冀教版八年级上英语字词复习.pdf

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1、1近形词1.1 Sometimes;sometime;some times,sometimeSometimesSome timesSometimeSome time有时几倍某时一段时间Sometimes we eat noodles.I will go to shop sometime.I have read the book some times.I will go to Beijing for some time1.2 Someday（将来某天）,one day（之前某天）,the other day（前几天）1.3 In the future;In future.In future:从今

2、往后一直到死。In the future:从今天起的一段时间之内2近意词2.1 穿Dress（VT,动态,宾语为人）;Put on（VT,动态，宾语为衣服）;wear（VT,穿着,静态，V T）;in（p re p,静态,穿着）Mary is dressing her doll.Would you put it on,please?The man whom I served was wearing a hat.She must appear in a bright red dress2.2 Spend（钱，时间）;pay（钱）;take（时间）;cost（钱）。2.3 Hope;wishspe

3、ndpaytakecost钱;时间钱、时间钱时间钱主语人人It;物物2.4 Before,agoHope；效中。口；wish；修b；名词希望、信 心（无祝愿祝福，可 见，祝愿本身是很难实现的。）心 愿、祝 福（很 难 实 现）、希望VT1）希 望，期望。（hope用作动词时，后面可接不定式或 thal从 句，但不能接“宾语+不定式，2）引导that从句时,表达可以实现的愿望。1）可 以 接“宾语+不定式二2）引导that从句时，表达很难实现的愿望。We hope to see you again.I hope（that）you can help me with my maths.I wish

4、to place an order right now.I wish him to make progress.I wish（that）I could fly like a bird.I wish you happy.VIhope+prep+Wish+prep+ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”，before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”。2.5 Bring（取来）,take（带走）,get;fetch（去取来）,carry（携带）o2.6 However,but.however要和句子的其他部分用逗号分开，but不用。2.7 Finally;atlast;in the end1）Sick（

5、ad j.,恶心的）ill（a d j.,邪恶的）.a）有病的，sick可做表语或定语，ill只能做定语。T h e s i c k d o g i s m i n e.M y c a t is s i c k/H Lb）Sick有恶心的、厌倦的意思。The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。c）ill有 坏 的；邪恶的意思。He is an ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。d）扩 展：常见的短语：sick of对.厌恶；get sick生病；患病（n）。sick and tired of对十分厌倦。fell ill 生病（n）o Ill health 不健康。il

6、l with 患有某病；有病（vi）o2.8 Fix mend repair.Mend 修补;fix=repairo Repair 大件东西2.9 Post;mail;send 邮寄2.10 Get arrive meetGet to（口语）+地点；arrive（VI）+in+大地点；arrive（VI）+at+小地点；meet（VT）+地点。2.11 Wise;clever;bright（A U5）Wise;公当;adj.智慧的、博学的、明智的。Clever；同配；adj.聪明的、机灵的、熟练的。用于小孩书面。Bright；一与Z ；adj.聪明的、明快的。用于小孩口语。2.12 出行方式

7、take by on inTake+（限定词）+单数交通工具。Take a busBy+单数交通工具。By bus.In/on+限定词+单数交通工具in my car.On foot3重要单词短语3.1 八上U13.1.1 P lay体育运动/h e乐器3.1.2 Encourage sb to do sth3.1.3 Discuss sth with sb3.1.4 Feel lucky to3.1.5 Starting doing sth3.1.6 I have the pleasure of3.1.7 Invite sb to do sth3.2 八上U23.2.1 GoodGood a

8、t 擅长；good for sb 对 sb 有好处；good to b 对 sb 有善意；good with sth 善于应对 stho3.2.2 Makea)Make sb do sth0 某人做某事。He made me wait for 2 hours.b)Make sb；sth+no 让某人；物成为。We make Tim our leader.c)Make sb；sth+adjo 让某人；物在某种状态。Do not make our room dirty.d)Make friends with sb 和某人交朋友。e)制造。Take a kite for meo3.2.3 Besid

9、es除了什么之外，还有；except整体中排除一部分之后剩余的部分3.2.4 See sb do sth;doing sth3.2.5 Help sb with sth;help sb with sth3.2.6 Have to 客观上的必须，有事态变化;must主观上的必须，无时态变化。3.2.7 Seem3.2.8 Work on project3.2.9 Shout at 怒喊;shout to sb 向 sb 大喊以提醒。3.2.10 How long延续的时间;how often发生的频率；how many times多少次；how soon多久3.2.11 Have been in

10、已经在某地一段时间了。Have been to 去某地，已经回来了.have gone to去某地，还没回来。3.2.12 Remind sb of sth;remind that3.3 八上 UNIT 33.3.1 Like to do/doing3.3.2 Lets包含听话人；let us,不含听话人。3.3.3 ThinkThink o f提出、想起。Think about考虑；回想起；认为。W e a r e t h i n k i n g a b o u t h a v i n g a m e e t i n g.我们正在考虑开会。I t h i n k a b o u t m y

