2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试卷（二）.pdf

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1、绝密启用前2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英 语（二）试 卷（二）（科目代码:204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试 卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在 草 稿 纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔

2、迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。考生编号（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text,Choose the best word(s)fbr each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)For centuries,people have described animal behavior just ahead of earthquakes.几个世

3、纪以来，人们一直都在描述地震前的动物行为。Now researchers say they have managed toprecisely 精确地 measure 第 4题 increased activity 活动有所增加 in a group of farm animals_l固定搭配 to earthquakes.第 9 题 2 介词 a definitive 明确的 link has still not been proved,thescientists say their findings are a significant step 3 介词 in the search fbr

4、寻找|one.The researchersused highly sensitive instalments that record 4 动词 movements-up to 48 each second-in anydirection.The papers statistical analysis took the animals normal daily movements and interactions 第 7题in to固 定 搭 配 It showed their activity 6 副词 increased before magnitude 震级 3.8 orgreater

5、earthquakes when they were housed together 第 7 题 in a bam 谷仓.Its sort of a system of7 形容词 influence.这是一个相互影响的 系统。Martin Wikelski,director of the MaxPlanck Institute of Animal Behavior,says.This observation 观察 is 8 形容词 with collective 共同的behavior theory.集体行为理论This finding,the authors contend,第 8 题 ju

6、stifies 证明 合法/合理 a 9 名词 that animalssomehow 不知怎么地 sense a signal 信号 that 10 动词 outward.It holds that the activity of theearth can squeeze 挤压 rocks,11 逻辑 causes the rocks to 第 10 题 release something into the air.Then the animals react to 对作出反应 this novel 新颖的 sensation 感觉.Wendy Bohon,a geologist 地质学家，

7、who was not involved with the new study,is 12 形容词-语 境 of the代指上文出现过的air sensation idea 空气感应”.She wonders对 .感到好奇3 逻辑 there were instances in which the creatures showed 14 形容词 activity and there was noearthquake or did not react before one did occur.15 逻辑 use 利用 the animals as predictors 预考研英语最后4套 卷（英

8、语二）试 卷（二）第2页（共14页）报器，it would be 16 形容词-看真正的主语 to establish that they exhibited 展现出 unusualbehavior 17 副词 in reaction to 作为/j.的反应 upcoming earthquakes,Bohon says.Otherwise,”she adds,it becomes the Boy Who Cried Wolf 孩子喊狼 problem.*Heiko Wbith,a geologist at GFZ Gennan Research Center for Geosciences,

9、also points out thatmany studies often 18 固定搭配 too little data collection over time(许多研究依赖的数据往往太少),making it 19 形容词 to detennine whether a measured signal was related to a quake or wassimply noise.Wikelski and his colleagues say their single study could not 20 动词 all the potentialfactors the animals

10、 might react to.But they still argue that it is a good first step toward morecontrolled studies in the future.考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第3页（共14页）1.A near(to)靠近于 接近于B prior优先的 C close接近的 亲Prior to在.之 近 的 close t o 接近于Dup向上的Up to 一直到；2.A About 大约 关刖；相当于于(A through 通过B For为了对于B toward 趋向tow ard后一般跟名词，表示朝某个方

11、向或对象C After在 之后C forward 向前D Though 尽管D into变成进入4.A accelerated 力 口速B reduced 下降C devised 设计计戈IJD transmitted 传输5.A work 工作B account 账号Take sth intoaccount把 考虑在内C experiment 实验D plan 计划6.A badly 糟糕地B nearly 几乎，差不多C significantly 显著地D barely几乎不7.A collective 集体的B common 共同的C normal正常的D mutualadj.相互的8

12、.A consistent 一致的Be consistent with与 一致B parallel 平行的C comparable 可比的D contradictory相互矛盾的9.A truth 事实B principle 准则C hypothesis 假说，假设D phenomenon现象10.A expands 扩大B diffuses 传播C explores 探索D flows 流动11.A whichB whoC whereD what12.A fhithful 忠实的B sure确定的C skeptical 持怀疑态度的D grateful 感激的13.A whatever 不管

13、怎样无论什么B howC whenever 任何时候D whether14.A unusual 不寻常的15.A What if 假使将会怎么样的B miserable 痛苦C interestingD disastrous 灾难性的B Such as 比如C In order to 为了D Afkrall 终究16.A needless 不必要的17.A onlyB imperative 极重要的B occasionally然C meaningful 有意义 的C immediatelyD perfect 完美的D scarcely 勉强，几乎不18.A make up 组成；补足；化妆；编

14、造B look for 寻找C put aside 把放在一边D rely on 依靠19.A fest 坚固的B impossibleC simpleD convenient20.A utilize 利用B define 定义C review仔细研究D differentiate区别辨别Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answer

15、s on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)做题流程：1标出段落号；2快速提取全文主旨；3识 别 题 型；4精准定位；5选项筛选Text 1考研英语最后4 套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第4页（共 14页）1 When it comes to the possibility and history of racism,however,21 most of the currentjustices-with theWmpoFtant-exeeptien of Jdst沁 eSonia SetcmayoF（90%的答案在主句）tend torespond the way so m

16、any white people do:More often than not 通常,they would rathe r 愿，宁可just not talk about it.That tendency was evident in most of the cases potentially implicating 暗指the subject of race.2 22 In 2016、an officer in Lawrence、Kansas、stopaed a truck、which Charles Glover wasdriving、and Kansas charged（v.指控，控告）

17、him with driving as a habitual violatorn.违背者nhis defense 防守，Glover argued that the stop violated 违反 21 Dthe Fourth Amendment,whichprotects people against unreasonable searches and the 24DKansas SuDreme Court ruled in his fhvor,arguing that the officer had not adequately justified the stop.3There was

18、 no claim 声称 of racial discrimination 歧视 in this specific case,21 Cbut someof justices did mention racial种族的:在这起具体案件中，没有人声称存在种族歧视，但一些法官确实提到了全国各地警 察叫停的种族和社会经济差异。and socioeconomic a d i.社会经济学的 disparities 差界 in police stops across the country;24Bone of them emphasized thatBlack drivers are more likely

19、 than white drivers to be pulled over by the police and pointed to“evidence that racial bias motivates many traffic stops.21 DThe lack of more extensive 广阔的;广大的 discussion may in Dart be a function of the Courts long-standing 存在已久的；悠久的resistance 反对 to discussing the subject in Fourth Amendment cases

20、.在这起具体案件中，没有人声称存在种族歧视，但一些法官确实提到了全国各地警察叫停的种族和社会经济差异。其中一位法官强调，黑人司机比白人司机更容易被警察拦下，并指出“许多种族偏见促使的史通截停缺乏广泛讨论的部分原因可能是法院长期以来在第四修正案窠件中一直抵制讨论这个问题4 II is extraordinarily 极其 rare 稀罕的 for the iurtices（n.法官）again,except for除了 23 Sotomayor-to reference（v 提及）race（n.种族）or racim（n.种族主义）in casesinvoking police stops.Th

21、ere are many other examples one could cite and very fewcounterexamples.It would have been interesting to see the Court jj；respond to a constitutional_L宪法的;）23Dchallenie to affirmative 肯定的 action 平权:去窠 or to the Voting Rights Act 选举权法案 in the current political climate 气候.But this term does illustrate

22、 why,in light of 根据考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第5页（共14页）American history,racism 种族主义 and race relations remain the nations most enduringdomestic crisis.种族主义和种族关系仍是这个国家 持续时间最长的内政危机。25.The impulse 一 时的念头 of most of the justices,most of the time,not to talk aboutrace and racism is not excusable 可 原 谅；可谅解，let

23、alone justifiable 有理由的，but it isunderstandable.大多数法官在大多数时候不谈论种族和种族主义的念头，并非情有可原，更不可能 是正当的，但这是可以理解的Why risk making oneself,ones colleagues,and otheraudiences uncomfortable or even upset when it is not absolutely necessary to go there1,?When itcomes to the subject of racism in this country,however,sayi

24、ng nothing often is saying something.21.Most of the current justices tend to_.细节题解题技巧：1.猛攻题干，明确问题指向；2.同时关注定位词和小词；（定位词：人名/数字/地名/大写专有名词/连字符 小词：时间/频率/最高级/因果关系/谁的观点）2 .返回文章，依据题文同序的原则，由定位词和小词找到线索句3 .识别线 索 句（5 0舟）是否能够解题，若无法解题，答题句在其前（1 5%）后（后 一 句（3 0%）或 后 两 句（5%）21.大多数现任法官倾向于_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ oA support pe

25、ople of color in normal cases 没有提到LA在常规案件中支持有色人种B choose to avoid talking about race and racism B选择避谈种族和种族主义C mention socioeconomic disparities in policestops-原文是some而不是most of C在警察叫停案中提及社会经济差异D judge according to the Fourth Amendment D根据第四修正案来审判22.Charles Glover was stopped by police,because_.细节题线索

26、句22.查尔斯格洛弗被警察叫停，因为0A Kansas made new regulatory rules 无4口 生有 A堪萨斯州制定了新的管制规则B the police wanted a discussion with him一无中生有 B警察想和他谈话C the bias motivated the official-无中生有LC偏见驱使了这位官员D he might be a habitual violator同义替换:habitual violator=habitual violator D他可能是个习惯性的违章驾驶者考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第6页（共1 4页）2

27、3.According to the text,Justice SoniaSotomayor_.细节题-线索句23.根据文章，索尼娅索托马约尔法官。A says nothing about racial discriminationLA1对种族歧视绝口不提B tends to respond the way so many whitepeople do B倾向于像许多白人那样回应C faces up to the social problemsLc直面社会问题D challenges affirmative action 平权法案 orVoting选 举 Rights Act作者自己幻想的 D

28、挑战平权法案或选举权法案24.It can be learned from the text that主旨大意题-先看24题24.我们可以从文中得知_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ oA race problems remain the nations mostenduring domestic crisis A种族问题仍然是这个国家持续时间最长的内政危机B black people are most probably stopped bywhite police-P3 B黑人是最可能被白人警察叫停的人C the most habitual violators are truck drivers

29、无中生有 C最习惯性违章的人是卡车司机D the court has made a challenge to theFourth Amendment P2 D法庭已经向第四修正案发起了挑战25.Why is it understandable that most of thejustices avoid talking about race and racism?细节-后一句和后两句25.为什么大多数法官避谈种族和种族主义是可以理解的？A Because there are no words to say.A因为无话可说。B Because it is unlawful.B因为那是违法的。C

30、Because that will be shameful 可耻的.C因为那将是难以启齿的。D Because it is not absolutely necessary.D因为那不是绝对必要的。Text 226Most travelers see the fbod as one of the least ioyfbl aspects of air tiavel.Rubiyanto Halimanis not most travelers.A worker at an Indonesian shrimp hatchery who 26A flew four to six times amon

31、th before the pandemic,he collects in-flight menus,magazines and glasses,and 26 dikes to考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第7页（共14页）post pictures of aero 航空的;plane food to his Instagram feednot in an ironic way.The past few months,with airlines largely grounded,have been difficult fbr him.27D/BHe somisses the exp

32、erience of flying that a couple of weeks ago he bought a few in-flight meals fromGaruda,the national carrier.The food,28Dwhich was delivered to his home,was 2 8 A packaged inwhite plastic containers and served with plastic cutlery 餐具，on a tray,just as it would be on aplane.The dishesspinach and beef

33、 omelet and nasi daun jeruk（rice infused with coconut milk andlime leaf）actually 28Ctaste better than normal in-flight meals J he says.28 BGamda is not the only Asian airline to sell its food to the land-consumers publicly.Santan、owned by AirAsia,a bie low-cosi carrier、sells Iwo Malay staples,29D Co

34、conut Rice and Spicy beefat its main hub（n.中心）in Kuala Liunpur,Malaysia.Thai Airways offers stir-icd tiger shrimpsand lamb chops in 29ABanRkok.2 9 BChinese can pick up$5 stir-filed beef strip and Indian curryfish”fYom Cathay Pacifics calcring arm 餐饮部 I J.29CAustralians can choose from thevoluminous（

35、大量的）menu of SnapFresh,an airline caterer,or buy a mystery meal f?om GateGourmet,a rivaln.竞 争 对 which sells umain meals combination,or nvegetarian combination,inRulk大批的n.包裹）散装;Santan began dishing up its food on the ground in December,when it opened a restaurant inKuala Lumpur as part of a branding e

36、xercise.Most airline caterers pivoted to terrestrialadj.地球的retail 地面销售 after the pandemic forced the industry to make a hard landing.301n June IATA、a trade body、fbrecast 预测 that thn global air-transport industrys revenues收入 will 30CE11 by half this year.Marcello Massie,the general manager of PT.Aero

37、fbod,30Garudas caterer 供应商、savs that revenue at the comDany has plummeted by 97%since the start ofthe pandemic.In April il decided to start selling fbod directly to“DeoDle who miss flying”in order toshift 转 移 surplus stock and 30 A fecoiip 补偿 at least some of its losses.考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第8页（共14页

38、）26.According to the text,most travelers细节题-线索句26.根据文章，大多数旅行者一。A post photos about airline food on the internetA 在互联网上发布关于航空食品的照片B see the food as delicious B 认为食物美味可口C go on board four to six times per month.i,.f .t L C 每个月乘坐四到六次飞机L r 1.r r r -l.r t J.L.v-4-A A LtHalimans lifb?细节题27.疫情如何改变了鲁比扬托哈里曼的

39、生活？27.How the pandemic changed RubiyantoHalimans life?A He lost his job in a shrimp hatchery.-无中生有 A他失去了在虾孵化场的工作。B He has no choice but to eat airline food everyday.B他别无选择，只能每天吃飞机餐。C He can no longer send anything onInstagram.-无中生有 C他再也不能在Instagram上发任何东西了。D His flight life was brought to a halt 停止.D

40、他的飞行生活陷入了停顿。28.To cater to the emergency,airlines 不好定位-利用题文同序的原则28,为了迎合非常时刻的需要，航空公司OA pack food in plastic container to lowerthe cost-没提到降低成本 A用塑料容器包装食品以降低成本B sell food to the public on land B在陆地上向公众出售食物C improve quality to make food taste better-没说质量提高了Lc提高质量以使食物味道更好D develop home delivery service一

41、 只提到了RH的餐是送上门的 D发展送货上门服务29.Which of the following is right according toParagragh 3?细节题3 错 1 对29.根据第三段，下列哪项是正确的？A In Bangkok,lamb chops is much cheaperthan shrimps.-没说 A在曼谷，羊排比虾便宜得多。考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第9页（共14页）B Chinese can buy curry fish at Cathay Pacifichub.B 中国人可以在Cathay Pacific中心买到咖哩鱼。C SnapFre

42、sh is competitor to Gate GounnetEC SnapFresh在航空服务领域是Gatein airline service field.Gourmet的竞争对手。D Coconut Rice and Spicy beef are 由e-only-two staples in Santan.D椰子米和辣牛肉是Santan仅有的两种主盒。30.In the last paragraph,IATA implied that 细节题30.在最后一段中，国际航空运输协会暗zK oA airlines are turning to food sales to A 航空公司正转向食

43、品销售以减少损失reduce lossesB selling food to the public is mainly fbireducing stock pressureB 向公众出售食品主要是为了减轻库存压力C air-transport industrys profits will be slightlydown this y e a r 原文说的是一半C今年航空运输业的利润将略有下降D Garudas revenue has plummeted 97 percentsince the outbreak原文说的是供应商D Garuda的收入自疫情暴发以来暴跌了97%Text 3lln t

44、he United States、strategic 战略的 fbresight 先见之明 can be traced back to the RAND,athink tank 磐囊团 that the U.S.Air Force 空军 set up after World War IL 31BRather thanplumbing 探索 the mystery of judgment,31、RAND scholars hoied to replace it with the rational理性的 tools of quantitative analysis 定量分析.But as ihc。

45、erapDled 扭打 with 应对 the阿H胴H叫HiI函:军事需the Dostwar world、they could not escape the fhct that nuclear weapons hadfundamentally 根本地 changed the nature of warfare 战争.32ATwo countries、the United Statesand the Soviet Union,had acquired the ability to destroy each other as functioning civilizations 文明.And be

46、cause no one had ever fought a 35A nuclear war before,no one knew how best to fight(or考研英语最后4套 卷（英语二）试 卷（二）第10页（共14页）avoid）one.2One RAND analyst,who approached the problem of a potential apocalypse with a glee thatmade him a model for Stanley Kubricks Dr.Strangelove,was a mathematician named HermanK

47、ahn.In the atomicadi.原 厂的 are、Kahn realized、military strategists fhced32.Duncertainty toan absolutely unDrecedentedadj.前 所 未 有 的 degree（会 面 临 前 所 未有 的不 确定 性）.Nuclearwar is still（and hopefully will remain）so far from our experience,he wrote,f,that it is difficult toreason 推理 from,or illustrate 阐明 arg

48、uments 论点 by,analogies 类比 from history.M3How,then,Kahn asked,could military strategists develop the judgment crucial to makingdecisions about an uncertain future?It was the very question Knight had posed 主张,but unlikeKnight,Kahn had an answer:33 ersatz experience.Whal strategists 战略家 needed.he sugge

49、sted,were“strange 奇怪的 aids 辅助物 to thought”奇怪的 辅助物 in the fbrm of multiple imaginedfutures 以 多种想象未来的形式 that could be developed through simulationn.模拟）such as wargames战争游戏 and scenarios 情景介绍工4In 1961,Kahn left RAND to help found 创立 the Hudson Institute,where he eventually 最终shared his ideas with Pierr

50、e Wack,35Dan-exeartive-from Royal Dutch SheU.In the early 1970sWack 35Bfhmously applied Kahns ideas in the business world、bv dcvisinc 设计 scenarios 方案to help Shell urepare for what miht take place as the oilrich nations of the Middle Eatbecan to assert（V 坚称）themselves on the world When change did com