考研英语重点词汇详解.pdf

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1、考研英语重点词汇详解(2)41、allow fo r考虑到，估计到同义替换：take into consideration,take into accountallow原始涵义：vt.允许，许可(做某事)1 dont think he would allow it.我想他不会允许的。给予，让得至II The court allowed a sum of money toeach child for clothing.法院判给每个孩子一笔服装费。承认，认为 The referee refused to allow the goal.裁判不承认这次进球。听凭，听任 Jack had allowed

2、 himself to become fat.杰克听任自己发胖。vi.容许某事发生（或存在）;容许（常 与 o f 连用）a premisethat allow of only one conclusion 假设容许只有一个结论真题重现：Supporters of the new super systems argue that thesemergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and bettercoordinated service.这些新超级系统的支持者争辩说，这些合并活动将会大大削减成本，便于更好地协调业务。（2003阅读）

3、造句：We should allow for unexpected difficulty.我们应考虑到可能出现意想不到的困难。42、amount to 总计，等于同义替换:to be equal toamount原始涵义：n.量，数量，数额 Large amounts of money were wasted.浪费了大量的钱。总额，总数 He owed me SlOObut could pay only half thatamount.他欠我100英镑，但是只能偿还总数的一半。vi.合计，共计The bill amounts to$500.这张账单共计500美元。等同,接 近His words

4、 amounted to a threat.他的话实际上是威胁。(在意义、价值、效果、程度等方面)等于，相当于，等同;近于，接近，就是，意思是(to)His failure to reply amounts toa refusal.他不予回答就等于拒绝。具有价值 It was the computer that amounted.真正有价值的还是那台电脑。造句：His debts amount to over$3000.他的欠债总数已达三千多美元。43、answer for 对 负责.同义替换：undertake responsibility for,be liable for;take ch

5、arge for真题重现：He failed to carry out some of the provisions of thecontract,and now he has to answer for the consequences.他未能兑现合同上的一些条款，所以现在他必须对结果负责。（1995词汇）造句:You must answer for her.你必须对她负责。44、answer to 适合,符合.同义替换：conform,to造句：Your deeds must answer to your words.你的言行应该一致。45、be anxious about为焦急不安anx

6、ious原始涵义:adj.焦急的，忧虑的,担心的 We had a very anxious timeuntil we knew that they were safe.我们一直忧虑直到得知他们平安。渴望的,急切的,非常希望I was anxious for everythingto be settled.我渴望每一件事都安排妥当。造句：I feel anxious about my brother.我为弟弟担心。46、apologize to sb.for sth.为响道歉apologize原始涵义：vt.&vi.道歉，谢罪 You forgot to apologize.你忘记道歉了。造句

7、：You should apologize to him for your rudeness.你对人不礼貌，向他赔个不是。47、appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力appeal原始涵义：n.呼吁，恳求 His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.他恳请原谅，但没有得到答复。感染力,吸引力 This kind of music hasnt much appeal forme.这类音乐对我没有吸引力。vi.有吸引力This job rather appeals to me.这工作对我有吸引力。有

8、感染力;引起兴趣;引起注意;投其所好;引人入胜(to)Hisargument appealed to me.他的论据引起了我的兴趣。vt.&vi.上诉 Five times he appealed the case,always losing.他上诉五次，都失败了。真题重现：If the study of hw is beginning to establish as part andparcel of a general education,its aims and methods shouldappeal directly to journalism educators.如果法律学习正逐渐

9、被确定为普通教育的主要组成部分，其目的和方法就应该使新闻教育者立即产生兴趣。（2007翻译）造句：If you appeal to him for help,he will come downhandsome.如果你向他求助，他会慷慨解囊的。The action films have lost their appeal to me.我对武打片已经失去了兴趣。48、apply to sb.for sth.为向申请apply for 申请；apply原始涵义：vt.应用；使用；敷,涂 We should try to learn economictheory and apply it.我们应努力学

10、习经济理论并能应用。使刻苦努力；致力于 We should try to learn economictheory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。实施，实行 The club applied the rules to new membersonly.俱乐部仅对新会员实行这些规定。vt.&vi.申请，请求；适用 You may apply in person or byletter.你可以亲自到场或去信提出申请。造句：We applied to the authorities for assistance.我们向当局请求帮助。He applied for a pass

11、port.他申请护照。49、apply t o与有关;适用造句：The law applied to all persons.这项法律适用于所有人。50、approve of 赞成同义替换：consent toz be in favor favor,agree to,consider good,rightapprove原始涵义:vt.&vi.赞成，同意 The firms directors quickly approvedthe new idea.公司的董事们很快赞同了这个想法。vtj比准，通过 The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑

12、计划。vi.赞同，赞许;称许;称赞;满意、喜欢(of)DorTt expect himto approve of your plan straight away.别指望他马上会接受你的计划。造句：I dont approve of smoking in bed.我不赞成在床上吸烟。51 arise from 由引起.同义替换：be caused byarise原始涵义:vi.&link-v.呈现；出现；发生 During the night a greatstorm has arisen.夜里来了一场大风暴。真题重现：Additional social stresses may also oc

13、cur because of thepopulation explosion or problems arising from mass migrationmovements.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。（2000翻译）造句：The countrys present difficulties arise from the reducedvalue of its money.该国目前的困难起因于其货币的贬值。52 arrange for sb/sth.to do sth.安排做arrange原始涵义:vt.&vi.安 排；准备 Everything has

14、been arrangedsatisfactorily.一切都得到了令人满意的安排。vt.整理；布置 He began to arrange the flowers in the vase.他开始把花瓶内的花摆好。达成的协议;解决，调解，调停（纠纷、分歧等）The twosides arranged the sale of the property.双方达成关于房地产交易的协议。造句：We can arrange for you to visit our Ever Bright Cotton Millthis afternoon.我么可以安排让你今天下午参观永明棉纺厂。53、arrive on

15、 到达；arrive a t 到达某地（小地方）;得出,作出;arrive in到达某地（大地方）;真题重现：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals.当史前人类抵达世界上未经开发的地区时.奇怪的事发生在了大型动物身上。（2006阅读）造句：They arrived on the horse court at two.两点钟时他们到达跑马场。I have arrived at the conclusion that he is a

16、very intelligentboy.我已得出结论，他是一个非常聪明的孩子Call me when you arrive in Shanghai.你到上海以后打假I1O舌给我。54 be ashamed o f以 为羞耻同义替换：feel shame,guilt or sorrow because of sth.doneashamed原始涵义：adj.惭愧的，羞耻的,害臊的,不好意 思 的Her husbandfelt ashamed at her behaviour.她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。造句：You ought to be ashamed of yourself.你真不要脸。55 a

17、ssure sb.of sth.向保证,使确信.同义替换:try to cause to believe or trust in sth.assure原始涵义:vt.使相信；使确信;向保 证He assured me success.他使我相信能够成功。造句:He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。56、attach(to)缚,系，结同义替换:to fix,fasten;joinattach原始涵义:vt.&vi.贴上；系；附上 The worker attached a cable.工人连接电缆。v

18、t.结 采;贴;缚，拴，扎牢;装;连接（to）She attached labelsto all her bags.她把标签系（或贴）在所有袋子上。（正式）任命，委派，委任，指 派 His new firm attached himto the sales division of the business.他的新公司派他到营业部工作。真题重现：One can get all the details of a patented invention from alibrary attached to the patent office.我们可以从附属于专利局的图书馆获取某项专利发明的所有详细资料。

19、（1993阅读）造句：He attached labels to his luggage.他把标签贴在行李上。57、make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)试图做attempt原始涵义：vt.试图；尝试 He attempted the exam but failed.他试图通过考试，但失败了。n.尝试，试图，企图 After repeated attempts they finallysucceeded.经过反复尝试，他们终于成功了。造句：The company make an attempt at breaking/to break intothe

20、 American market.公司试图打入美国市场58、attend to(=)注意,照顾;同义替换:give one s attention,care and thought造句：He is really too busy to attend to anything else.他实在太忙，无法分身。attend on(upon)侍候，照料同义替换：wait upon,serve,look after造句：The servant attends on his master.佣人侍候其主人。59 attitude toward对的态度.看法造句:Let us examine our atti

21、tude toward peace itself.我们先来检讨我们对和平的态度61.in bulk成批地，散装的bulk原始涵义：n.大部分;大量;散装 The bulk of the work usually starts inone department.大量的工作通常在一个部门先开始。造句：They needed flour in bulk to bake bread.他们需要大量的面粉来烤面包。62、take the floor 起立发言造句:He invited the mayor to take the floor.他请市长发言。63 on business 出差办事.造句：Are

22、 you in town on business or for pleasure?你到这个小镇是出差还是来玩呢？64、be busy with sth.忙于某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事真题重现：Alone in a deserted house,he was so busy with hisresearch work that he felt anything but lonely.他自己呆在一个废弃的屋子里忙于自己的研究工作，以至于一点都不感觉到孤独。（1990词汇）造句：He is busy with proving up a coal deposit.他正忙于勘探煤

23、层。He is too Busy doing God knows what.他太忙，不知道究竟在忙些什么。65 last but one 倒数第二.造句：The problem is the last But one.这是倒数第二个问题。66、turn oneJ s back on sb.不理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃同义替换：turn away from sb.in an impolite way造句：We cannot turn our back on the world outside.我们不能不去理睬整个世界。67、behind oneJ s back背着某人（说坏话）造句：Dont sp

24、eak ill of him behind his back.别在背后说他坏话。68 be based on upon 基于base原始涵义:n.基础，底座 The lamp stands on a circular base.这盏台灯是装在圆形底座上的。基地，根据地 The country maintains military bases onforeign soil.那个国家在国外设有军事基地。vt.把建 立 在,以 为基础 One should always baseones opinion on facts.我们应总是把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上。基于;以为根据(on,upon)He

25、 based the book on hisown life.他根据他自己的生活写这本书。vi.基于(on,upon)Fluctuating prices usually base on a ficklepublics demand.物价的波动往往因公众需求的变化而造成。真题重现：Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible,because scoring is now based on a statistical populationdistribution among age peers.人们已经不可能得到像萨凡特那么高的

26、分数了，因为现在的得分以各年龄段的人口统计学分布为依据。（2007阅读）造句：A visual interface is based on visual patterns.视觉模式是视觉界面的基础。69、on the basis o f 根 据 在 基础上basis原始涵义：n.基础,要素;基点 The simplest basis for classification is interms of structure or texture.最简单的分类基础是结构或构造。真题重现：On the basis of their models,scientists are of the opinion

27、that the climate of the world should be becoming cooler.科学家根据他们的模型，认为全球的气候应该是在变冷。（1992阅读）造句：On the basis of the evidence we deduced that he wasguilty.根据这些证据，我们推论他是有罪的。70 beat a t在运动项目上打赢beat原始涵义：vi.（心脏等）跳动His heart was still beating.他的心脏还在跳。（翅膀）扑扇;有节奏地拍动;颤动,震动The wings of thesea gull were beating fr

28、antically.海鸥的翅膀在疯狂地扑扇着。vt.&vi.接连地击打It is wrong to beat others.打人是不对的。vt.打败 At last they beat their enemy.最终，他们打败了敌人。n.敲打，敲打声 We heard the beat of a drum.造句：He said that no one could beat him at tennis,but he had toeat his words after losing several games.他说过打网球谁都赢不了他，可是输了几场比赛后他不得不认错了。71、begin with 以

29、开始.造句：We begin with the least hopeful.让我们从希望最小的一点开始。to begin w ith首先，第一（经常用于开始语）同义替换：first of all真题重现：To begin with,the world food supply is going to becomesteadily tighter over the next thirty years.首先，世界食物供应在未来的30年将变得越来越困难。（1991翻译）造句：To begin with,we must consider the problem all sidedly.首先，我们必须全面

30、地考虑这个问题。72 on behalf of 以名义同义替换:as the representative ofbehalf原始涵义：n.方 面，利 益，赞同 He is a person appointed torepresent or act on behalf of others.他是个被指定为代表或按其它人利益活动的人。真题重现：The ability to guard customer data is the key to marketvalue,which the board is responsible for on behalf ofshareholders.保护客户资料的能力

31、是市场价值的关键所在，而董事会代表股东对此负有责任。（2007阅读）造句：General agents have authority to act on behalf of theirprinciples generally.全权代理人有权以委托人的名义从事一般性活动。73 believe in 相信，依赖，信仰.同义替换：have faith or trust in;consider sth.sb.to be true造句：He does not believe in fate.他不相信命运。74 benefit(from)受益，得到好处.benefit原始涵义：vt.&vi.有益于，得益

32、The bank suffers while its officersbenefit.银行遭受损失，而它的高级职员们却得到好处。n.益处，好处 Part of the benefit of the menu comes fromits reliability and consistency.菜单的部分好处来自它的可靠性和一致性。vt.有益于，对，,有好处 That was a health programme tobenefit everyone.那是一项对人人都有好处的健康计划。真题重现：What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited

33、 fromambition if not always their own then that of their parents andgrandparents.奇怪的是他们大都曾从野心（雄心）中受益匪浅一一如果不是总能受益于自己的野心（雄心），那么也是受益于父母或祖父母的野心（雄心）。（2000阅读）造句：You will benefit from experience.你一定会从经验中获得益处。75、for the benefit o f 为了的利益（好处）造句：He is showing off for the benefit of his future.他在为他前途的利益而卖弄才能。7

34、6 for the better 好转造句：His illness has taken a turn for the better.他的病有了好转。77、get the better of 打败，胜过同义替换：defeat sb.造句:You always get the better of me at chess.你下国际象棋总是赢我。78、by birth在出生上，论出身,按血统at birth在出生时;give birth to 出生造句：Im a Chinese by birth.我生在中国,是个中国人。Mans nature at birth is good.人之初，性本善。Adel

35、ine Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a sonz butwas determined to finish college.艾德琳？艾华里斯 18 岁结婚并生有一子，但她决心要读完大学。79 blame sb.for sth.因责备某人blame sth.on s b.把推在某人身上blame原始涵义：vt.指责,责怪，归咎于 Dont blame on him,after all,heis a green hand.不要责备他,他毕竟是个新手。n.责备;指责;责任 All blame must attach to myself.一切责任应由我

36、本人承担。真题重现：I thought the technician was to blame for the blowing ofthe fuse,but I see now that I was mistaken.我原来以为保险丝被烧断是技工的责任，但是我现在意识到自己错了。（1997词汇）造句:All the rats are dead and people wont blame me for therats.所有的老鼠都死了，人们再也不会为老鼠责怪我。Dont blame the failure on me.别把失败怪在我的头上。80、be in blossom开花（强调状态）come into blossom开花（强调动作）blossom原始涵义：n.花丛，花簇 The oriental cherry is in full blossom.樱花盛开。vi.开花 In March the peach blossomed.三月桃花开。造句:All the shrubs are in blossom.灌木丛中花团烂漫。The plum trees come into blossom in winter梅树冬天开花。好学网()