11、c o l l e ge l i f e.我会想起大学生活。W h a t d o y o u t h i n k (t h i n k o f)a b o u t t h e f i l m?您怎么看这部电影？3.3.4 Pass sb.sth.3.3.5 Take a deep breath3.3.6 Blew out3.4 八上 UNIT 43.4.1 Complete a d j.完整的;VT 完成;finish VT 完成。3.4.2 Show sbsth3.4.3 On ones way to3.4.4 Point a t侧重指向的对象；t o侧重方向3.4.5 Preferwou

12、ld prefer宁愿；更喜欢prefer to do宁可做某事；更喜欢做某事prefer doing喜欢做某事3.4.6 Across from0 对面。She sat across from me.她坐在我的对面。3.4.7 Cross(VT);across(prep)Go across the bridge,you will see a garden.He is crossing the road.3.4.8 Not until.直至I，才。We cannot leave until your work is finished.3.4.9.Be Filled with 被动语态;full

13、 of 主动语态3.5 A U53.5.1 Be nice to 善待3.5.2 Take step to3.5.3 A fear of;afraid of 害怕3.5.4 Around the world 环游世界3.5.5 Be sure.确信。Be sure of.Be sure about sth/doing.Be sure to do sth.Be sure that.3.5.6 Advice.Give advice on sth；Give advice to sb.；take/follow ones advice3.5.7 Opposite/息我当/a)n.对 立 面；反义词.go

14、od and bad is oppos让e.b)opposite side 对 边；相对面.on the opposite side of 在对面c)a d j.相 反 的；对 面 的；对立的。We have opposite views on this.3.5.8 Play with fireo 玩火3.5.9 Wish you good luck 祝你好运3.5.10 Sell well 畅销。3.5.11 So many那么多的;So much这么、非 常,达到这种程度3.5.12 run a business3.5.13 Achieve a goal;Keep a goal.3.5.1

15、4 Strict with sb/in sth3.5.15 Punish sb for sth;punish sb by sth3.5.16 No matter what3.6 unit63.6.1 In the年 代s.在年代。362 Be born出生、形成。He was bom in Shijiazhuang.生于.地点He was born on 20June,2001.生于.时间He was born of a workers family.出身于3.6.3 Be able to can通 用,be able to 更侧重于具备能力。Can只有现在时(can)和过去式(could),

16、be able to有各种时态。3.6.4 imagine/修 用Qg皂台修/vimagination/修鱼。晋 守 修 同 作想 象，想 象 力；想象出来的事物)V T.想 象；猜 想；臆 断 v i.想 象；猜 想；想象起来Imagine+dong/n.Can you imagine life without water?imagine+sb+to be+adj.想象某人为.He imagine himself to be alone in a islandimagine+疑j可词+从句/不定式.He imagines how can he get to the island.3.6.5

17、Stay up（late）.熬夜,睡得很晚。同义词:break night/sit up late3.6.6 Allow及物动词，允许。Allow sb to do sth/be allowed to do stho We allow them to smoke here.我们允许他们在这吸烟。Allow doing.they allow smoking here他们允许（另（人）在这吸烟4重要的副词辨析4.1 比较级前的修饰语(副词词性)两多两少两甚至一个远远MuchA lotA littleA bitEvenstillfarNot a little=very,not a bit 一点也不。

18、4.2 almost,nearly 几乎Almost程度更大。Almost可以和no连用，Nearly不可以。The poor man has almost no money.4.3 Whole;all全部的、整个。词序不同。All+限定词+名词。限定词+whole+有整体意义的单数名词。例：all the money；My whole life若复数可数名词前有具体的数量词，可用whole,例：three whole days；All three days.4.4 频度副词 all the time,always;usually;often;sometimes;Never.频繁度：All t

19、he timealways(90%)usuallyoftensometimesnever(0%).All the time.一直以来都是如此，没有间断过。Always.总是间断性的反复发生，说话者有不满的意思。反义词never.Always doing sth.总是做某事。5主系表结构(系 动词)分类词汇用法时态语态感觉look,sound,smell,taste,feel+adj.；+like+n./doing状态变化Go turn become get come+adj.；+n./doing状态持续Keep、stay、remain+adj.；+n./doing主观判断seem,appear

20、,turn out,prove,happen+(to be)adj./n.+to do sty.此时不定式是名词性短语，充当表语。5.1 表状态变化的系动词：Go turn become get come1)become和 get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。Become get angry,famous,fat,ill,old,well,deaf,strong,etc.生气,成名,发胖，得病,变老,痊 愈，变聋，变强，等。另外，become和 get还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。It is becoming getting cold(dark,cloudy,etc.).

