2017年中考英语复习教学案专题练习 阅读理解.pdf

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1、四、阅读理解【考纲要求】1、能够根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词意思。2、能够理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。3、更够找出文章的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。4、能够读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。5、能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。【教师点拨】广东省中考的阅读理解的文章共三篇，A 篇为应用文，B 篇为说明文，C 篇为配对阅读。阅读量在1,000个单词左右；B 篇短文选材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等。阅读理解部分考试题型大致可分为以下几个类型：细节题、主旨题、词义题、推断题以及观点态度题等。其中，细节题、主旨题、词义题是一定有的。1.细节题细

2、节题主要测试学生识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力。考生必须特别注意这几个问题：who,what,where,when,how等，在有关此类问题的地方作一个标记，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。2.主旨题主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。在初中阶段，有关这类题的常见提问方式为：What is the main idea of this passage?或 What is the best title of thispassage?在处理这类问题时，通常采用快读方法，先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。3.词义题词

3、义题主要是在具体文章中，根据上下文推断某个词或某个短语的意义。解答这类试题，可从以下几个方面入手：（1）通过因果关系猜词首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore 等）表示前因后果。例如：Youshouldnt have blamed him for that,for it wasnt his fault.通过 for 弓 I 出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。（2）通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词

4、，第一可以看由and或 o r连接的同义词词组，如 happy and g a y,即使我们不认识g ay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；第二可以看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter withthe help of spaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道 planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，可以看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but,while,howeve

5、r等；还可以看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely,not at all as handsome as hisbrother.根据not at allhandsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即 不 英 俊 不 漂 亮 的意思。(3)通过构词法猜词通过掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，来推断单词的意义。如 appear是“出现”的意思，那么disappear则 是“消失”的意思。(4)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is

6、a dry period,ordrought.从 drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought的 意 思 为 久 旱 旱 灾 。而 a dry period和 drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。(5)通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some olher kind of fruit grow in warmareas.假 如 pineapples和

7、coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pine叩pies,coconuts ft bananas,oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。(6)通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例 如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fatand walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it c

8、an swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类，后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。4.推断题推断题主要考查学生透过文章的表面文字信息，进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。5.观点态度题观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实，对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。总之，做阅读理解可以遵循从下至上的原则来做题：先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案

9、，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。【中考回放】2016年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题阅 读 A、B 两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应的选项涂黑。Welcome to the Painting Competition for Woolands Students.The International Anti-Drug(禁毒)Day this year is coming soon.In order to raise teenagersawareness(意 识)to fight against drug taking.,

10、The city Art Council is going to hold a paintingcompetition for the students in our city.Students who want to take part in the competition can hand in their own 2D paintings ineither of the following two ways:Each school will be provided with a box for students to put in their paintings.Boxes will b

11、epicked up by the City Art Council on Thursday,July 23rd,2016,before the end of the school day.Paintings can be also handed in on Friday,July 24th,from 8:00 am to 10:00 am at theWoodlands Art Hall(175 Riverside Street).All paintings are required to be 60cm wide by 80cm long or smaller.Larger sizes w

12、ill not beaccepted.Each student can only hand in one painting.The final decision on the competition results will be made on June 26th,the Anti-Drug Day.The name list of the winners will be made known on the website of the City Art Council on thesame day.All winning paintings will be shown to the pub

13、lic at the City Youth Park from June 27thtill the end of July.Prize:1st Prize(10 students)=$300 Gift Card each.2nd Prize(20 students)=$200 Gift Card each.3rd Prize(30 students)=$100 Gift Card each.For further information:Visit http:/ or call 2569-8632.()56.Students in woodland can take part in held

14、by the City Art Council.A.a pop music concert B.a singing competitionC.a painting competition D.a name-signing activity.()57.The main purpose of this competition is.A.to teach the teenagers some painting skillsB.to tell the teenagers to walk away from drugsC.to provide the teenager with some art kno

15、wledgeD.To introduce the history of the Anti-Drug Day to the teenagers.()58.The size of the paintings like will NOT be accepted.A.40 cm wide by 60 cm long B.50 cm wide by 70 cm longC.60 cm wide by 80 cm long D.80 cm wide by 100 cm long()59.The public can enjoy the winning p a i n t i n g s.A.at the

16、City Youth Park B.at the City Art CouncilC.at 175 Riverside Street D.at the Woodlands Art Hall()60.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Students must put their paintings in the school box on June 24th.B.Each student can take part in the competition with one 3D painting.C.Student

17、s can get more information about the competition in two ways.D.Each of the second prize winners in the competition will get 300 dollars.BWhen people talk to each other,write letters or make phone callsz words of the spoken form orthe written form,can send any messages they want to pass onBut besides

18、 words,do you know any other ways can use to communicate with people?Reachexpressions on your face can be one of them.A smile on your face showed that youre happy.Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad or excited.Body languages can do the same job.When you put your hand up in class,the teac

