2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点十三必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues.pdf

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1、十 三 必 修 第 三 册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解A“Becoming Jane”Through 7 September 2021National Geographic MuseumJane Goodall began observing chimpanzees in 1960 at Gombe Stream Game Reserve in whatis now Tanzania,but her first study of animal behavior took place some 20 years earlier,whenshe,a

2、t 5 years old,spent several hours in a hen house,waiting to see how a hen laid an egg.That curiosity helped drive Goodall to become one of the most famous scientists of the 20thcentury.Her evolution from an innocent child to a“global icon（彳 禺 像）is documented inBecoming Jane”,an exhibit in Washington

3、,D.C.through 7 September.After that,itheads to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.Becoming Jane“is technology-heavy.Interactive digital displays,3-D experiences and ahologram（全，息图）-like appearance by Goodall herself will draw the attention of both adults andyoungsters.For those who hav

4、e followed GoodalPs career closely,the real treat is seeing herbirthday gifts and books from her childhood,field notes,Ph.D.papers and other personalbelongings and photos.Visitors will follow the path of her childhood dream gradually coming true,then the courseof her field study about chimpanzees in

5、 African wild forests,with remarkable achievements,andfinally her recent life as an Animal Rights activist.PRICE$15WHEN 22 November 20207 September 2021LOCATION 1145 17th Street NWWashington,D.C.20036【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 Jane Goodall的经历以及在华盛顿特区举办的旧ecoming Jane”主题展览的内容、特色和时间、地点等。1.Where is Becoming

6、 Jane“held before 7 September 2021?A.In Tanzania.B.In Washington,D.C.C.In Los Angeles County.D.In Janes hometown.【解析】选 Bo细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her evolution from.documented in BecomingJane,an exhibit in Washington,D.C.through 7 September.”可知，2021 年 9 月 7 日前，展览在华盛顿特区举办。2.What may attract Jane GoodalPs follow

7、ers most?A.Treats for children.B.Free books by Jane.C.Janes personal items.D.The applied technology.【解析】选 c。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，对那些追随Goodall的事业的人来说,真正的乐事是看到她小时候的生日礼物和书籍、野外记录、博士论文以及其他个人财物和相片。因此最吸引Jane Goodall的追随者的是她的私人物品。3.What type of writing is this text?A.A story.B.An advertisement.C.An official report.

8、D.A celebrity profile.【解析】选 Bo推理判断题。文章首段简单介绍了 Jane Goodall的经历，然后引出在华盛顿特区举办的“Becoming Jane”主题展览，且文章最后给出了票价、举办时间和地点等信息，符合广告的文体特点，故选B。BMany people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,says Ryan Fehr,

9、a professor atthe University of Washington.Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we dont always liveup to our own standards.We might also fear that the victim wont accept our apology,furtherdamaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”For ma

10、ny,apologizing is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology haspositive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promoteself-esteem.Apologies act as a signal of ones moral character,9,Fehr says.Researchers at Ohio State University have determined t

11、hat effective apologies have fiveelements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering torepair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five arent necessary every time.uThe more ofthose elements were included,the more likely the apology was seen as convinci

12、ng,“says RoyLewicki,the lead study author.Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the mostimportant piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called fbr,says Antony Manstead,a psychologyprofessor at Cardiff University.

13、But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be moreeffective to wait,because their anger may stop them accepting an apology.Some research suggeststhat a delay increases an apologys effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has hadtime to reflect on his/her misdeeds,“says Mara

14、 Olekalns,a professor of management at MelbourneBusiness School.The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,saysEtienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of AdvancedStudies.There is nothing worse in these situations than insince

15、re apologies.v【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就给出有效的道歉进行了说明一要承担责任、越真诚越好。4.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?A.They are kind and considerate people.B.They are afraid of losing face.C.They believe themselves right.D.They have high moral standards.【解析】选 Bo细

