分）、麻类植物和盐）结合文章主要介绍了 Ecovative公司用蘑菇研发制造了一种未来新型环保家具。可知，D 选项“未来的家具可能是从蘑菇中生长出来的“最符合文章标题。故选Do4.【2022届湖北省武汉市高三五月模拟试题（二）】The city of Venice,Italy,has fi

44、nally made a long-awaited decision.Starting on August 1,2021,cruiseships（游轮）will no longer be allowed to enter the citys waters.Contrary to popular opinion,these cruise ship visitors contribute relatively little to the local tourism economy.The New York Times reported cruise ship passengers amount t

45、o 73%of visitors,but contribute a mere 18%oftourism dollars.?,The percentage is inverted for people who spend at least one night at a hotel;they represent14%of visitors,but 48%of the business.Many people are overjoyed by the news,especially environmental activists.Firstly,he cruise ships woulddistur

46、b the waterways and erode（侵蚀）the foundations of already weak buildings.A 2019 study published inNature found the waves created by large ships could redistribute industrial pollutants already present in thewaters.Others have said these same waves carve huge holes in the underwater bottoms of building

47、s,makingthem unstable.Furthermore,when canals are deepened in order to allow larger boats,it destroys coastal habitatsand makes floods worse.This is part of the reason why,in recent years,Venice has experienced tenible floodingthat completely flooded St.Marks Square and other landmarks.The announcem

48、ent came as a surprise as many did not expect the regional government to act so swiftly.InApril a projected ban was issued,but it depended on finding an alternative port for the ships-a requirement thatlocal people complained could take years to achieve.The announcement made last week,however,did aw

49、ay withthat condition,allowing the city to move forward quickly with the ban.Hopefully,more travelers are also realizing industrial-style tourism is a terrible way to travel for manyreasons.It?s not unlike industrial agriculture and fast fashion in that its goal is to force as many sights,landmarks,

50、and countries into as tight a schedule as possible,for as little money as possible.Its concentration on convenienceerodes human connections,preservation of meaningful spots that make travel so valuable in the first place.8.What does the underlined word“inverted”mean in Paragraph 2?A.Increased slight