19、her knows that you want to say something or youmay have some questions to ask.You shake your head from side to side and people know you aresaying no or refuse others requirements.When you nod,people will understand that youresaying yes or agree to others opinions or suggestions.Other forms can also

20、carry different messages.For example,a sign at the bus stop givespassengers instruction on which bus to take.The flag language made by soldier can pass adifferent orders.Sound from the school bell tells the students and teachers went to begin or enda class.A photographer can use the photos he has ta

21、ken to tell others about what he thinks ofthe world around him.Music and films also can coevev the feelings and ideas of the musiciansthe directors.So next time when you see a piece of art or listen to some music,take it ascommunication with its creator and try to get the meaning behind it.()61.When

22、 people want to use the words to communicate with others,t hey.A.write letters B.cry aloud C.keep silent D.make friends()62.According to the passage you just need to if you agree to others suggestions.A.close your eyes B.put up your handC.move your head up and down D.shake your head from side to sid

23、e()63.Through a photo,we may k n o w.A.which bus c an be taken B.what the orders mean for soldiersC.how the photographer sees the world D.when the students should have a class()64.The underline word corwev probably means in the passage.A.掩饰 B.传递 C.克制 D.爆发()65.The best title for the passage may be.A.

24、Spoken and Written Languages B.Forms of CommunicationC.Facial Expressions and Gestures D.Suggestions on CommunicationC配对阅读左栏是5 个人对应软件的要求，右栏是7 个应用软件的简介，请问不同的人找到合适的应用软件，并将答题卡上对应的选项涂黑。()66Jenny has to do thehousework after work.She is so busythat she seldom has time to take careof her 2-year-old son,So

25、 she needsan app for him to learn to speak andcount.A.Word Easy is a fantastic English learning app with world exercises ofdifferent levels.Only when you pass a test of a certain level,canyou go on to learn words of a higher levelB.Rail Friend can be the best for helper when you feel it hard to buyt

26、he train or airline tickets,you can buy tickets anywhere at anytime.【答案解析】()67.Sam was given a list of booksto read by his teacher,but he has justhad an eye operation and needssome app that can store the booksand read them aloud to him.()6 8.Bob find it difficult to rememberall the new words from th

27、e Englishtextbook.He wants to make progressin a relaxing way for he thinks itboring to do a lot of word exercises.()69.Cathy is fun of traveling,sheneeds an app that can make it easierfor her to buy train or airline tickets.()70John is going to have a longrailway trip.During this trip,he needssometh

28、ing like games to kill the time.C.World of Tanks Blitz,a free-to-play online dating with over 40million downloads,brings quick-fire tank fights A lot of tanks,a lotof people and a lot of fun,It will be the best choice to kill yourtime.D.Himalayas Reading has millions of books including poems,shortst

29、ories,novels and even fairy tales for children.Whats specialabout it is that you can use it to download book recording that canbe listened to.E.Cheese Reading catches the main idea of each book you have adownload so that you can save time by finishing reading a bookwithin 5 minutes.F.Baby Bus is a v

30、ery good friend for children under three years old.Kids can learn to speak understand numbers and draw pictureswith the help of this app.G.Vocabulary Hero may help you learn more English words whileyoure playing games,so if you have problems remembering thenew words when you learn English,use it!A本文

31、是一篇应用文，是给学生介绍如何参加绘画比赛的广告。56题是属于细节题。从文章的标题或者第一段的最后一句话就可以得出答案选Co57 题也是属于细节题。从文章第一段In order to raise teenagers awareness to fight againstdrug taking.,The city Art Council is going to hold a painting competition for the students inour city.”可以得出答案选B。58 题也是属于细节题。从文章第五段“All paintings are required to be 60

32、cm wide by 80cm longor smaller.Larger sizes will not be accepted.,可以得出答案选 D。59 题仍是属于细节题。从文章第六段“AU winning paintings will be shown to the public at theCity Youth Park from June 27th till the end of July.”可以得出答案选 Ao6 0 题是属于综合题，既有细节在题中，又需要学生对文章进行推断。A、B、D 的选项都是细节题，可以直接在文章找到答案。根据文章的最后一句Forfurthe门nformati

33、on:V isit http:/ or ca ll 2569-8632.n 可以推断出 C选项是正确的。B本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们之间的沟通方式。61题属于推断题。根据文章的第一段中的words of the spoken form or the written form,cansend any messages they want to pass on.”可以推断出答案 A 是正确的。62题属于细节题。从文章第二段的最后一句话When you nod,people will understand thatyoure saying yes or agree to others opi

34、nions or suggestions.”中可以得出答案 C 是正确的。63 题属于推断题。从文章最后一段A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tellothers about what he thinks of the world around him.,可以推断出答案 C 是正确的。64题属于词义题。我们可以通过更多的描述来猜这个单词的意义。“Music and films also canconvey the feelings and ideas of the musicians the directors.,后面的这个句子

35、“So next timewhen you see a piece of art or listen to some music,take it as communication with its creatorand try to get the meaning behind it,就可以猜到convey就 是 传 递 之 意。所以答案 B是正确的。6 5 题是属于文章主旨题。把文章从头到尾浏览一遍，每一段的第一句对理解文章大意很有帮助。所以答案B是正确的。C这 是 配 对 阅 读，左栏是5个人对应软件的要求，右栏是7个应用软件的简介，需要学生认真阅读，找出各自的关键词来进行匹配。66 题

36、Jenny 需要的是an app for her 2-year-old son to learn to speak and count.”,答案 F 刚好相符。67 题 Sam 需要的是“some app that can store the books and read them aloud to him.,所以答案 D 刚好符合要求。68 题中 Bob 需要的是能够 remember all the new words from the English textbook”的软件,答案G 刚好与之匹配。69 题中 Cathy 需要的是能够 44make it easier for her t

37、o buy train or airline tickets)的软件,答案 B刚好与之匹配。70题中John需要的是“something like games to kill the time”的软件，答案C刚好与之匹配。【真题演练】一、2015年广东省初中毕业生学业考试英语试题AGarden Tour&Cooking Class909 North Cumbre Road.Santa Barara,CASaturday,October 24,2015.9：30 am 1 ：00 pmCook with SuzzaneTraditionally,American Indians*dishes w

38、ere made with com,beans,potatoes and pumpkin.Take a tour around Trinity Garden,pick some of these foods and returns in the kitchen.There youcan watch Suzzane prepare delicious dishes with them.lt is surely a new experience!Suzzane willmake an introduction of three traditional foods and tell you what

39、 they meant to the AmericanIndians hundreds of years ago.At the same time,you can learn how to cook with these autumnharvest（收获）vegetables.The means includes the following：Hot Potato Pie with Cornbread ToppingThanksgiving SoupFresh Vegetable SaladTrinity Fruit Ice-creamMYM35 per person,including pri

40、nted recipes(菜谱)，the four dishes above and a book bySuzzane,Children under 8 can come for free.Booking by email by Oct 15;Suzzane About Suzzane Landry:She is the writer of Healthy Eating and Fresh Food Matters.To lookfor new ideas to add to her cooking,she traveled a lot,working in kitchen all over

41、the world.Thisbrought her the idea of u fresh food cooking”.Then she set up the website below to get peoplesattention to healthy eating.She is excited to share her knowledge through cooking chooses,cookbooks and DVDs.Her teaching is popular with people from different countries.Learn More：Visit www.f

42、resh Follow Suzzane on FACEBOOK and TWTTER.()56.The cooking class in advertisement will be gi ven.A.in spring B.in summer C.in autumn D.in winter()57.In this class,you can watch Suzzane cook dishes with the f oods.A.brought from home B.picked in Trinity GardenC.bought from the market D.onbooked from

43、 the Internet()58.The menu offered by the cooking class including the followingE XC E P T.A.cake B.soup C.salad D.ice-cream()59.If Mr Green goes to the class with his parents and his 6-year-old son,he shouldpayA.MYM35 B.MYM70 C.MYM105 D.MYM140()60.According to the advertisement,we know thatA.we can

44、book the cooking class on the phoneB.only American Indians enjoy Suzzanes teachingC.Suzzane got her cooking ideas from different DVDsD.Suzzane Landry wrote two books about eating and foodBIt is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers toChina.Such a thing can be

45、founded every day although it is against international laws.Last monthHong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers,TVs and phones sent fromJapan.Things like these are called electronic waste,or e-waste.Dealing with it is not an easy jobbecause dangerous poison like mercury(汞)and le

46、ad(铅)can be found in them.Every time an oldcomputer breaks down,it needs to be dealt with safely.But at present,broken computer parts areusually buried.It may be hundreds of years before they are really goes in the earth.Many places in China are polluted by e-waste.Guiyu in Guangdong province is one

47、 of them.This town is named as uthe e-waste capital of the world”.It has to deal with 1.5 millionkilograms of e-waste each year,from which it makes 75 million yuan.But it comes at a cost.Many of the poison in e-waste find their way into the environment.Plastic is burned outdoors andchemical water is

48、 poured into rivers,Greenpeace,an environmental group,has found the air,theearth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.The Chinese government wants the country to develop,but in a way that doesnt do harm tothe environment and peoples life.This year,China presents a new protection law,the strictest

49、onewe have ever had.Computer companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their oldcomputers.This is because the companies that make computers know best to deal with them safely.Hopefully,the problem with e-waste will be solved in near future.()61.The e-waste found in Hong Kong last mon

50、th was fr omA.France B.Japan C.Germany D.Australia()62.The underlined word buried probably means in the passage.A.焚 烧 B.障 碍 C.回 收 D.掩埋()63.The town of Guiyu in Guangdong P r o v i n c e.A.is the e-capital of the world B.has serious e-waste pollutionC.deals with e-waste safely D.spends much money on