考研英语长难句阅读复习资料.pdf

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1、1.There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors thatwill disable them when they offend.【分析】本句是Therebe句型，television chat show and cars是并列。过去分词结构 hosted by robots 做后置定语修饰 television chat show s,而限定性定语从句(that will disablethem when they offend)则修饰前面的pollution moni

2、torso 分词结构作后置定语在考研中是最常见的语言现象之一，一起来看几个例子：(1)1 know the girl who comes from Beijing.Who充当从句主语，省略后后面动词为主动语态，省略为c o m in g,因此句子为I know thegirl coming form Beijing.(2)I have a dog which is named King.which 充当从句主语，省略之后后面动词为被动语态，省略为nam ed,因此句子为I have a dog named King.【词汇】hostn.主人，主持人；v.主持 a host o f表 示“许多”

3、disable v t.使无能，使残废一注意写作句型中的enable sb.to do sth.使某人做某事disabled ad j.残废的，有缺陷的offend v t,触怒；vi.违规【译文】届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视聊天节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。2.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the

4、world economy.【分析】本句是简单句，全句主干是This phenomenon has created seriousconcernso over是“关于 的含义，人们的担忧实际包含两个方面：一是the role(of smallereconomic firms,of national businessmen),另一个是 the ultimate stability(of the worldeconomy)。【词汇】concern n.关心，顾及；v.涉及，关系到一 concerning关于v 写作句型create serious concerns over引起的极大关注ultim

5、ate a.最终的stability n.稳定一 stable a.稳定的=steady【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体与民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。3.This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings andpromptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.【分析】这是一个宾语从句的并列结构，主干是this does not m ean

6、,后面接了三个并列的that从句作mean的宾语，中间用but连接。在第三个宾语从句中，no longer openlyhonored是插入语结构。【词汇】ambitionn.雄心,抱负 谐 音“俺必胜”stir v.&n.激起，搅动prompt v.鼓动，促使 注意：prompt在阅读中通常用于形容词，表示“敏捷的、迅速的”profess v.表示，宣称 pro向前+fess 说，同根词confess坦白【译文】这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励；而只是说明人们不再愿意公开地承认，公开以它为荣。此处插入语翻译时变换了作用4.The astonishing distru

7、st of the news media isn,t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorialskills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.【分析】本句是由not.but结构构成。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是 inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills 和 the daily clash of world views o 本句的主干是The astonishing distrust of

8、the news media isn*t rootedo 两个分词短语充当句子的状语。【词汇】be rooted in根源在于 写作句型 the astonishing of is rooted in例如：The astonishing ignorance of environmental pollution is rooted in toomuch importance attached to the results of economic development.对于环境污染令人震惊的忽视，根源于我们过度重视经济发展的结果。crush压碎，碾 碎 crash碰 撞 clash撞击声，冲突w

9、orld view世界观【译文】对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任，其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。5.If it did,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.【分析】本句是一个虚拟语句,If it did是从句，主句主语it后面跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是 would op

10、en up its diversity program,二是(would)look fbr reporterso reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender是分词结构作program的后置定语。【词汇】diversity n.多样性/focus on聚焦于=center ongender n.性别outlook n.观念【译文】如果是这样,它就应该进一步开放其目前只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别员工的多样化项目，并进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各类记者。6.An education that a

11、ims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.【分析】句子主语是an education,后 面that引导定语从句修饰主语，谓语动词是i,表 语 是a technical educationo过去分词结构justified for reason做后置定语修饰atechnical education,原本是which

12、 is justified for reasons,也就相当于前面的内容之所以合情合理是因为reasonso Reasons后面接了一个形容词结构radically different作修饰，后面的why education is universally required by law看成一个整体，因此句子的意思是前面的内容之所以合理的原因不同于后面的why引导的句子。【词汇】be justified for 被证明合理是由于radically原 意 为“激进”，在考研中的副词修饰形容词时通常翻译为“非常”【译文】旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有

13、很大差别。7.Parents claimed more positive emotions and more meaning in their livesthan non-parentsz and a closer look revealed it was fathers who most enjoyedthese benefits.分析Parents是主语，claimed是谓语动词，宾语是more positive emotions andmore meaning in their lives的并列结构，其中more.than构成了比较级。And构成了并列句连接，后面分句中a close门o

14、ok是主语，revealed是谓语，宾语从句it wasfathers who most enjoyed these benefits本身也是一个it was.who.构成的强调句。these benefits指代前方的more positive emotions and more meaning intheir liveso 词汇claim v.声称，断言a closer look仔细观察 译文相比那些还没做父母的人，为人父母者具有更积极的情感和生活也更有意义。通过更加仔细的观察，可以发现父亲在上述方面更明显。8.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and

15、 two novels later,my experiment in what theAmericans term“downshifting“has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.【分析 1 本句主干是 my experiment.has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality注意其谓语是一个turn sth.into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。主语的修饰部分 in what the Americans term“downshifting”,此处的难点是

16、 term 用作动词，term A.B.把说成，此处的A 就是放置前方的what。【词汇】term n.学期，条 款,术 语;v.把称为tired excuse老掉牙的借口【译文】奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验已经将我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。由于本句截取，中文意思会有些断章取义9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,therebyestablishing a firm home market and so m

17、aking it possible to provide for export at competitiveprices.【分析】本句是简单句，it主语，serves.to assist为谓语部分，a rapid distribution ofgoods是宾语，at reasonable price是状语，后面紧接and连接的两个分词结构，做伴随状语:第一个结构是动宾结构，第二个结构是make it adj.to do sth.。it作形式宾语，provide forexport at competitive prices 是真正的宾语。【词汇】serve to 用于distribution

18、n.分 酉 己【译文】它能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以建立一个稳固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。10.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only theownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine theprice of a product or to make a free contract with a

19、nother private individual.【分析】本句话结构比较简单，句首是状语，the concept of private property,谓语动词是embraces,后面的宾语用not only.but also.连接，第二个宾语certain rights后面是 including引导的结构作为解释，the right后面是o r连接的to determine和 to make构成并列。【词汇】concept n.概 念 New Concept English新概念英语embrace v.拥抱，僻义 包含 写作句型 the environmental protection

20、embraces not only a series of laws andregulations but also the increased awareness of the public.环境保护不仅仅只是一系列的法律法规，还有老百姓意识的增强。determine v t.决定；v.be determined to do 下定决心做某事contractu.合同；v.缩短，收 紧 区 分 contact联系【译文】在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体自由签定合同的权利。11.We have a certain

21、conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete ifhe cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outsideof himself.【分析】这个句子的难点在于a certain conception of the American citizen后面是同位语 a character 一般逗号两边都是名词或名词结构，可以判断为同位语结构,其后是一个 who引导的定语从句：其中主句是who i

22、s incomplete,if引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导的宾语从句。【词汇】a certain某种conception观念，概念competently本意是胜任地、合适地，此处演化成“准确地”assess v.评价，评估livelihood 生活【译文】我们应该这样理解美国公民一一如果他不能准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，那么他是个不完整的个体。12.The shareholders”as such had no knowledge of the lives,thoughts or needs of theworkmen employed

23、 by the company in which he held shares,and his influence on the relationsof capital and labor was not good.【分析】这句话结构的突破点是and,and后面是一个简单的主系表结构，前面比较复杂。the shareholders”主语，as such 作为修饰，had no knowledge of 是谓语部分，the lives,thoughts or needs of the workmen 是宾语，employed by the company 引导分词结构做后置定语，修饰前面的wor

24、kmen,in which he held shares是定语从句修饰前面的companyo【词汇】shareholder股东as such这样的have no knowledge o f 对不了解；不知道【译文】这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系不会产生积极的影响。13.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures inBritain and the United States,since conventional measu

25、res suggest that botheconomies,and especially Americas,have little productive slack.【分析】本句是since引导的原因状语从句，主句中economist是主语，谓语部分是被动语态，宾语是 favorable inflation figures0 从句中 conventional measures是主语，谓语suggest后面是that引导的宾语从句，逗号之间是插入语，补充说明。【词汇】favorable利好的；非常好的inflation n.通货膨胀convention n.大会,会议；僻义惯例一 conven

26、tional a.传统的=traditionalslack n.松弛，淡季-productive slack生产滑坡【译文】让经济学家感到特别诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。14.The most thrilling explanation is,unfortunately,a little defective.Someeconomists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upendedthe old economic models

27、 that were based upon the historical link betweengrowth and inflation.【分析】第一个句子是主系表结构。第二个句子主语是some economists,谓语动词argue后面接宾语从句，从句中powerful structural changes in the world是主语，have upended是谓语，the old economic models是宾语，后面又接一个定语从句，其中were based upon是谓语部分，the historical link后面接了一个between.and.结构。【词汇】thril

28、ling a.毛骨悚然的，令人震惊的defective a.有缺陷的upend v.颠倒，倒放 写作句型 we can find that powerful innovative measures have upended theold lifestyle in which too little importance were attached to the environmentalprotection.我们发现强有力的改革措施改变了不太重视环境保护的传统生活方式,【译文】很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经颠覆了以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联

29、为基础的旧经济模式。15.His colleague,Michael Beer,says that far too many companies have appliedre-engineering in a mechanistic fashion,chopping out costs without givingsufficient thought to long-term profitability.【分析】逗号之间是插入语，主语是his colleague,谓语say后面是宾语从句，far too many companies 是主语，have applied 是谓语，re-engine

30、ering 是宾语，in a mechanistic fashion是状语，后面chopping引导分词结构做状语。【词汇】apply vt.应用(to);vi.申 请(for)in a.fashion 以 .方式 写作句型 Many of us make use of natural resources,dumping in a randomfashion without giving sufficient thought to environmental protection.我们中很多人充分使用资源，却随意乱扔，没有充分考虑环境保护问题。chop out 肖 U 减=cut downsu

31、fficient a.充分的give thought to 考虑long-term长期的【译文】他的同事迈克尔比尔说，有太多的公司采用机械的方式实行重组，没有充分考虑长期赢利能力的情况下削减成本。16.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprintof a house,and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the generalroutine of everyday living.解析：此句是用and连接的两个并列句。在

32、前一个分句中，又用as引导了一个比较状语从句，将 make a blueprint of a desire 与 make a blueprint of a house 作比较。第二个分句的主干是：each of us.is making.Blueprints.词汇：blueprint n,蓝图continually adv.持续不断地routine n.常规译文：你可以在头脑里勾画出愿望的蓝图，如同设计房屋的蓝图一样。而我们每个人在日常生活中都在不停地勾画着这样的愿望蓝图。17.While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding wh

33、ether your education,your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your waresand abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.解析：该句主干是 While your could-be employer is deciding whether.and yourwares and abilities must be displayed.o 前一个分句中 while

34、引导状语从句，decide后面是whether引导的宾语从句，该从句中并列主语为your education,your experience,and other qualifications,谓语部分为 pay h im,后面是不定式做的状语。and后面的并列句是被动语态，其中in.mariner为方式状语。词汇：pay sb.to do sth.干某事对某人有利如 h It will pay you to be carefUL（小心谨慎对你有好处）could-be可能的，未来的wares本义为“货物，商品。这里表示应聘者能够展示出来的资格和能力。译文：在与你面谈时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育

35、背景、经验和其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你“待售的物品”和能力以有序而合理连贯的方式呈现出来。18.The corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization,atleast for the time being,but its role,its size and its programmes are now the subjectof a nation-wide debate in Britain.解析：该句是由but连接的两个转折关系的分句。前半句为The corporation w

36、illsurvive as 其中at least for the time being的意思是“眼下，暂时“，这里做时间状语。后半句的主干可以表达为A are the subject of B（A 是 B 的对象）。词汇：survive v.幸存；战胜fund v.投资for the time being 暂时译文：虽然至少目前，它仍可以以公办广播机构的身份生存下去，但它的作用、规模和节目类型却成了全英国争论的话题。19.With economic growth has come centralization:fully 76 percent of Japans 119 millionciti

37、zens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favorof isolated,hvo-generation households.【分析】with economic growth has come centralization 是倒装结构，主语是 centralization,!语是 has come,with economic growth 是状语。冒号后面 fully 76 percent of Japans 119 millioncitizens是主语，live谓语，