21、天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。Divorce is becoming getting more common.离婚现象越来越常见了。2)grow主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。It began to grow dark.天色渐渐黑了。The sea is growing calm.大海变得平静起来。Thepollution problem is growing serious.污染问题日见严峻。My mother grows old when I grow up.3)g o 和 come.前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坯的变化，后者则主要指向好的方面变化:The radio has gone

22、wrong.收音机出毛病了。Her wish came true.她的愿望实现了。4)go turn.意思大致相同。表示颜色变化 Leaves go/turn brown in autumn.表示性质变化 Machines go/turn wrong.机器出毛病。The drink goes/turns bad.Turn和 go的区别：Turn正式，go 口语化；性质、性格、职业、信仰等方面的大变化用turn.The frog turns into a boy.He turns into a bad man.He worked in a bank for thirty yearsbefore

23、turning painter5.2 表示感觉的系动词：Look sound taste smellfeel1、v+adj.The music sound very beautiful.2、v+like+n/doing.That sound like a good idea.5.3 表示不确定判断的系动词appear seemIt seems to be a good idea.5.4 表状态延续的系动词：Keep、stay,remainStay healthy（形容词）,stay quiet,stay in touch with（介词）Keep sb/sth+adj/adv.保持某人某物为某

24、种状态。Keep doing sth 一直做某事。6不定代词限 定 词：对名词短语的中心词起定量、不定量、定指、不定指等限制作用。不定代词不指特定对象，其中多数有名词性（主语、宾 语）和限定词性（定 语）两种用法，但复合不定代词（someone等）和none、one只有名词性用法，而no、every只有限定词性用法。计有 both、either、neither、alk every、each、no、None、not any、Some、any、Many、much、（a）few、（a）little 等。6.1 Both either neitherEither/neither of the book

25、s is interesting.botheitherneither语义肯 定 句；2个；全否 定 句；2个；或者或者否 定 句；2个；两者都不名词性用法+复数谓语动词+单数谓语动词限 定 词 性 用法复数名词前，表复数概念。单数名词前，单数概念。Both of the books are interesting.(Both)his legs are hurt.Trees grow on(Hthei7nHther)bank of the river.6.2 All every eachAllEveryeach数量三个以上两个语义全部、整个每一个名词性用法无限定词性用法+单数名词，意 思：整个的

26、+复数名词，意 思：全部的+单数名词+单数名词例:All of the children are now grown up.名词性。Each of the houses is painted a different co/o1.名词性。All he strenath was gone.限 定 词 性。Each student is very exciting.限 定 词 性。I bought the girls each an ice cream,同位语,不 影 响 主(宾)语 的 单 复 数 含 义。6.3 No None=not anyno只能用作限定词性，none只能用作名词性短语的中心

27、词。none指 3 个以上，no可针对任意数量。例：There is no letter today.There are no letters today.None of us isperfect;we all make mistakes.Its none of your business.You have money and I have none(of them).none指人时谓语可用复数,也可以用单数。none指物时，谓语用单数。6.4 Some any(?)一 般 some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句。当说话的人希望得到肯定回答时，亦可用some 代替 any.例:6.5 M

28、any muchMany+可 数名词(复数)；much+不可数名词。例：He did not buy many apples/much fruit.Were there many people in the party?he never does much work.限 定 词 性 用 法.We are many and they are few.Did he eat much at lunch?名 词 性 用 法。6.6(a)few,(a)littlefew是形容词性，只能修饰名词。little有形容词性和副词性，可以修饰形容词、副词和名词。语义可数名词复数不可数名词同义词肯 定，多a fe

29、wa littleSome否 定，少fewlittleNot many/much例：Do notworry.We still have a few minutes/a little time left.我们还剩下几分钟/还有点时间。Hurry up!We do not have few minutes/little time to waste!我们没几分钟可浪费了。He has few friends他朋友很少。He has littlepatience他缺少耐心。I understand only a little of what he said.A few of the books are

30、 very difficult to understand.6.7 Other another(?)Another三个以上的群体中的另一个Other；the other 限定性两个以内。Other其他的；The other另外的那个（些）。Others；the others 名词性三个以上。Others,其他的人；the others,一个全体中剩余的部分。7 介词(prep.)7.1 方位介词7.1.1 Across through overAcross物体表面）；through物体内部；over物体之上穿过。7.1.2 I n、on、above、upon、below、under、in fr

31、ont ofx in the front ofx behind,on front of7.2 时间介词in at on8连词8.1 Either too also 也too只能放在句尾，用于肯定句。either只能放在句尾，用于否定句。also一般放在句中，也可以放在句首9名词所有格10数词11人的情感类单词11.1 Fear11.2 LikeLove11.3 Alone;lonelyAlone(adj；adv)数量上孤单，做表语、宾补、状语；lonely(adj)情感上孤单，做表语或定语。例：The old man is alone,but he never fells lonely12人体

32、动作类单词12.1 说 speak talk tell sayspeak的意思是“说话”，作不及物动词,通常指说话的能力和方式，也有“演讲，发言”之意；作及物动词时，其后宾语多是表示语言的名词。speak to常表示“同说话二Do you speak English?你会说英语吗？She is speaking to the shop assistant.她正在同售货员说话。Say意思是“说”，强调说话内容。例如：What are you saying?“你在说什么?”Please say it in English.请用英语说。Talk 意思是“谈，例 如：May I talk to you

33、?我可以和你谈一谈吗？Xiao Li is talking with herteacher.小李正和她的老师谈话呢。What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么呢?T ell的意思是“讲”、“告诉”，作及物动词，意为“讲述”、“告诉”。Tell sb sth；Tell sth to sb.例如：Please tell us the good news.请告诉我们好消息。I have something to tell you,我有事要告你。Do you have anything to tell us?你有什么事要告诉我们吗？12.2 看 watch look see

34、readW atch目不转睛的看，活动的画面。Read看有文字的东西。Look不及物动词。Look ato强调看的动作。See看到，及物动词,强调看到的结果。和 look类似。Looklook fo r强调过程；强调结果findo Look up查阅;look through浏览。WatchWatch sb do/doing sth.Watch sb do sth强调看到事情的整个过程,而 doing强调看到事情正在发生。She is watching the kids playing football.I often watch her paly football12.3 听 listen

35、hear12.4 问 askAsk sb to do sth要 求某人做某事。Ask sb about sth 问某人某事。Ask for 请求。Ask sb for sth 向某人要某物13不定式1 3.1 概念动词（verb）是表示动作或状态的词。根据是否被主语限制（有人称和数的变化）,分为限定动词（finite/日 父公修公移6/（a有限的；（动词）限定式的）verb）和非限定动词（nonfinite verb）两大类。非限定动词有动词不定式（infinitive/醪较夥再醪。/（n动词的不定式）、动名词和分词三种，在句子中不能单独做谓语动词，所以不能被主语限定，没有人称和数的变化。动词

36、不定式是一种非限定动词，有不定时符号to加动词原形构成。它具有动词特征，同时也名词、形容词和副词的特征。非谓语动词短语一般由非谓语动词和各种补足语和状语组成，也可仅由非谓语动词组成，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表（补足）语。1 3.2 用法1 3.2.1 不带t。的情况1）在see、feel、hear、watch、observe,listen to,l o o k等感官动词/词组后，做宾语补足语时，不带to。例：S e e s b d o s t h.h e a r s b d o s t h.2）在m a k e、let、g o之后,习惯不用too1 3.2.2 充当主语T o

37、t a l k w i t h h i m i s a gr e a t p l e a s u r e.I t i s a gr e a t p l e a s u r e t o t a k w i t h h i m.1 3.2.3 充当宾语L e a n t o w a k b e f o r e y o u r u n.W e d e c i d e d t o m a k e c h a n ge i n o u r p l a n.H e i s s u r e t o s u c c e e d.形容词宾语。I a m a f r a i d t o s l e e p a l

38、 o n e.这样的形容词有：gl a d、r e a d y、s o r r y、a f r a i d、p l e a s e d,w i l l i n g、e a ge r 等。13.2.4充当定语He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to sap on/about this question13.2.5充当状语He went to Beiiingto study in 1988.目的状语。A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had c

39、hanged greatly.结果状语。1 3 2 6充当补语His wish is to become an doctor.14从句复合句由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子主体，从句为句子的一个句子成分，不能对立。从句结构为：关联词+主语部分+谓语部分。14.1 主语从句、标语从句、宾语从句Who did the work is unknown.主语从句。That he will come to the discussion is certain.主句。My option isthat he will not agree.表语（补语）从句。That is why she is so

40、happy.表语（补语）从句。I want to know if you are studying QU 让ar.Do you know when the meeting starts?宾语从句。14.2 定语从句This is the building that thev built last year.Children go to the babv-room,wherethev are well looked after.They always come on these days when I am busy.14.3 状语从句14.4 时态的一致某些从句（主要是宾语从句）中的谓语动词的

41、时态，常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，这叫做时态的一致。1 .主句中谓语动词为现在或将来时态时，从句中的谓语动词可以使用任何需要的时态。He says his father is（was,will be）a engineer.2 .主句中谓语动词为过去时态时，分三种情况：1）从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作和主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句用过去一般时或过去进行时态。He told me he was ill.She said her brother was reading a book at the moment.2）从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，从句用或过去完成时态。He said he had posted the letter他说他已经把信寄走了。3）从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，从句用或过去将来时态。He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.15动词各种时态的规则和不规则拼写16比较级、最高级的规则和不规则拼写