山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题(解析版).pdf

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1、山西省吕梁市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟第 一 部 分 听 力（共两节，满分3 0分）略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分4 0分）第 一 节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分3 0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMusicOpera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August,withadditional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy

2、 the Arts membershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742.http:.Chamber Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street,whichoffers several concerts from March through June.Call 723-1182 for more information.http:.Symphony Orchestra:At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales,call 381-3300.Reg

3、ular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend.http:www.symphony.org/home.asp.College Conservatory of Music（CCM）:Performances are on the main campus of theuniversity,usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.CCM organizes a variety of events,includingperformances by the we

4、ll-known LaSalle Quartet,CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra,and variousgroups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.Students with I.D.cards canattend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the boxoffice at 556-4183.http:www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calen

5、dar.Riverbend Music Theater:6295 Kellogg Ave.Large outdoor theater with the closest seatsunder cover（price difference）.Big name shows all summer long!Phone:232-6220.http:.1.Which website should you visit if you want to see an opera?A.http:/.B.http:/www.symphony.org/home.asp.C.http:/.D.http:/.2.Where

6、 can students go for free performances with their LD.cards?A.Patricia Cobbett Theater.B.Memorial Hall.C.Music Hall.D.Riverbend Music Theater.3.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?A.It gives shows all year round.B.It offers seats in the open air.C.It has membership discount

7、s.D.It presents only musical works.K语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章对五个网站上的歌剧及管弦乐等乐曲作品的演出时间，内容及购票等细节做了介绍。K答 案 1 1.C 2.A 3.B1 .K解 析法田节理解题。根据第一段“Opera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street.The season runsJune through August,with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honorsEnjoy the Arts membership discounts

8、.Phone:241 2742.榆树街1243号。从 6 月持续到8 月，在 3 月和9 月有额外的演出。歌剧荣誉期/o y/eA 心享受会员折扣。电话：241-2742oo 故选 C。http:/.（音乐厅歌剧：http:/）“可知，如果你想看歌剧，应该去http:/2.K解 析细节理解题。根据第四则信息College Conservatory of Music（CCM）中的首Performances are on the main campus of the university,usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.（演出在大学的主校区，通常在帕特丽夏

9、科贝特剧院）”以及下文中的“Students with ID.cards canattend the events for free.（持身份证的学生可以免费参加活动户可知，学生可以凭身份证去Patricia Cobbett Theater 免费看演出。故选 A 3.K解 析 II细节理解题。根据第五则信息Riverbend Music Theater中“Large outdoor theaterwith the closest seats under cover（price difference）.（大型室外剧院，提供最接近的座位（价格差异）户和对比其他信息可知，只有Riverbend Mu

10、sic Theater是室外剧院，有提供露天座位。因此，Riverbend Music Theater和其他地方不同的是它有露天座位。故选B。BOn February 5,2022,China claimed its first gold at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Gamesin the 2000m mixed team relay of short track speed skating.The Chinese quartet（四人组）of FanKexin,Qu Chunyu,Ren Ziwei and Wu Dajing stormed to

11、a thrilling victory at the Beijing WinterOlympics in 2:37.348.Italy took the silver and Hungary bagged the bronze.According to the rules,each team is made up of two men and two women,and each of fourskaters covers four and a half laps in the 2000-meter race.Olympic silver medalist Fan skated thefirs

12、t leg of the final race,but the race was restarted as Canadian and Hungarian athletes fell downsoon after the starting pistol（发令枪）was fired.As the race started again,Fan finished the first leg in third,and her teammates came frombehind to lead the race.In the last ten laps,China steadily extended th

13、e advantage,while skatersfrom Canada and Hungary collided（相撞）.The Italians finished 0.016 seconds behind China,almost cut the deceit.Powerhouses South Korea and the Netherlands were penalized and knockedout from the final.Ive been waiting for this gold medal fbr a long time.I always believe in our t

14、eam and myteammates,M said Fan with tears rolling down her face after the competition.Weve been traininghard every day,and we can even feel blood in our throat when we stepped out of the rink.Wemade it!”The victory solidifies Chinas dominance in short-track speed skating.Wu said,Ourshort track team

15、is a big family.We never give up and always go all out for every opportunity towin.”4.What is the purpose of paragraph 1?A.To explain the rules of the speed skating event.B.To introduce speed skaters from different countries.C.To show the result of the short-track speed skating race.D.To stress the

16、importance of the Chinese teams victory.5.Why was the mixed 2000m relay race restarted?A.Two athletes fell down accidentally in the final race.B.The starting pistol was fired at the wrong time.C.Some players broke the rules in the competition.D.The skating track was not in good condition.6.What do t

17、he underlined words“cut the deficit“probably mean in paragraph 3?A.Scored the same.B.Broke the record.C.Lost the race.D.Missed the match.7.What can we learn from the short track teams success?A.Failure is the mother of success.B.Well begun,half done.C.Each coin has two sides.D.God helps those who he