38、in cities是地点状语，后面是where引导的定语从句。从句中community and the extended family 是主语，have been abandoned 是谓语，in favor of 弓 I 导状语结构。词汇centralization n.集中化,中心化-decentralize v.分散extended family传统大家庭abandon v.放弃in favor o f支持，引申由取代isolated a.孤立的 i 我,sole自 己,ate动词词尾【译文】随着经济的增长集中化已经显现：日本1.19亿公民中整整76%的人口定居城市，在这里，原来的社区和

39、多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。20.Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuitmight compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers*misfortunes.【

40、分析】本句是两个句子结合。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn ofcoming disastei是从句，指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，o r 连接句子，so thethinking has gone是-一 个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是the thinking has gone so（人们是这么想的），g。这个词的用法很灵活，有进展，进行的意思。时间状语the early 1980s后面是when引导的定语从句，其中juries是主语，began holding是谓语，后面是宾语morecompanies,liable for

41、their customers?misfortunes 是形容词结构做修饰。【词汇】fail t o 未能lawsuit n.诉讼compensate v.补偿jury n.陪审团hold v.僻义 认为be liable for为负责【译文】幸运的是，如果门垫或者是火炉没有能警告即将到来的灾难，你可以通过一场成功的法律诉讼来赔偿给你带来的麻烦。从二十世纪八十年代的早期开始人们的想法就是这样了，那时候陪审团认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担相应的责任。21.Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of

42、professional in acountry as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves somany international corporations.【分析】这里的主语th is,后面不定式短语is unlikely to produce的真正宾语是professional,前面的成分the needed number of every kind of是修饰这个词的短语，接着是地点状语in a country,其中country带了两个修饰成分：前一个是形容词性的

43、短语large as o u rs,后一个是where引导的定语从句，这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词：is spread 和 involveso【词汇】be unlikely to 不可能produce%翻译难词培 养（人才），提 供（服务），生 产（商品）professional n.专业人员corporation n.公司【译文】另外，像我们这么一个大国，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司,因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。句中并没有因果词汇出现，翻译时可以加上，逻辑更清晰22.But,for a small group of student

44、s,professional training might be the way to go sincewell-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a joband not.【分析】前面for引导的状语表示的是对象，主干是professional training might be the wayto go,since引导原因状语从句,从句主干结构是skills can be the difference,all otherfactors being equal

45、是一个独立主格结构，在本句中作插入语。Difference后面带了一个介词短语between.and，and后面的not出现省略，可以补全为not having a job。【词汇】写作句型：for$b./sth.，might be the way to g o 对于，也许是可取之路例句：For the current environmental problem,the effective supervisionmight be the way to go.对于目前的环境问题，有效的监管也许是条可取之路。【译文】但是，对一小部分学生来说，职业教育也许是条可取之路。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技

46、能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。23.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a womanwho is happy to settle for a bit of everything.【分析】主干结构是I have been transformed,后面是一个from.into的结构，from apa

47、ssionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all.into a womano preached by.magazine是过去分词短语，作 the philosophy of t6have it all”的后置定语定语，插在frominto之中，也充当插入语概念。a woman后面是who引导的定语从句。【词汇】transform fh)minto将从变为passionate a.充满激情的，积极的advocate n.倡导者 ad-语气加强+voc-声音preach v.鼓吹be happy to settle for a bit of ev

48、erything 乐于接受生活的一切 随 遇 而 安【译文】在过去七年里林达凯尔西一直在 女性杂志鼓吹“全力以赴”的生活哲学，我已经从一个积极倡导这种生活方式的人变成一个随遇而安的女性。23.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all”,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a womanwho is happy to settle for a

49、 bit of everything.【分析】主干结构是I have been transformed,后面是一个frominto的结构，from apassionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all.into a womano preached by.magazine是过去分词短语，作 the philosophy of“have it al】”的后置定语，插在frominto之中，也充当插入语概念。a woman后面是who引导的定语从句。【词汇】transform frominto将从变为passionate a.充满激情的，积极的a

50、dvocate n.倡导者 ad-语气加强+voc-声音preach v.鼓吹be happy to settle for a bit of everything 乐于接受生活的一切随遇而安【译文】在过去七年里林达凯尔西一直在 女性杂志鼓吹“全力以赴”的生活哲学，我已经从一个积极倡导这种生活方式的人变成一个随遇而安的女性。24.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not