16、节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many,apologizing is stressful,awkward anduncomfortable.可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据stressful,awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。5.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?A.lb express regret.B.To express what went wrong.C.To accept respon

17、sibility.D.To request forgiveness.【解析】选 Co细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned outto be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration ofregret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。6.What can be inferred about an apolog

18、y from the last paragraph?A.The sooner,the better.B.The later,the better.C.The more often,the better.D.The more genuine,the better.【解析】选 D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations thaninsincere apologies.可知，在这些情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。据此判断出道歉时，越诚恳越好。7.What is the passage mainly about?A

19、.How you can make an effective apology.B.Why people avoid apologizing.C.What benefits you can get from an apology.D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉。第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响。三、四两段就做出有效的道歉进行了说明一一要承担责任、越真诚越好。可知本文大意是怎样才能有效地道歉。n.阅读填句In an effort to stop the pandemics advance,

20、we may be finding ourselves taking certainprecautionary（预防的）measures and maintaining a reasonable degree of social distance.Our habitshave had to change to accommodate the reality of coronavirus.People are advised against touching high-touch surfaces in public places,including elevatorbuttons,door h

21、andles,and especially other peoples hands.Consequently,the traditional habitof handshake has been substituted for other gestures,like elbow bump（碰撞）and foot tap,which involve less bodily contact.2 The foot tap and the elbow bump have a way of feelingvaguely ridiculous,and ifs hard to take them entir

22、ely seriously,especially in business settings.Centuries of tradition has normalized handshake in our culture,and it may be too deeply rooted inour custom to be abandoned.3 In 1996,a sales manager developed an experiment to test the impact of the handshakeon strangers.He found that more people told t

23、he truth when he introduced himself to them with ahandshake before asking the question.A handshake,he later told The New York Times.creates a higher level of trust,a degree of familiarity,within a matter of seconds.MWith more communication on screen,the handshake is an occasion to reach out and touc

24、hone another,to enjoy a tiny,fleeting connection.4 And meeting someone face to face,whether a client or a colleague,always suggests a closer level of familiarity than merely touchingbase online.As the coronavirus spreads and habits change,it may prove that you cant fist bump or foottap a handshake e

25、ither.Theres something in human nature that responds to the handshake.It feelsgood to shake the hand of someone you respect or admire,to have that moment of bonding._ 5When COVID-19 is a distant memory,chances seem good that the handshake will prevail（流行）again.A.The handshake is the first thing to g

26、o.B.In a sense it cant be seriously replaced.C.The handshake is a way of maintaining relationships.D.The real human contact feels all the more precious now.E.The handshake is also a rare gesture of casual closeness.F.These touch-free alternatives are likely to replace the handshake.G.However,adjusti

27、ng to these new forms of greeting has been difficult.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明因为新型冠状病毒，握手这一传统的手势被其他的问候姿势替代。但是作者认为握手有助于让人们之间建立亲密感，不会被真正代替的。1.【解析】选 A。空前一句说明因为新型冠状病毒，我们不得不改变习惯；而 A 项说明因为新型冠状病毒，人们首先要改变握手的习惯。下文第二段说明握手的传统习惯被其他的姿势所替代。故选A。2.【解析】选 Go空前一句说明为了减少身体接触，传统的握手的习惯已经用其他的手势代替，像手肘相碰和脚相碰；而 G 项说明适应这些新的问候方式一直很困难

28、。其中However表示转折;these new forms of greeting 指代空前句中的.other gestures,like elbow bump andfoot tapo 故选 Go3.【解析】选 E。该空位于段落的首句，应该是该段的主题句;E 项说明握手也是一种罕见的很随意、也很亲密的手势。下文又提到一位销售经理做的一个实验，他认为握手在几秒钟内就能营造出很高程度的信任和熟悉感。其 中 trust（信任），familiarity（熟悉）和 E 项中的closeness（亲密）意思相关。故 E 项可以作为该段的主题句。4.【解析】选 D。空前一句说明现在人们在屏幕上的交流越来