18、lp themselves.K语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国在北京2022年冬奥会短道速滑2000米混合团体接力比赛中摘得首金的事情。K答 案 14.C 5.A 6.A 7.D4.K解 析X 推理判断题。根据第一段”On February 5,2022,China claimed its first gold atthe Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games in the 2000m mixed team relay of short track speedskating.The Chinese quartet of Fan Kexin,Qu Chu

19、nyu,Ren Ziwei and Wu Dajing stormed to athrilling victory at the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2:37.348.Italy took the silver and Hungarybagged the bronze.（2022年 2 月 5 日，中国在北京2022年冬奥会短道速滑2000米混合团体接力比赛中摘得首金。在北京冬奥会上，范可欣、曲春雨、任子威和武大靖四人组合以2分 37秒 348的成绩取得了惊心动魄的胜利。意大利获得银牌，匈牙利获得铜牌户可知，第一段的目的是展示短道速滑比赛的结果。故选C。5.K

20、解 析H 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Olympic silver medalist Fan skated the first leg ofthe final race,but the race was restarted as Canadian and Hungarian athletes fell down soon afterthe starting pis（发令枪）was fired.（奥运会银牌得主Fan在决赛中滑了第一回合，但在发令枪响后不久，加拿大和匈牙利运动员摔倒，比赛重新开始。）“可知，重新开始2000米混合式接力赛是因为两名运动员在决赛中意外摔倒。故选A。6.K解 析 词句猜

21、测题。根据第三段的“The Italians finished 0.016 seconds behind China（意大利队落后中国队0.016秒）”可知，两队之间的差距非常非常小，几乎是一样的分数，因此cut the deficit意为“得分相同”，和 A 选项意思相近，故选A。7.K解 析 K 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We，ve been training hard every day（我们每天都在亥ij苦训I练）和 We never give up and always go all out for every opportunity to win.（我们从不放弃，总是全力以赴，争

22、取每一个胜利的机会。户可知，这个团队训练得很辛苦，才有了好的成绩，因此我们可以从短道速滑队的成功中学到的是：自助者天助，即 God helps thosewho help themselves,故选 DoCIn a new study,scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and foundmicroplastics（微塑料）in 17.Half the samples contained PET plastic,which is commonly used indrinks bottles,while a thi

23、rd contained polystyrene（聚苯乙烯），which is used for packaging foodand other products.A quarter of the blood samples contained polyethylene,from which plasticcarrier bags are made.Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the waste of babiescompared with adults and that babies f

24、ed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions ofmicroplastic particles（微粒）a day.We also know in general that babies are more sensitive tochemical and particle exposure/said Prof Dick Vethaak,a scientist at Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdam.44That worries me a lot.”The new research adapted existing techn

25、iques to detect and analyze particles as small as0.0007mm.Some of the blood samples contained two or three types of plastic.The team usedsteel needles and glass tubes to avoid pollution and tested for background levels of microplasticsusing blank samples.Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type

26、 of plastic varied between the blood samples.“But this is a pioneering study,“he said,“with more work now needed.He said the differencesmight reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken,such as drinking from aplastic coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask.“Are the particles pr

27、eserved in the body?Are they transported to certain organs?And arethese levels high enough to cause disease?,Vethaak said.More detailed research on howmicroplastics affect the structures and processes of the human body,and whether and how theycan transform cells and how they may cause cancer,is urge

28、ntly needed.The problem is becomingmore urgent each day,“Vethaak added.8.What does the new study in paragraph 1 show?A.Microplastic pollution is harmful to human health.B.Drinks bottles contain more microplastics than plastic carrier bags.C.Microplastics have been found in human blood by scientists.

29、D.Food packaging is the main source of microplastics in the human body.9.What makes Vethaak worried in paragraph 2?A.The food fed to babies.B.The mass production of plastic bottles.C.The effect of microplastics on babies.D.The increasing amount of chemicals in fool.10.What might cause microplastics

30、to vary between blood samples according to Prof DickVethaak?A.Various sampling time.B.Short-term exposure to plastics before sampling.C.Different ways of sampling.D.Pollution of blood samples.11.What is the Vethaak attitude to the effects of microplastics on human body from the lastparagraph?A.Doubt

31、ful.B.Cautious.C.Joyful.D.Anxious.K语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了 2 2 名健康献血者的血液样本，在 17名献血者中发现了微塑料，R 答 案 1 8.C 9.C 10.B 11.D8.K解 析细节理解题。根据第一a new study,scientists analyzed blood samplesfrom 22 healthy donators and found microplastics（微塑料）in 17.（在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了 22名健康献血者的血液样本，在 17名献血者中发现了微塑料厂可知，第一段的

32、新研究表明了科学家在人类血液中发现了微塑料。故选C。9.K解 析II 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previous work had shown that microplastics were10 times higher in the waste of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plasticbottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles（微粒）a day.We also know in generalthat babies are more se

33、nsitive to chemical and particle exposure（之前的研究表明，婴儿排泄物中的微粒是成人排泄物的10倍，用塑料瓶喂养的婴儿每天吞咽数百万塑料微粒。我们也知道，一般来说，婴儿对接触化学物质和粒子更敏感）“可知，Vethaak在第二段中担心的是微塑料对婴儿的影响。故选C。10.K解 析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Vethaak acknowledged that the amount andtype of plastic varied between the blood samples.i4But this is a pioneering study,“he

34、said,“withmore work now needed.1 He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before theblood samples were taken,such as drinking from a plastic coffee cup or wearing a plastic facemask.（Vethaak承认，血液样本中塑料的数量和类型各不相同。“但这是一项开创性的研究，”他说，“现在还需要做更多的工作。“他说，这种差异可能反映了血样采集前的短期接触，比如用塑料咖啡杯喝咖啡或戴塑料口罩。

35、）”可知，根据Dick Vethaak教授的说法，导致不同血液样本之间的微塑料不同的原因是取样前短期接触塑料。故选Bo11.R解 析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“More detailed research on how microplasticsaffect the structures and processes of the human body,and whether and how they can transformcells and how they may cause cancer,is urgently needed.The problem is becoming more u

36、rgenteach day（迫切需要对微塑料如何影响人体结构和过程，以及它们是否和如何转化细胞，以及它们如何可能导致癌症进行更详细的研究。这个问题每天都变得更加紧迫）”可知，Vethaak对微塑料对人体的影响的态度是担心的，即 anxious。故选D。DEvery driver loves sailing through a series of green lights without having to stop and wait at atraffic light.Now,thanks to artificial intelligence,German researchers have f

37、ound a way to reducetime spent at crossings.Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure,the innovation is being tested.Scientists first studied algorithms（算法）taken from a busycrossing to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most ne

38、eded.There is agreat necessity to speed up waiting times at crossings as traditional methods are inflexible,according to the Fraunhofer Institute.The new AI method uses radar sensors and high-resolution cameras to interpret trafficpatterns in real-time.They can determine the speed of traffic as well

39、 as waiting times and combinethis with algorithms.Scientists are currently trying this out at a busy crossing in Lemgo,Germany,with encouraging results.The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent,which results inmoney saved;the EU estimates that traffic jams create ec

40、onomic damage that adds up to 100billion euros a year.Apart from reducing commuting time,these traffic lights will reduce noiseand CO2 emissions from cars idling（空转）at crossings.Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project,which studiespedestrians passing crossings.Using AI,re

41、searchers can identify how many people are waiting ata pedestrian crossing and whether some of these people will need extra time to cross the street.Using a 3D points cloud,they can tell if someone has disabilities or is elderly without identifyingthe individual.Because pedestrian buttons that are p

42、resently at crossings cannot determine if somepeople have special needs or are elderly,this is a real win.Such a needs-based system couldreduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent,which could then decrease jaywalking（乱穿马路）by 25 percent.Testing will be done until the late summer of 2022 in the Germ

43、an towns of Lemgo andBielefeld,with researchers optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries.This technology isexciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike.It encourages safety,protects the environment,andmay even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work!

44、12.What is the function of AI in the KI4LSA project?A.To avoid noise pollution.B.To control the speed of traffic.C.To remind people of traffic rules at crossings.D.To provide real-time information about traffic.13.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A.Ways of improving traffic flow.B.The development of

45、 artificial intelligence.C.The effect of traffic jams on the environment.D.Advantages caused by the intelligent lights.14.What can we learn about the K14PED project?A.It can be helpful to pedestrians with special needs.B.It can identify the individual accurately.C.It can avoid traffic accidents with

46、 a 3D points cloud.D.It has been applied to streets in many countries.15.Which could be the best title for the text?A.The Bright Future of AI TechnologyB.The Intelligent Traffic Lights:A Blessing for TransportationC.Digital Traffic System:A Sign of Smart CitesD.The New Traffic Service for Old Citize

47、nsK语篇解读本文是说明文。利用人工智能，德国研究人员找到了一种减少十字路口停留时间的方法。E答 案2 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.B12.K解 析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The new AI method uses radar sensors andhigh-resolution cameras to interpret traffic patterns in real-time.（这种新的人工智能方法使用雷达传感器和高分辨率摄像头实时解读交通模式）”可知，人工智能在KI4LSA项目中的作用是提供实时的交通信息。故选D。13.K解 析1 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The intel

48、ligent lights are said to improve traffic flowby 10 to 15 percent,which results in money saved;the EU estimates that traffic jams createeconomic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year.Apart from reducing commuting time,these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars idlin

49、g（空转）at crossings.说，智能灯可以使交通流量提高10%到 15%,从而节省了资金；欧盟估计，交通拥堵每年造成的经济损失总计达100（）亿欧元。除了减少通勤时间，这些交通信号灯还将减少在十字路口急速行驶的汽车产生的噪音和二氧化碳排放户可知，第四段主要讲述了智能灯的优点。故选D。14.K解 析U 细节理解题。根据侄数第二段“Another exciting development in this researchis the K14PED project,which studies pedestrians passing crossings.Using AI,researchers

50、 canidentify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of these peoplewill need extra time to cross the street.Using a 3D points cloud,they can tell if someone hasdisabilities or is elderly without identifying the individual4这项研究中另一个令人兴奋的进展是 K14PED项目，它研究行人通过十字路口。通过人工智能，研究