考研英语一阅读理解真题.pdf

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1、考研英语一阅读理解真题考研英语一阅读理解真题1Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middleclass is one that will probably go unmentioned in thenext presidential campaign：What happens when therobots e for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.Abouthalf of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,ac

2、cording to a University of Oxford study,with themiddle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-inejobs like gardening or day care dont appeal torobots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering-havearoused their interest,or soon will.The rich ownthe robots,so th

3、ey will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point outthat technological upheaval has benefited workers inthe past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so wellfor Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanizedlooms,but it eventually raised living standards andcreated more jobs than it destroye

4、d.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and freeworkers from hard,boring work.But in the mediumterm,middle-class workers may need a lot of helpadjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and AndrewMcAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,sho

5、uld berethinking education and job training.Curriculums-from grammar school to college-should evolve tofocus less on memorizing facts and more on creativityand plex munication.Vocational schools should do abetter job of fostering problem-solving skills andhelping students work alongside robots.Onlin

6、eeducation can supplement the traditional kind.Itcould make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will beable to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlinesthe need for the U.S.to revive its fading businessdynamism：S

7、tarting new panies must be made easier.Inprevious eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming upways to bine labor and machines.The best uses of 3Dprinters and virtual reality havent been inventedyet.The U.S.needs the new panies that will inventthem.Finally

8、,because automation threatens to widen thegap between capital ine and labor ine,taxes and thesafety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such asthe earned ine tax credit should be expanded：Thiswould boost ines,encourage work,reward panies forjob cre

9、ation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big andsmall over the next few years,yet this will belittle fort to those who find their lives and careersupended by automation.Destroying the machines thatare ing for our jobs would be nuts.But policies tohelp workers adapt will be

10、 indispensable.21.W ho will be most threatened by automation?A Leading politicians.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22.Which of the following best represent theauthors view?A Worries about automation are in factgroundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find littlesupport.CIssu

11、es arising from automation need to betackledDNegative consequences of new tech can beavoided23.Education in the age of automation should putmore emphasis onA creative potential.Bjob-hunting skills.Cindividual needs.Dcooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimedatA encouraging

12、the development of automation.Bincreasing the return on capital investment.Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor.Dpreventing the ine gap from widening.25.In this text,the author presents a problemwithA opposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impacts.Dits major variations.考

13、研英语一阅读理解真题2Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hireAlan Gilbert as its next music director has been thetalk of the classical-music world ever since thesudden announcement of his appointment in 20XX.Forthe most part,the response has been favorable,tosay the least.Hooray!At last!w wrote

14、 AnthonyTommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came assuch a surprise,however,is that Gilbert isparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who hadadvocated Gilbert appointment in the Times,callshim“an unpretentious musician with no air of theformidable cond

15、uctor about him.As a description ofthe next music director of an orchestra that hashitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler andPierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck atleast some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is agreat conductor or even a g

16、ood one.To be sure,heperforms an impressive variety of interestingpositions,but it is not necessary for me to visitAvery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hearinteresting orchestral music.All I have to do is togo to my CD shelf,or boot up my puter and downloadstill more recorded music from iTunes.Devo

17、ted concertgoers who reply that recordings areno substitute for live performance are missing thepoint.For the time,attention,and money of theart-loving public,classical instrumentalists mustpete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater panies,and museums,but also with therecorded performance

18、s of the great classicalmusicians of the 20th century.There recordings arecheap,available everywhere,and very often muchhigher in artistic quality than today s liveperformances；moreover,they can be“consumed”ata time and place of the listener s choosing.Thewidespread availability of such recordings h

19、as thusbrought about a crisis in the institution of thetraditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performersto program attractive new music that is not yetavailable on record.Gilbert(s own interest in newmusic has been widely noted：Alex Ross,aclassical-music critic,has desc

20、ribed him as a manwho is capable of turning the Philharmonic into”amarkedly different,more vibrant organization.Butwhat will be the nature of that difference?Merelyexpanding the orchestra s repertoire will not beenough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are tosucceed,they must first change the relation

21、shipbetween America s oldest orchestra and the newaudience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert sappointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23

22、.The author believes that the devotedconcertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.EDoverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the followingis true of recordings?AThey

23、 are often inferior to live concerts inquality.BThey are easily accessible to the generalpublic.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing thePhilharmonic,the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.考研英语一阅读

24、理解真题3Text 1In the 20XX film version of The Devil WearsPrada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining thathigh fashion doesn t affect her,Priestly explainshow the deep blue color of the assistant s sweaterdescended over the years from fashion shows todep

25、artments stores and to the bargain bin in whichthe poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion businesscouldn t be more out of date or at odds with thefeverish would described in Overdressed,EliazabethCline s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade

26、 or so,advances in technology haveallowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,andUniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipatedemand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean lesswasted inventory,more frequent release,and moreprofit.These labels encourage style-consciousconsumers to see clothe

27、s as disposab1e-meant to lastonly a wash or two,although they don t advertisethat-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashioncycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace.The victims of thi

28、s revolution,of course,arenot limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores aroundthe world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,anduse massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world s

29、answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan sThe Omnivore s Dilemma.Mass-producedclothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,w Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garmentsa year-about 64 items per person-and no matterhow much the

30、y give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introducedher ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 20XX has made all of her own clothes-andbeautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,ittook Beaumont decades to perfect her craft；herexample can t be

31、knocked off.Though several fast-fashion panies have madeefforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironment-including H&M,with its greenConscious Collection line-Cline believes lastingchange can only be effected by the customer.Sheexhibits the idealism mon to many advocates ofsustainability,be

32、it in food or in energy.Vanity isa constant；people will only start shopping moresustainably when they can t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.D lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-make

33、t labels urgeconsumers toA bat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)isclosest in meaning toA accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.24.Which of the

34、following can be inferred fromthe lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignoressustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordablegarments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendlypurchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?A Satire on

35、an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.考研英语一阅读理解真题4Text 1In order to“change lives for the better”andreduce“dependency,“George Orbome,Chancellor ofthe Exchequer,introduced the aupfront work search”scheme.

36、Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentrewith a CV register for online job search,and startlooking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather thanfortnightly.What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed.There willnow be a seven-day w

37、ait for the jobseeker sallowance.Those first few days should be spentlooking for work,not looking to sign on.heclaimed.We re doing these things because we knowthey help people say off benefits and help those onbenefits get into work faster Help?Really?Onfirst hearing,this was the socially concernedc

38、hancellor,trying to change lives for the better,plete with“reforms”to an obviously indulgentsystem that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work,and subsides laziness.Whatmotivated him,we were to understand,was his zealfor fundamental fairnessw-protecting the taxpayer,controll

39、ing spending and ensuring that only the mostdeserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting：you don t skip down tothe jobcentre with a song in your heart,delighted atthe prospect of doubling your ine from the generousstate.It is financially terrifying,psychologicallyembarrassing

40、and you know that support is minimal andextraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted；you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard toget.You are now not wanted；you are now excludedfrom the work environment that offers purpose andstructure in your life.Worse,the crucial ine tofeed yourself an

41、d your family and pay the bills hasdisappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what theywant and the answer is always：a job.But in Osborneland,your first instinct is to fallinto dependency-permanent dependency if you can getit-supported by a state only too ready to indulgeyour falsehood.It is as though

42、20 years of evertougher reforms of the job search and benefitadministration system never happened.The principleof British welfare is no longer that you can insureyourself against the risk of unemployment and receiveunconditional payments if the disaster happens.Eventhe very phrase“jobseeker s allowa

43、nce”一invented in 1996-is about redefining theunemployed as a“jobseeker”who had no mandatoryright to a benefit he or she has earned throughmaking national insurance contributions.Instead,theclaimant receives a time-limited aallowance,nconditional on actively seeking a job；no entitlementand no insuran

44、ce,at?71.70 a week,one of the leastgenerous in the EU.21.George Osborne s scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access tobenefits.Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in jobseeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekers?legitimate right tobenefits

45、.22.The phrase“to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2)mostprobably meansAto check on the availability of jobs at thejobcentre.Bto accept the governments restrictions on theallowance.Cto register for an allowance from thegovernment.Dto attend a governmental job-training program.23.What promoted the chancellor to

46、develop hisscheme?AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3,being unemployedmakes one one feelAuneasy.Benraged.Cinsulted.Dguilty.25.To which of the following would the author mostprobably agree?AThe British welfare system indulgesjobseekers laziness.BOsborne,s reforms will reduce the risk ofunemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actualneeds.DUnemployment benefits should not be madeconditional.