英语阅读理解考研真题.pdf

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1、英语阅读理解考研真题英语阅读理解考研真题1Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more thantwo-thirds of young Americans disapprove of PresidentTrump s use of Twitter.The implication is thatMillennials prefer news from the White House to befiltered through other source,Not a president,ssocial media platform.Most

2、Americans rely on social media to check dailyheadlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their medialiteracy skills.Such a trend is badly needed.D uringthe 20XX presidential campaign,nearly a quarter ofweb content shared by Twitter users in thepolitically c

3、ritical state of Michigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a surveyconducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent ofFacebook users rarely or never trust news from themedia giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeedbeing more skillful at separating fact from fictionin

4、cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group surveyof young people between ages 14and24 found they useadistributed trustw to verify stories.They crosscheck sources and prefer news from differentperspectives especially those that are open aboutany bias.Many young people assume a great deal ofpersonal r

5、esponsibility for educating themselves andactively seeking out opposing viewpoints,n thesurvey concluded.Such active research can have another effect.A20XX survey conducted in Australia,Britain,and theUnited States by the University of Wisconsin-Madisonfound that young people s reliance on social me

6、dialed to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience newsevents more intimately and immediately while alsopermitting them to re-share news as a projection oftheir values and interests.This forces users to bemore conscious of their role in passing alonginformation.A survey b

7、y Barna research group foundthe top reason given by Americans for the fake newsphenomenon is“reader error,n more so than made-upstories or factual mistakes in reporting.About athird say the problem of fake news lies inmisinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media.In other words,t

8、he choice to sharenews on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a real personalresponsibility in counteracting this problem,w saysRoxanne Stone,editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an overtweeting president,they reveal a mental disciplinei

9、n thinking skills-and in their choices on when toshare on social media.26.According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2,manyyoung Americans cast doubts onA the justification of the news-filteringpractice.B people s preference for social mediaplatforms.C the administrations ability to handleinformation.D socia

10、l media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase“beer up”(Line 2,Para.2)isclosest in meaning toA sharpenB defineC boastD share28.According to the knight foundation survey,young peopleA tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B verify news by referring to diverse resources.C have s strong sense

11、 of responsibility.D like to exchange views on udistributedtrust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause forthe fake news problem isA readers outdated values.B journalists,biased reportingC readers mi s interpretat ionD journalistS,made-up stories.30.Which of the following would be the best titl

12、efor the text?A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing NewsOnlineB A Counteraction Against the Over-tweetingTrendC The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on SocialMedia.D The Platforms for Projection of PersonalInterests.英语阅读理解考研真题2Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank ofAmerica in August,his

13、 explanation was surprisinglystraight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in theusual vague excuses,he came right out and said hewas leaving“to pursue my goal of running a pany.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much mydecision,“McGee says.Within two weeks,he wastalking for the first time with the boa

14、rd of HartfordFinancial Services Group,which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined upgave him time to reflect on what kind of pany hewanted to run.It also sent a clear message to theoutside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn talone.In recent wee

15、ks the No.2 executives at Avonand American Express quit with the explanation thatthey were looking for a CEO post.As boardsscrutinize succession plans in response toshareholder pressure,executives who don t get thenod also may wish to move on.A turbulent businessenvironment also has senior managers

16、cautious ofletting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to takehold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make thejump without a net.In the third quarter,CEOturnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervousboards stuck with the leaders they had,according toL

17、iberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look fora better one is unconventional.For years executivesand headhunters have adhered to the rule that themost attractive CEO candidates are the ones who mustbe poached.

18、Says Korn/Ferry senior partner D ennisCarey：I can t think of a single search I ve donewhere a board has not instructed m e to look atsitting CEOs first.nThose who jumped without a job haven t alwayslanded in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit aschief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wantedt

19、o be a C EO.It was a year before she became head ofa tiny Internet-based modities exchange.RobertWiHumstad left Citigroup in 20XX with ambitions tobe a CEO.He finally took that post at a majorfinancial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fortop performers.The

20、 financial crisis has made it moreacceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it s safer to stay whereyou are,but that s been fundamentally inverted,“says one headhunter.The people who ve been hurtthe worst are those who ve stayed too long.”26.W hen M cGee announced

21、 his departure,hismanner can best be described as beingAarrogant.B frank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,seniorexecutives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boar

22、ds.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraphthatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.ECtop

23、performers care more about reputations.Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title forthe text?ACEOs：Where to Go?BCEOs：All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top Performers英语阅读理解考研真题3Text 2An old saying has it that half of a

24、ll advertisingbudgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows whichhalf.In the internet age,at least in theory,thisfraction can be much reduced.By watching whatpeople search for,click on and say online,paniescan aim“behavioural“ads at those most likely tobuy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel hasi

25、llustrated the value to advertisers of such finegrained information：Should advertisers assume thatpeople are happy to be tracked and sent behaviouralads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 20XX Americas Federal TradeCommission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track”(DNT)option to interne

26、t browsers,so that userscould tell adwertisers that they did not want to befollowed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and ApplesSafari both offer DNT；Googles Chrome is due to doso this year.In February the FTC and DigitalAdwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industrywould get cracking on responging to

27、 DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row：It saidthat Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appearwindows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stoptracking,although some panies have promised to do so.

28、Unable to tell whether someone really objects tobehavioural ads or whether they are sticking withMicrosoft s default,some may ignore a DNT signaland press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it sayswill ply with DNT requests,though it i

29、s stillworking out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will bee thenorm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge sellingpoint for windows 8-though the firm has pared some ofits other products favourably with Googles on thatcount before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chiefp

30、rivacy officer,bloggde：we believe consumers shouldhave more control.Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to：A ease petition among themselvesB lower their operational costsC avoid plaints from consumersD provide better online services2

31、7.“The industryw(Line 6,Para.3)refers to：A online advertisersB e-merce conductorsC digital information analysisD internet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as adefaultA many cut the number of junk adsB fails to affect the ad industryEC will not benefit consumersD goes against h

32、uman nature29.which of the following is ture according toParagraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purposeB Advertisers are willing to implement DNTEC DNT is losing its popularity among consumersD Advertisers are obliged to offer behaviouralads30.The authors attitude towards what BrendonLynch sai

33、d in his blog is one of：A indulgenceB understandingC appreciactionD skepticism英语阅读理解考研真题4Text 2All around the world,lawyers generate morehostility than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism.But thereare few places where clients have more grounds forplaint than

34、 America.D uring the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice asfast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pileinto law schools.But most law graduates never get abig-firm job.Many of them instead bee the

35、kind ofnuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system acostly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is theexcessive costs of a legal education.There is justone path for a lawyer in most American states：afour-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 lawschools authorized by the American Bar

36、 Associationand an expensive preparation for the bar exam.Thisleaves today s average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Lawschool debt means that they have to work fearsomelyhard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers andtheir customers.Sensible ideas have b

37、een around fora long time,but the state-level bodies that governthe profession have been too conservative toimplement them.One idea is to allow people to studylaw as an undergraduate degree.Another is to letstudents sit for the bar after only two years of lawschool.If the bar exam is truly a stern e

38、nough testfor a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earliershould be allowed to do so.Students who do not needthe extra training could cut their debt mountain by athird.The other reason why costs are so high is therestrictive guild-like ownership structure of thebusiness.Except in the District of C

39、olumbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.Thiskeeps fees high and innovation slow.There ispressure for change from within the profession,butopponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyersfrom the pressure to make money rather tha

40、n serveclients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in lawfirms would reduce costs and improve services tocustomers,by encouraging law firms to use technologyand to employ professional managers to focus onimproving firms efficiency.After all,othercountries,such as Australia and Brita

41、in,havestarted liberalizing their legal professions.Americashould follow.26.a lot of students take up law as theirprofession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.D the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the follow

42、ing adds to the costs oflegal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAdmissions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelor,s degree in another major.D Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system

43、originates fromAlawyers,and clients strong resistance.Bthe rigid bodies governing the profession.Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.D non-professionals sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure isconsidered“restrictive”partly because itAbans outsiders involvement in the profession.Bkeep

44、s lawyers from holding law-firm shares.Caggravates the ethical situation in the trade.Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text,the author mainly discussesAflawed ownership of America s law firms andits causes.Bthe factors that help make a successful lawyerin America.Ca problem in America s legal profession andsolutions to it.Dthe role of undergraduate studies in Americalegal education.