专题10宾语从句--初中英语重要语法精讲（江苏专用）.pdf

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1、专题1 0宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。例l.We know Mr Green teaches E n g lish.（动词宾语）2.Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.（介词宾语）二、宾语从句三要素1连接词1).当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略.【例 1 1 .She told me(that)she would like to go with us.2.He said(that)he could finish his work

2、 before supper.2).当由一般疑问句或者选择疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。【例】1.1 dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.2.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.但在下列情况下只能用whether 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。例Let me know whether he will come or not.(=Let me know whether

3、or not he will come)I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.在介词之后用whethero【例】Im interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whethero【例】He hasnt decided whether to visit the old m a n.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I don*t know whether to g o.我不知去否

4、。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。【例】Whether this is true or not,I cant s a y.这是否真的我说不上来。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b.If you like the book,plea

5、se let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3).如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。【例】1.1 dont know why the train is late.2.The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.2.语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分 例1.1 think(that)you will like this school soon.2.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?3.She asked me if I k

6、new whose pen it was.注意：如果what，s wrong/what，s the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。【例题精讲】例 1.1 want to know whafs wrong with you.例 2.She doesnt know whats the matter with him.例 3.Jack didnt know what happened.例 4.1 want to know whafs on the desk.3.时态1).如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓

7、语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。【例】1.1 dont know when he will come back.2.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.2).如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。【例】l.She says that she is a student.(x)She said that she was a student.(V)2.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week

8、.(x)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.(Y)3.She says that she has finished her homework already.(x)She said that she had finished her homework already.(d)3).如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。【例】l.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2.He told me that Ja

9、pan is an island country.注意：如果主句中出现could you/would you,这些不是过去时，而只是表示委婉语气，用法视为一般现在时，所以从句依具体时态而定。Could you tell me how I can get to the library?Could you tell us if he has been to the Great Wall?三、宾语从句注意要点if和 when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和 when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状

10、语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如 和 当时候)当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。【例】1.Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry,I dont know.When he comes back,Ill tell you.对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。2.I donT know if he will co m e.我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt ra in.如果不下雨，他会来的。四、宾语从句的简

11、化方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise(和主观决定有关)等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.We decided to help him.方法二:当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell（和记忆认知有关）等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可

12、简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。彳 列 She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.【例】Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三：当主句的谓语动词是。rder（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名 词（代词）+不定式”结构。例The headmaster ordered t

13、hat we should start at once.The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was bom.The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语

14、从句可转化为“宾语+Ving形 式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground,t Liu Ping found a wallet lying on theground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例It seemed that the boys were going to win.The boys seemed to win.特殊句式的转化：【例】I found that it was difficult to learn Engli

15、sh well.1 found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.Soon we found the ground covered withthick snow.五、宾语从句的反义疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，宾语从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I thin

16、k he isnt a student.（x）I dorft think he is a student.(4)I dont think he is a student,?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?把下列句子合并成一句(1)These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said these flowers from Guangdong.(2)Light travels faster

17、 than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me light faster than sound.(3)Can they speak French?I want to know.I want to know French.(4)Are the children playing games?Tell me.Tell me the children games.(5)How many people can you see in the picture?Who knowsWho knowsin the picture(6)What does he o

18、ften talk about?The girl wondered.The girl wondered often about.(7)Who knocked at the door so loudly?I dont know.I dont know at the door so loudly.【答案】1.that,were 2.that,travels 3.whether they can speak 4whether,are playing 5.how many people youcan see 6.what he talked 7.who knocked用合适的连接词填空1.Wang H

19、ai told me he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how,why)2.She said it wouldnt matter much.(that,if)3.He always thinks he can do better.(how,who)4.They dont know we are going hiking,(when,what)5.She wanted to know her coat would be ready the next day.(when,if)【答案】l.why 2.that 3.hovv 4.when 5.if动词填

20、空1.1 didnt realize I(leave)the key at home until I got to my car.So I had to go back.2.Jack said h e(r e t u r n)the two books to the library in a week.3.The old scientist was awarded a gold medal for what he(do)for the development of modemscience since the mid-twentieth century.4.It was a pity that

21、 you(not attend)the meeting last Friday afternoon.5.The teacher wanted to know if I(f i n i s h)my composition.6.It was raining hard,but none of them said t h e y(s t o p)working in the fields.7.Xiao Wang didnt want to tell me anything about what he j u s t(h e a r).8.My brother said he(l et)me have

22、 the bike as soon as he had cleaned it.【答案】1.had left l.would return 3.had done 4.didn9t attend 5.had finished 6.would stop7.had heard 8.would let链接中考：（2022 扬州市中考）14.一Excuse me,could you tell me?You can take No.6 bus there.Its about 15 minutes ride.A.how far is the Slender West Lake B.how far the Sl

23、ender West Lake isC.how can I get to the Slender West Lake D.how I can get to the Slender West Lake【答案】D【解析】句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？你可以在那里乘坐6 路公交车。大 约 15分钟的车程。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“You can take No.6 bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用 how引导宾语从句。故选D。（2022 宿迁市中考）14.Jenny,do you know?Er,next Tuesday.A.when th

24、e sports meeting will take place B.when will the sports meeting take placeC.where the sports meeting will take place D.where will the sports meeting take place【答案】A【解析】句意：珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？额，下周二。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除B D；根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间,用 when引导宾语从句。故选A。（2022 连云港市中考）13.Could you please tell

25、 me?You can take No.2 Bus.A.when was the nearest hospital built B.how can I get to the nearest hospitalC.when the nearest hospital was built D.how I can get to the nearest hospital【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句和问路的方式。D 表示“我怎样能够到达最近的医院”。（2022 无锡市中考）8.一Julie was playing the piano every time I saw her.You know.A.ever

26、y dog has its day B.many hands make light workC.practice makes perfect D.the early bird catches the worm【答案】c【解析】考查谚语辨析。这句话的意思是：每次我看见茱莉亚她都在弹钢琴。你知道“孰能生巧”的道理。（2022 泰州市中考）9.Mum,do you know?An engineer.一Thafs interesting.I guess you often fix things for others in your school.A.what do my classmates call me B.what my classmates call meC.why do my classmates call me D.why my classmates call me【答案】B【解析】句意：妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“An engineer.”可知，是“叫我什么”,用 whato故选B,