29、越多；空后一句提到与人面对面交流，总能让人感到更加熟悉。而 D 项说明“现在人与人之间的真正接触显得更加珍贵了二其中the real human contact与空前句中的communication on screen相对应，空后句中的 meeting someone face to face 意思相同。故选 Do5【解析】选 B。B 项说明在某种意义上，握手是不能被真正取代的；空后一句提到当新型冠状病毒肺炎成为一个遥远的记忆时，握手有可能还是会流行，空后一句是顺承B 项的话题,说明握手这一问候姿势不会被其他的姿势替代，还是会流行起来的。故选B。m.语法填空The height of the

30、worlds 1.(high)mountain,Mount Qomolangma,also known 2.Mount Everest in the West,has been updated by surveyors(测量员)and it is nowmeasured as standing 8,848.86 meters above sea level,China and Nepal(尼泊尔)announced onTuesday.The measurement 3.(announce)jointly by President Xi Jinping and hisNepalese coun

31、terpart Bidya Devi Bhandari as they exchanged letters on Tuesday.The two governments 4.(agree)to jointly announce the new height.In his letter,Xi noted that the teams of the two 5.(country)overcame various difficulties,carried outimportant work and finally determined the new height.As the movements

32、of the Indian and Eurasian plates continue,regular remeasurement of thepeak needs to be updated.Theoretically,this should be done every 10 to 15 years,said DangYamin,6.is in charge of the coordination of height measurement technologies.Mount Qomolangma is 7.important symbol of bilateral(双边的)friendsh

33、ip.Tuesdays announcement on the mountains height is significant in 8.(link)the past andthe future,and it fully reflects the high level of the evolving China-Nepal relationship.China iswilling to work with Nepal 9.(promote)cooperation in 10.(environment)protection and scientific research on Qomolangm

34、a.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰依然在生长之中，它现在的最新高度是8 848.86米。1.【解析】highest.考查形容词最高级。根据语境知，这里表示世界上最高的山，所以用high的最高级highest.,2.【解析】as。考查固定搭配。根据句意和语法知识知，此处be known as是固定搭配，表示“作为而出名二3.【解析】was announcedo考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境和下文exchanged知，时态为一般过去时；同时根据介词by可知，测量是被宣布的，故填was announced。4.【解析】agreedo考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，时

35、态为一般过去时，故填agreed。5.【解析】countries。考查名词的数。根据上文的two可知，此处是中国和尼泊尔两个国家，故用复数形式。6.【解析】whoo考查定语从句。根据句意知，先行词是Dang Yamin,在从句中作主语，同时表示一个人，故填关系代词who。7【解析】an。考查冠词。根据句意知.此处表示“珠穆朗玛峰是双边友谊的一个重要象征”，且important发音是以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。8.【解析】linking.,考查非谓语动词。根据句意及介词in知，后面加动名词，故填linking。9.【解析】to promoteo考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构知，此处需要非谓语

36、动词，同时表示目的，意为“和尼泊尔一起工作来提升两国之间的合作”，故用不定式形式。10【解析】environmental。考查词性转换。根据语境知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰protection,故填 environment 的形容词形式 environmental,IV.应用文写作假定你是李华，国外友好学校师生代表要来你校访问，学校英语协会招聘志愿者来帮助接待来访的师生。你想应聘志愿者，请你写封信应聘，内容包括：1 .较好的英语口语能力；2.有相关的工作经验；3.应聘目的。【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,On seeing your notice of recruiting v

37、olunteers to help the visiting foreign friends,Im morethan excited to apply for the position,which I believe I am quite equal to.Owing to many years of English studying,I can talk in English fluently.So theres noproblem for me to communicate with foreigners.In addition,I have ever served as a volunt

38、eer toreceive foreigners,making myself more competitive and qualified for this position.Besides helping the foreign students,I think it is a great chance for me to practice myspeaking skills and gain more experience.I will be really appreciate it if you can give me a chance.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua