全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.pdf

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1、2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答L 2 0题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weightfluctuations.,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from beinggenerally

2、 healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.That was bad to myoverall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinkingonly ofjthe number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted withhow I needed to train to_5_my goals.I also found that weighin

3、g myself daily did not provide an accurate 6_of the hard workand progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month tonotice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program.Themost 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For thes

4、e 9_,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthlyweighing schedule 10.Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for meto 11 my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to 13 my tra

5、iningprogram.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well.If mytraining intensity remains the same,but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight,this isa 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my ov

6、erall health,fitness and well-being.Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I nolonger carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in.Ive also experienced greatersuccess in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 Im training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 o

7、ver the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothesfit and your overall energy level.1、单选题 第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.However0.Besides正确答案：C参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：如果太频繁，这种习惯的坏处要比好处多。前 文wonderfulway（好方法）与 后 文hurt（损害）形成转折关系，故填入however（然而）。其他选项：therefore（因此），otherwis

8、e（否则）和besides（此外）放在此处皆不符合语境，故 选C。2、单选题 第（2）题选A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps正确答案：D参考解析：空格所在句指出this habit can sometimes hurt more thanit.（这种习 惯的坏处要比多），应该是helps（有 帮 助，有好处），与前文hurt（损害）形成反义复现。其他选项：cares（关心），warns（警告）,reduces（减 少，致使）均不能与hurt形成呼应，故 选Do3、单选题 第（3）题选A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formally0.initially

9、正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在句指出：至 于 我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和充 足的体力转移到_ _ _ _ _体重秤上。填 入solely（仅仅）,语义通顺。另外本句 foeusing solely on the scale 中的 solely（仅仅）与本段后文 thinkingonly of the number on the scale 的 only 形成了同义复现，故选 Ao4、单选题 第（4）题选A.loweringB.explainingC.accepting0.recording正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在句指出：我曾经为了增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑体重秤上

10、的数字，我改变了我的训练方案。填 入lowering（减少或降低）,语义通顺。另 外，该句中有but,说明前后为转折关系。lower与前文gainweight（增重）形成反义复现，其他选项：explaining（解释），accepting（接受）,recording（记录）均不符合文意，故 选A。5、单选题 第（5）题选A.setB.reviewC.reach0.modify正确答案：C参考解析：空格所在句指出：这与我需要如何训练以 目标相冲突。此处填入 reach（达到）与goal（目标）形成动宾搭配，且语义通顺。其他选项：set（设定），modify（修改）虽然可以与goal搭 配，但与文

11、意不符；review（评 论,温习）和goal不能形成搭配，故 选Co6、单选题 第（6）题选A.depictionB.distributionC.prediction.definition正确答案：A参考解析：分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现，每天称体重并不能为我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的进步提供精确的 o空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺。A项 depiction（描写，叙述）符合语义要求；B项distribution（分布,分配）,C 项 prediction（预言,预 测）,D 项 definition（定义）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选A。7、单选题 第（7）题选A.reg

12、ard less ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to正确答案：D参考解析：空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显著变化 改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的递进关系,只有D项due t。（由于）符合要求;A项regardless of（不管，不顾）,B项aside from（除 以外;尚有.），C项along with（与.一起,连同）代入后，语义皆不通顺，故选D。8、单选题 第（8）题选A.rigidB.preciseC.immediate0.orderly正确答案：C参考解析：分析空格处所在句的句意：最 的改变

13、将会体现在技能水平、力量和身高降低上。空格处所需的形容词要和后面的changes构成语义搭配，并且符合语境。C项immediate（立即的，直接的）符合语义要求；A项rigid（严格的），B项precise（精确的），D项orderly（有秩序的）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选co9、单选题 第（9）题选A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methods0.claims正确答案：B参考解析：空格所在句指出：由于这些_ _ _ _ _（these指代上文提到的缺点），我停止每天称体重。停止每天称体重 与上面两段的描述构成因果关系，故只有B项reasons（原因）符合要求；A项jud

14、gments（判断），C项methods（方法，方式），D项claims（要求，索赔）代入后，语义不通顺，故选Bo10、单选题 第（10）题选A.thoughB.againC.indeed0.instead正确答案：D参考解析：空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天称体重。后半句话句意：转而改为两个月称一次体重。switched to 转而与D项instead对应。D项instead代替反而）符合语义要求其他选项A项though（虽然，尽管），B项again（又，再一次），C项indeed（的确，实在）代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选Do11、单选题 第（11）题选A.trac

15、kB.overlookC.conceal0.report正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal（因为减重不是我的目的）,it is less important for me to my weight each week（对我来说，每周_ _ _ _ _一我的体重不太重要）。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语mv weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配。除此之外，本段的主题是称重，因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化，只有A项track符合语义与主题要求，故选A。12、单选题 第（12）题选A.approve ofB.hold onto

16、C.account forD.depend on正确答案：C参考解析：空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me toobserve and any significant weight changes（每隔一周称次体重使我能够观察及 任何明显的体重变化），空格处所填入的动词须和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配;同时，该动词还和observe构成并列关系，并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点（先观察到体重变化.，再来了解或解释体重变化的原因），因此只有C项account for（解释，了解）最恰当。13、单选题 第（13）题选A

17、.shareB.adjustC.confirm0.prepare正确答案：B参考解析：空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to mytraining program（那告诉我，我是否需要_ _ _ _ _我的训练项目）。空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program构成通顺的动宾语义搭配;除此之外，that指代上文中 观察并解释体重变化，此处应该表明，观察并解释体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目。因此B项adjust符合句意要求。14、单选题 第（14）题选A.featuresB.rulesC.tests0.results正确答案：D参

18、考解析：空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh一in to getinfomation about my nutrition as well.（我根据两个月称重一次的 来获得关于我的营养方面的信息），空格处所填名词须和bimonthly weighin构成通顺的语义关系，空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并解释任何明显的体重变化，因此空格处应该表示 称重结果，D项results最符合句意要求，故选D。15、单选题 第（15）题选A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored正确答案：B参考解析：空格处提到：am constantly and dro

19、pping weight,this is a that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.（如果 我持续 以及体重下降，那么这是一个 表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入），根据条件状语从句中主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系，空格处填入hungry（饥饿）更符合语义要求,故选Bo16、单选题 第（16）题选A.secretB.beliefC.sign0.principle正确答案：C参考解析：空格之前的this指代前面if引导的条件状语从句 如果我运动量保持不变，但总是觉得饿并且体重下降，空格后面that引导的同位语从句 我需要增加每天卡路里的摄入，根据前

20、后语义，此空填sign 信号 最合理，故选C。17、单选题 第（17）题选A.necessityB.decisionC.wish0.request正确答案：B参考解析：空格后动词不定式结构to stop weighing myself every day作空格处名词的同位语，停 止 每 天 称 体 重 这 个。分析选项，A项necessity（必要性）,B 项 decision（决定）,C 项 wish（愿望）,D 项 request（要求）。根据语义，此处填decision（决定）最合理，故选B。18、单选题 第（18）题选A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumi

21、ng.disappointing正确答案：D参考解析：此空在of介词短语中，修 饰 名 词burden（负担），根据语义色彩，此处应该填贬义词。分析选项，A项surprising（令人惊喜的），B项restricting（约束）,C 项 consumingC肖耗）。因此只有 disappointing（令人失望的）最 合 理，故 选Do19、单选题 第（19）题选A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if正确答案：A参考解析：根据选项特征，看出本题考查句内逻辑关系，前 半 句 话Ive alsoexperienced greater success in achieving my

22、 specific fitness goals（我已经更成功地实现了健身目标）后半句Im training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.俄 根 据 那 些 目 标 来 训 练，而不是体重数字。）此处应为因果关系，所以正确选项为A项because。止矽卜，本 句 话 中 的also表明与前一句话之间的因果关系 前一句话中的since也表示因果关系，故 选A。20、单选题 第（20）题选A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphing0.obsessing正确答案：D参考解析：根据选项特征可知此空应填入

23、动词的现在分词，通过上文可知，作者 对the scale一直持否定态度，因 此，此空根据语义色彩排除dominating（统治）和triumphing（胜利），而puzzling over（仔细琢磨，冥思苦想），与上下文语义不符。obsessing（困扰）最符合此处语义要求，故 选D。材料题Page根据下面资料，回答21-25题Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a littlelater,in conjunction with a childs growing grasp o

24、f social and moral norms.Childrenarent born knowing how to say Im sorry;rather,they learn over time that suchstatements appease parents and friends-andtheir own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imaginatio

25、n,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeplyuncomfortable-its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted withstones.Yet this understanding is outdated.There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what roleguilt can serve,says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology r

26、esearcher at the University ofVirginia,aciding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arentbinary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to importantinequalities.Too much happines

27、s can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encouragehumans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can helphold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tin

28、a Malti,a psychologyprofessor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for anemotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Somekids who are low in sympathy may make up

29、for that shortfall by experiencing moreguilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy cansubstitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children.Using caregiverassessments and the childrens self-observations,she rated each childs overallsympathy

30、 level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions afler moraltransgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance toshare them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much theyshared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone

31、ones shared more,even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic tothe other childs deprivation.Thats good news,Malti says,We can be prosocialbecause we caused harm and we feel regret.21、单选题Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because itmay hel p.A.foster a childs moral developm

32、entB.regulate a childs basic emotionsC.improve a childs intellectual abilityD.intensify a childs positive feelings正确答案：A参考解析：根 据 题 干Researchers,guilt,a good thing等关键词可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到This is whyresearchers generally regard so-called moral.a good thing.”根据代词this指代前文的原则可知，题干所提的原因在上文，即Children a

33、ren,tborn knowing how to say Tm sorryz;rather,they learn over time thatsuch statements appease parents and friends and their ownconsciences.,其中的 such statements appease parents and mendsand their own consciences（这样的表达能安抚父母和朋友，也能让他们自己心安），such statements指代句中出现的say Tm sorry o结合四个选项 jegulate a child,s b

34、asic emotions（管理孩子的基本情绪）,improve a child,s intellectual ability（提高孩子的智力）,intensify a child s positivefeelings（加强孩子的积极感受）在原文均没有具体体现，排 除B、C、D项。fostera child s moral development 和 appease parents and friendsand theirown consciences可以实现同义替换，故 选Ao22、单选题According to paragraph 2,many people still consider

35、guilt tobe.A.inexcusableB.deceptiveC.addictiveD.burdensome正确答案：D参考解析：根据题干中的关键信息paragraph 2 以 及many people stillconsider guilt to be可以定位至原文第二段第一、第 二 句In the popularimagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeplyuncomfortable-it,s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacketweighted with

36、 stones.（当 然，在大众的看法中，愧疚仍然会得至怀好的评论。这种感觉非常不舒服，就像穿着一件坠着石头的夹克一样。）结合四个选项，inexcusable（不可原谅的）,deceptive（欺骗的），addictive（上瘾的）,burdensome（繁 重 的，负担沉重的）。只 有burdensome与原文表述意思最接近,故 选D。23、单选题Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from anawareness t hat.A.emotions are context-independentB.an emotion can

37、play opposing rolesC.emotions are socially constructive0.emotional stability can benefit health正确答案：B参考解析：根据题干关键信息Vaish holds that.可以定位至原文第二段第四句 There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking.can serve,says Amrisha Vaish 既 为Vaish的观点，也是题干信息所在句。后面又提到w.adding that this revival is part of a larger rec

38、ognition that.ina n o th e r（这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪,在另一个情境中可能是有害的。），结合四个选项，emotionsare context-independent（情绪与情境无关）与原文表述相反，排除A项。anemotion can play opposing roles（情绪可以起到相反的作用）与原文中句子的表述一致，符合题意，所以B项正确。emotion are socially constructive（从社会角度来说，情绪具有积极性），emotional stability can benefit healt

39、h（情绪稳定有益于身体健康），原文中都没有明确提到相关内容，排除c、D项。24、单选题Malti and others have shown that cooperation ands h a r i n g.A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can result from either sympathy or guiltC.can bring about emotional satisfactionD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts正确答案：B参考解析：根据题干关键信息Malti and other

40、s have shown和cooperation and sharing可以定位至原文第四段第三句Malti andothers have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent differentpathways to cooperation and sharing.（马尔蒂和其他人已经表明,内疚和同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。）结合四个选项，may help correctemotional deficiencies（可能有助于改正感情缺陷）与原文第四段第二句话 that guilt may compensate for an emo

41、tional deficiency”（内疚可能会弥补感情缺陷）不符，排除 A 项。can result from either sympathy or guilt（要么归因于同情，要么归因于内疚）与原文表述一致，所以B项正确：can bring aboutemotional satisfaction（能够带来感情上的满足），原文中没有与之相关的信息,排除C项。may be the outcome of impulsive acts（可能是冲动行为的结果）与第四段第四句.which can rein in their nastier impulses.（这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动），属于因果倒置

42、，与原文内容不符，排除D项。25、单选题The word transgressions is closest in meaning to.A.teachingsB.discussionsC.restrictions0.wrongdoings正确答案：D参考解析：根据题干要求定位到原文第五段第二句话Using caregiverassessments and the children s self-observations,she rated each child,s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negativee

43、motions after moral transgressions（她用照料者的评估和孩子们的自我观察对每一个孩子的整体同情水平以及他或她在道德上_ _ _ _ _ 后感觉到消极的倾向程度做了评价。）由句中的to feel negative emotions可知transgressions带有消极贬义的情感色彩。结合四个选项，teaching（教导）属于褒义词，discussions（讨论）属于中性词，restrictions（限制，束缚）属于中性词，与原文的感情色彩均不符，排除A、B、C项。wrongdoings（坏事，不道德的事）属于贬义词，与原文语义相符，故选Do材料题根据下面资料，回

44、答26-30题Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight againstclimate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxidewe produce,we are threatening their abilities to do so.The climate change we arehastening could one day leave us with

45、 forests that emit more carbon than theyabsorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable carbon sinks long into the future may requirereducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it doeso

46、n so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out youngtrees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carryingcapacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,sot

47、hey grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered lesseasily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 201

48、0,drought andinsects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by2030-financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctio

49、ns.Thatsonly a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres inall,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from theforests is locked away in the form of solid l

50、umber or burned as biofuel in vehicles thatwould otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels isalready under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally theyvefocused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently h