建筑电气施工常用基础知识(入门).pdf

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1、建筑电气施工常用基础知识（入门）建筑电气施工一、特性参量术语1.额定电压一一在规定的使用和性能的条件下能连续运行的最高电压，并以它确定高压开关设备的有关试验条件。2.额定电流一一在规定的正常使用和性能条件下，高压开关设备主回路能够连续承载的电流数值。3.额定频率一一在规定的正常使用和性能条件下能连续运行的电网频率数值，并以它和额定电压、额定电流确定高压开关设备的有关试验条件。4.额定电流开断电流一一在规定条件下，断路器能保证正常开断的最大短路电流。5.额定短路关合电流一一在额定电压以及规定使用和性能条件下，开关能保证正常开断的电大短路峰值电流。6.额定短时耐受电流（额定热稳定电流）一一在规定的

2、使用和性能条件下，在确定的短时间内，开关在闭合位置所能承载的规定电流有效值。7.额定峰值耐受电流（额定热稳定电流）一一在规定的使用和性能条件下，开关在闭合位置所能耐受的额定短时耐受电流第一个大半波的峰值电流。8.额定短路持续时间（额定动稳定时间）一一开关在合位置所能承载额定短时耐受电流的时间间隔。9.温升一一开关设备通过电流时各部位的温度与周围空气温度的差值。10.功率因数（回路的）一一开关设备开合试验回路的等效回路，在工频下的电阻与感抗之比，不包括负荷的阻抗。11.额定短时工频耐受电压一一按规定的条件和时间进行试验时，设备耐受的工频电压标准值（有效值）。12.额定操作（雷电）冲击耐受电压一一

3、在耐压试验时，设备绝缘能耐受的操作（雷电）冲击电压的标准值。二、术语L 操作一一动触头从一个位置转换至另一个位置的动作过程。2.分（闸）操作一一开关从台位置转换到分位置的操作。3.合（闸）操作一一开关从分位置转换换到合位置的操作。4.“合分”操作一一开关合后，无任何有意延时就立即进行分的操作。5.操作循环一一从一个位置转换到另一个装置再返回到初始位置的连续操作；如有多位置，则需通过所有的其他位置。6.操作顺序一一具有规定时间间隔和顺序的一连串操作。7.自动重合（闸）操作一一开关分后经预定时间自动再次合的操作顺序。8.关合（接通）一一用于建立回路通电状态的合操作。9 .开断（分断）一一在通电状态

4、下，用于回路的分操作。10.自动重关合一一在带电状态下的自动重合（闸）操作。11.开合一一开断和关合的总称。12.短路开断一一对短路故障电流的开断。culture and entertainment venues,fitness centers,has a goodecological environment,job security measures）,these requirements arevery straightforward,specific standards,also has a clear direction,more easily by a superior examin

5、ation.Poverty assessment is to look atthe per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is.Yuan,higher standards is poverty.Superior acceptance to entrust athird party institution from Houseimplementation.After acceptance,alsothrough spot checks,visits,telephone surveys looking activities.

6、Thismeans that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for povertyalleviation through acceptance,which we put forward higher requirementsfor poverty eradication.Therefore,the County Office for povertyalleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard.To implement the gridmanagement model,int

7、egrating poverty alleviation into grid management,and“make a heart activity combined package of leading cadres implementmonitoring systems for poverty alleviation,each poor householdsidentified a package cost.In this regard,you can design a form,indicating the poor basic causes,current income,povert

8、y,supportmeasures,implementation of support measures,through helping income,annual revenue.From now on,protection officers working households,household-by-place.When the examination,which the poor don，t have timeto get out of poverty,and holding people accountable.Third,onenvironmental protection in

9、 construction of ecological civilization isthe focus on one of the six battle this year.Xian Wei proposed to build“green mountains and beautiful,happy and harmonious7/n e w.Target,which is the basis of environmental protection.Do well environmentalprotection work,we keep the side of the mountains,no

10、r to the masses tocreate a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming andraising living and working environment.Last year,we got good gradesthe environmental work,atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city toobtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs,in accordance withthe“chann

11、el,use the same,and use principle,the implementation ofproject planning,funding and manpower arrangements,avoidingduplication of inputs and waste of resources,effective integration ofpoverty relief funds.Here to remind everyone that bundleintegration-related funds,aims to concentrate financial resou

12、rces forbig undertakings.Authorities do not think that has less autonomy,pursuing the deregulation of work.This year on the amount of funds onfighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previousyear.and.respectively.I n this regard,the financial Departmentto dispatch in a timely mann

13、er,analyses relevant departments strive for.(E)to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities.Of villagelevel evaluation is very clear,that is,“five-ten (five-way path,power,through water,through radio,television,information;Ten thehanlaobaoshou fields,rich projects,Office kitchen,health servi

14、ces,sanitation system,pre-school education,13.短路关合一一对短路故障电流的关合。14.近区故障开断一一对近区故障短路电流的开断。15.触头开距一一分位置时，开关的一极各触头之间或具连接的任何导电部分之间的总间隙。16.行 程 触 头 的 一一分、合操作中，开关动触头起始位置到任一位置的距离。17.超行程一一合闸操作中，开关触头接触后动触头继续运动的距离。18.分闸速度一一开关分（闸）过程中，动触头的运行速度。19.触头刚分速度一一开关合(闸)运程中，动触头与静触头的分离瞬间运动速度。20.合闸速度一一开关合(闸)过程中，动触头的运动速度。21.触头

15、刚合速度一一开关合(闸)过程中，动触头与静触头的接触瞬间运动速度。22.开断速度一一开关在开断过程中，动触头的运动的速度。23.关合速度一一开关在开断过程中，运触头的运动速度。三、电力电缆的型号及品种主要有以下几个方面：35kV及以下电力电缆型号及产品表示方法1.用汉语拼音第一个字母的大写表示绝缘种类、导体材料、内护层材料和结构特点。如用Z代表纸(zhi);L代表铝(lv);Q代表铅(qian);F 代表分相(fen);ZR代表阻燃(zuran);NH代表耐火(naihuo)。2.用数字表示外护层构成，有二位数字。无数字代表无铠装层，无外被层。第一位数字表示铠装，第二位数字表示外被，如粗钢丝铠

16、装纤维外被表示为41。3.电缆型号按电缆结构的排列一般依次序为:绝缘材料;导体材料；内护层;外护层。4.电缆产品用型号、额定电压和规格表示。其方法是在型号后再加上说明额定电压、芯数和标称截面积的阿拉伯数字。如 VV42,10 3X 50表示铜芯、聚氯乙稀绝缘、粗钢线铠装、聚氯乙稀护套、额定电压10kV、3 芯、标称截面积50mm2 的电力电缆。电力电缆型号各部分的代号及其含义D1.绝缘种类:V代表聚氯乙稀;X代表橡胶;Y代表聚乙烯;YJ代表交联聚乙烯;Z代表纸。2.导体材料:L代表铝;T(省略)代表铜。3.内护层:V 代表聚氯乙稀护套;Y 聚乙烯护套;L 铝护套;Q 铅护套;H 橡胶护套;F氯

17、丁橡胶护套。4.特征:D 不滴流;F 分相;CY充油;P 贫油干绝缘;P 屏蔽;Z 直流。5.控制层:0无;2 双钢带;3 细钢丝;4 粗钢丝。6.外被层:0无;1 纤维外被;2 聚氯乙稀护套;3 聚乙烯护套。7.阻燃电缆在代号前加ZR;耐火电缆在代号前加NHo充油电缆型号及产品表示方法充油电缆型号由产品系列代号和电缆结构各部分代号组成。自容式充油电缆产品系列代号CY。外护套结构从里到外用加强层、铠装层、外被层的代号组合表示。绝缘种类、导体材料、内护层代号及各代号的排列次序以及产品的表示方法与35kV及以下电力电缆相同。如 CYZQ102 220/1X 4 表示铜芯、纸绝缘、铅护套、铜带径向加

18、强、无铠装、聚氯乙稀护套、额定电压220kV、单芯、标称截面积400mm2的自容式充油电缆。6充油电缆外护层代号含义为1.加强层：1 代表铜带径向加强;2 代表不锈钢带径向加强;3 钢带径向加强;4 不锈钢带径向、窄不锈钢带纵向加强。2.铠装层:0 无铠装;2 钢带铠装;4 粗钢丝铠装。3.外被层：1 纤维层;2 聚氯乙稀护套;3 聚乙烯护套四、敷设方式culture and entertainment venues,fitness centers,has a goodecological environment,job security measures),these requirement

19、s arevery straightforward,specific standards,also has a clear direction,more easily by a superior examination.Poverty assessment is to look atthe per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is.Yuan,higher standards is poverty.Superior acceptance to entrust athird party institution from H

20、ouseimplementation.After acceptance,alsothrough spot checks,visits,telephone surveys looking activities.Thismeans that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for povertyalleviation through acceptance,which we put forward higher requirementsfor poverty eradication.Therefore,the County Offi

21、ce for povertyalleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard.To implement the gridmanagement model,integrating poverty alleviation into grid management,and“make a heart activity combined package of leading cadres implementmonitoring systems for poverty alleviation,each poor householdsidentified a

22、package cost.In this regard,you can design a form,indicating the poor basic causes,current income,poverty,supportmeasures,implementation of support measures,through helping income,annual revenue.From now on,protection officers working households,household-by-place.When the examination,which the poor

23、 dont have timeto get out of poverty,and holding people accountable.Third,onenvironmental protection in construction of ecological civilization isthe focus on one of the six battle this year.Xian Wei proposed to build“green mountains and beautiful,happy and harmonious new.Target,which is the basis o

24、f environmental protection.Do well environmentalprotection work,we keep the side of the mountains,nor to the masses tocreate a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming andraising living and working environment.Last year,we got good gradesthe environmental work,atmospheric index ra

25、nked 4th in the city too b t a i n e co-co m p e n s a t i o n a cco r d i n g t o p r o j e ct n e e d s,i n a cco r d a n ce w i t ht h e “ch a n n e l,u s e t h e s a m e,a n d u s e p r i n ci p l e,t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o fp r o j e ct p l a n n i n g,f u n d i n g a n d m a n p o w

26、 e r a r r a n g e m e n t s,a v o i d i n gd u p l i ca t i o n o f i n p u t s a n d w a s t e o f r e s o u r ce s,e f f e ct i v e i n t e g r a t i o n o fp o v e r t y r e l i e f f u n d s .H e r e t o r e m i n d e v e r y o n e t h a t b u n d l ei n t e g r a t i o n-r e l a t e d f u n d

27、s,a i m s t o co n ce n t r a t e f i n a n ci a l r e s o u r ce s f o rb i g u n d e r t a k i n g s.A u t h o r i t i e s d o n o t t h i n k t h a t h a s l e s s a u t o n o m y,p u r s u i n g t h e d e r e g u l a t i o n o f w o r k.T h i s y e a r o n t h e a m o u n t o f f u n d s o nf i

28、g h t i n g f o r t h ed e p a r t m e n t s co n ce r n e d t o i n cr e a s e o v e r t h e p r e v i o u sy e a r .a n d .r e s p e ct i v e l y.I n t h i s r e g a r d,t h e f i n a n ci a l D e p a r t m e n tt o d i s p a t ch i n a t i m e l y m a n n e r,a n a l y s e s r e l e v a n t d e p

29、 a r t m e n t s s t r i v e f o r.(E)t o i m p l e m e n t t h e p o v e r t y a s s e s s m e n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s.O f v i l l a g e l e v e l e v a l u a t i o n i s v e r y cl e a r,t h a t i s,“f i v e t e n (f i v e-w a y p a t h,p o w e r,t h r o u g h w a t e r,t h r o u g h r

30、 a d i o,t e l e v i s i o n,i n f o r m a t i o n;T e n “t h eh a n l a o b a o s h o u f i e l d s,r i ch p r o j e ct s,O f f i ce k i t ch e n,h e a l t h s e r v i ce s,s a n i t a t i o n s y s t e m,p r e-s ch o o l e d u ca t i o n,穿焊接钢管敷设SC穿电线管敷设MT穿硬塑料管敷设PC穿阻燃半硬聚氯乙烯管敷设F P C电缆桥架敷设CT金属线槽敷设M R

31、塑料线槽敷设PR钢索敷设M穿聚氯乙烯塑料波纹电线管敷设K P C穿金属软管敷设CP直接埋设D B电缆沟敷设T C混凝土排管敷设C R A B/沿或跨梁（屋架）敷 设 B C/暗敷在梁内AC/沿或跨柱敷设CLC/暗敷在柱内WS/沿墙面敷设WC/暗敷在墙内CE/沿天棚或顶板面敷设CC/暗敷在屋面或顶板内SCE/吊顶内敷设ACC/暗敷在不能上人的吊顶内-ACE/在能进人的吊顶内敷设F/地板或地面下敷设culture and entertainment venues,fitness centers,has a goodecological environment,job security measur

32、es),these requirements arevery straightforward,specific standards,also has a clear direction,more easily by a superior examination.Poverty assessment is to look atthe per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is.Yuan,higher standards is poverty.Superior acceptance to entrust athird par

33、ty institution from Houseimplementation.After acceptance,alsothrough spot checks,visits,telephone surveys looking activities.Thismeans that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for povertyalleviation through acceptance,which we put forward higher requirementsfor poverty eradication.Ther

34、efore,the County Office for povertyalleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard.To implement the gridmanagement model,integrating poverty alleviation into grid management,and“make a heart activity combined package of leading cadres implementmonitoring systems for poverty alleviation,each poor ho

35、useholdsidentified a package cost.I n this regard,you can design a form,indicating the poor basic causes,current income,poverty,supportmeasures,implementation of support measures,through helping income,annual revenue.From now on,protection officers working households,household-by-place.When the exam

36、ination,which the poor don，t have timeto get out of poverty,and holding people accountable.Third,onenvironmental protection in construction of ecological civilization isthe focus on one of the six battle this year.Xian Wei proposed to build“green mountains and beautiful,happy and harmonious new.Targ

37、et,which is the basis of environmental protection.Do well environmentalprotection work,we keep the side of the mountains,nor to the masses tocreate a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming andraising living and working environment.Last year,we got good gradesthe environmental wo

38、rk,atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city toobtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs,in accordance withthe“channel,use the same,and use principle,the implementation ofproject planning,funding and manpower arrangements,avoidingduplication of inputs and waste of resources,effective integrat

39、ion ofpoverty relief funds.Here to remind everyone that bundleintegration-related funds,aims to concentrate financial resources forbig undertakings.Authorities do not think that has less autonomy,pursuing the deregulation of work.This year on the amount of funds onfighting for the departments concer

40、ned to increase over the previousyear.and.respectively.In this regard,the financial Departmentto dispatch in a timely manner,analyses relevant departments strive for.(E)to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities.Of village-level evaluation is very clear,that is,“five-ten (five-way path,pow

41、er,through water,through radio,television,information;Ten thehanlaobaoshou fields,rich projects,Office kitchen,health services,sanitation system,pre-school education,五、电线电缆及附件知识问答1,常用的电线，电缆按用途分有哪些种类答:按用途可分为裸导线，绝缘电线，耐热电线，屏蔽电线，电力电缆，控制电缆，通信电缆，射频电缆等.2,绝缘电线有哪几种答:常有的绝缘电线有以下几种：聚氯乙烯绝缘电线，聚氯乙烯绝缘软线，丁 月 青聚氯乙烯混合

42、物绝缘软线，橡皮绝缘电线，农用地下直埋铝芯塑料绝缘电线，橡皮绝缘棉纱纺织软线，聚氯乙烯绝缘尼龙护套电线，电力和照明用聚氯乙烯绝缘软线等.-3,电缆桥架适合于何种场合答：电缆桥架适用于一般工矿企业室内外架空敷设电力电缆，控制电缆，亦可用于电信，广播电视等部门在室内外架设.4,电缆附件有哪些答:常用的电附件有电缆终端接线盒，电缆中间接线盒，连接管及接线端子，钢板接线槽，电缆桥架等.5,什么叫电缆中间接头答:连接电缆与电缆的导体，绝缘屏蔽层和保护层，以使电缆线路连接的装置，称为电缆中间接头.6,什么叫电气主接线答：电气主接线是发电厂，变电所中主要电气设备和母线的连接方式，包括主母线和厂用电系统按一定

43、的功能要求的连接方式.,在选择电力电缆的截面时，应遵照哪些规定7答：电力电缆的选择应遵照以下原则：(D 电缆的额定电压要大于或等于安装点供电系统的额定电压；(2)电缆持续容许电流应等于或大于供电负载的最大持续电流；(3)线芯截面要满足供电系统短路时的稳定性的要求；(4)根据电缆长度验算电压降是否符合要求；(5)线路末端的最小短路电流应能使保护装置可靠的动作.8,交联聚乙烯电缆和油纸电缆比较有哪些优点答：(1)易安装，因为它允许最小弯曲半径小，且重量轻；(2)不受线路落差限制；(3)热性能好，允许工作温度高，传输容量大；(4)电缆附件简单，均为干式结构；(5)运行维护简单，无漏油问题；(6)价格

44、较低；(7)可靠性高，故障率低；(8)制造工序少，工艺简单，经济效益显著.9,固定交流单芯电缆的夹具有什么要求为什么答:夹具应无铁件构成闭合磁路，这是因为当电缆线芯通过电流时，在其周围产生磁力线，磁力线与通过线芯的电流大小成正比，若使用铁件等导磁材料，根据电磁感应可知，将在铁件中产生涡流使电缆发热，甚至烧坏电缆.所以不可使用铁件作单芯交流电缆的固定夹具.1 0,以下的热缩电缆头的附件的最大特点和优点是什么答:热缩附件的最大特点是用应力管代替传统的应力锥，它不仅简化了施工工艺，还缩小了接头的终端的尺寸，安装方便，省时省工，性能优越，节约金属.热缩电缆附件集灌注式和干包式为一体，集合了这两种附件的

45、优点.culture and entertainment venues,fitness centers,has a goodecological environment,job security measures),these requirements arevery straightforward,specific standards,also has a clear direction,more easily by a superior examination.Poverty assessment is to look atthe per capita net income of the

46、poor end of 2015 standards is.Yuan,higher standards is poverty.Superior acceptance to entrust athird party institution from HouseI mp1ementation.After acceptance,alsothrough spot checks,visits,telephone surveys looking activities.Thismeans that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for p

47、overtyalleviation through acceptance,which we put forward higher requirementsfor poverty eradication.Therefore,the County Office for povertyalleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard.To implement the gridmanagement model,integrating poverty alleviation into grid management,and“make a heart act

48、ivity combined package of leading cadres implementmonitoring systems for poverty alleviation,each poor householdsidentified a package cost.I n this regard,you can design a form,indicating the poor basic causes,current income,poverty,supportmeasures,implementation of support measures,through helping

49、income,annual revenue.From now on,protection officers working households,household-by-place.When the examination,which the poor don，t have timeto get out of poverty,and holding people accountable.Third,one n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n i n c o n s t r u c t i o n o f e c o l o g i c a

50、l c i v i l i z a t i o n i st h e f o c u s o n o n e o f t h e s i x b a t t l e t h i s y e a r.X i a n W e i p r o p o s e d t o b u i l d，zg r e e n m o u n t a i n s a n d b e a u t i f u l,h a p p y a n d h a r m o n i o u s,n e w.T a r g e t,w h i c h i s t h e b a s i s o f e n v i r o n m