初二英语语法和练习题.pdf
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1、初二英语语法和练习题容 预 览:八年级上英语语法点滴1)leave的用法l .leave+地点表示“离开某地”。例 如:When did you leaveShanghai?你什么时候离开上海的?2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例 如:Next Friday,Alice is leaving for London.下 周 五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave+地点+for+地点,表示离开某地去某地”。例 如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京?2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用should作为情
2、态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例 如:How should I know?我怎么知道?Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚?should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例 如:We should helpeach other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点:1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例 如:You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例 如:You should go to the doc
3、tor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例 如:We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。3)What.?与 Which.?l .w hat与which都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?该句相当于:What does your father do?What is your fathers
4、 job?Which指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:Which isPeter?哪个是皮特?The boy behind M ary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What.?是 泛 指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which.?是 特 指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:What color do you like b e s t?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?Which color do you like best,blue,green or yellow?(有特定的范围)你最喜爰哪一种颜色?3.what与 which后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which pictures are f
5、rom China?哪些图片来自中国?4)频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直)usually(通常)often(常常,经常)sometimes(有时候)never(从不)2.频度副词的位置:a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:David isoften arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如:We usually go to school at 7:10every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:Sometimes I walk home,som
6、etime I rides a bike.有时我步彳亍回家,有时我骑自行车。3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never haveI been there.5)every day 与 everyday1.every d a y 作状语,译为“每一天。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天 7:10 去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2.everyday作定语,译为“日常的。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭
7、后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么?6)什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)o被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例 如:He doesnt likeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:a.表示时态,例 如:He is singing,他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态,例 如:He was sent
8、to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句,例 如:Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这J L之前学过英语吗?d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例 如:I dont likeh i m.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气,例 如:Do come to the party tomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would7)
9、forget doing/to do 与 remember doing/to dol.forget to d o忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget d o in g忘记做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.另!忘了明天来。(tocome动作未做)典型例题-The light in
10、 the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.havingturned it off答 案:Co由the light is still o n可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth而forget doing s t h表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。2.remember to d o记得去做某事remember d o in g记得做过某事(未做)(已做)Remember to go to the post
11、office after school己着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?8)Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1-for sb,常用于表TJX事 物 的 特 征 特 点,表小客观形式的形容词,如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等:Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.o fs b的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品 德,表示主观感情 或 态 度 的 形 容 词
12、,如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoIts very nice of you to help m e.你 来 帮 助 我,你真是太好了。3.for与o f的 辨 别 方 法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不 通 则 用for。如:You are n ic e.(通 顺,所 以 应 用of)。Heis h a rd.(人 是 困 难 的,不 通,因 此 应 用foro)9)对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例 如:句 子:Th
13、e boy in blue has three pens.提 问:l.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再 如:句 子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 onSunday.提 问:l.Who usually goes to the park with his fri
14、ends at 8:00on Sunday?2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 onSunday?3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 onSunday?4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 onSunday?5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friendson Sunday?6.When does he usually go to
15、 the park with his friends?10)so、such与不定冠词的使用l.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连 用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。*It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如:He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing
16、 at nine oclock last night.2.在 there be 结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in theriver.3.在 have fun/problems 结构中。:We have fun learningEnglish this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下结构中:enjoy doing sthfinish do
17、ing sthfeel like doing sthstop doing sthforget doing sthgo on doing sth乐于做某事完成做某事想要做某事停止做某事忘记做过某事继续做某事记得做过某事喜欢做某事使某人一直做某事发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某try doing sth试图做某事remember doing sthlike doing sthkeep sb doing sthfind sb doing sth事need doing sthprefer doing sthmind doing sthpra
18、ctice doing sthbe busy doing sthcant help doing sthmiss doing sth需要做某事宁愿做某事介意做某事练习做某事忙于做某事禁不住做某事错过做某事12)英语中的“单数1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如:he,she,itmy friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marysuncle2名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:man(单 数)-m en(复数)banana(单 数)bananas(复 数)3动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分 词,过 去 式,过去分词。如:gog
19、oesgoingwentgoneworkworksworkingworkedworkedwatchwatcheswatchingwatchedwatched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.12)英语中的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he.she,it”代替的。如:he,she,itmy friend,
20、his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marysuncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:man(单数)men(复数)banana(单数)bananas(复数)3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:gogoesgoingwentgoneworkworksworkingworkedworkedwatchwatcheswatchingwatchedwatched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher
21、 is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I 名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pearpears hamburgerhamburgersdeskdesks tree-trees2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词,词 尾 力 口-es。如:classclasses dishdisheswatchwatches box-boxes3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:potatopotatoes
22、tomatotomatoesNegroNegroes heroheroes4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:family-families dictionarydictionariescitycities countrycountries5以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:halfhalvesleafleavesthiefthievesknifeknivesselfselveslifelivesshelfshelveswifewiveswolfwolvesloafloaves但 是:scarfscarves(fes)roofro
23、ofsserfserfs gulfgulfschiefchiefs proofproofsbeliefbeliefsI I名词复数的不规则变化1.将-oo 改为-ee。如:footfeet toothteeth2.将-man改为-men。如:manmen womanwomenpolicemanpolicemen postmanpostmen3.添加词尾。如:childchildren4.单复数同形。如:sheepsheep deer-deerfishfish peoplepeople5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加 后 面 如:ChineseChinese
24、 JapaneseJapaneseSwissSwissEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericansAustralianAustraliansCanadianCanadiansRussianRussians6.其它。如:mousemiceKoreanKoreansIndianIndiansapple treeapple treesman teachermen teachers14)双写最后一个字母的-ing分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些:Lletletting让hithittingcut-cuttinggetgettingsitsi
25、ttingforget-forgettingput-puttingset-settingbabysiWbabysitting2.shop-shoppingtrip-trippingstop-stopping打、撞切、割取、得到坐忘记放设置临时受雇照顾婴儿购物绊停止放弃旅游游泳drop-dropping3.travel-*travel(l)ingswim-swimmingrun-running 跑digdigging 挖、掘begin-beginning 开始prefer-preferring 宁愿plan-planning 计 戈!J15)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词l.some 变为
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