考研英语历年翻译真题解析.pdf

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1、考研英语历年翻译真题解析(1990-2006)Text1.2006 年试题Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in hissociety?I am going to suggest that it is not true.Father Bruckbergen told part of the storywhen he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America.But they ha

2、ve donethat.They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual.It is they,not America,whohave become anti-intellectual.First,the object of our study pleads for definition.What is an intellectual?(46)I shalldefine him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life t

3、heactivity of thinking in Socratic(苏 格 拉 底)way about moral problems.He explores suchproblem consciously,articulately,and frankly,first by asking factual questions,then byasking moral questions,finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light ofthe factual and moral information which

4、 he has obtained.(47)His function is analogous tothat of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possiblethe course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectualsthe averagescientist for

5、one.(48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments maycontribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task ofapproaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings,heencounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routin

6、e dutieshe is notsupposed to cook his experiments,manufacture evidence,or doctor his reports.(49)But hisprimary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more thana businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct inbusiness.During

7、 most of his walking life he will take his code for granted,as the businessmantakes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching hastraditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.(50)They mayteach very well,and more than

8、earn their salaries,but most of them make little or noindependent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This descriptioneven fits the majority em inent scholars.Being learned in some branch of human knowledgeis one thing;living in“public and industrious thoughts/as Emerson would

9、 say,is somethingelse.重点词汇：intellectual：adj 1 通常作定语of the intellect智力的;理智 的:【例】the intellectual faculties 智能。2 of,interested in or able to deal withthings of the mind(eg the arts,ideas fortheir own sake)rather than practicalm atters思维的，善思考的，能运用聪明才智的(如艺术、思想等方面:并非指实际事情)：(W)intellectual people 善思考的人；in

10、tellectual interests,pursuits,etc 需用脑力的爱好、研究等。n intellectual person知识分子;脑力劳动者：【例】a play,book,etc for intellectuals 以知识分子为对象的剧、书等。plead：/pli:d;plid/v 1 (with sb)(for sth)make repeatedurgent requests(to sb)(for s th)再三恳求或请求(某人)(做某事)：【例】plead for m ercy祈求发慈悲；He pleaded with his parents for amore unders

11、tanding attitude.他求父母多加谅解。2 offer（sth）as an explanation or excuse,esp for failing to do sth or for doing sthwrong提 出（理由或藉口）（尤指因未做某事或做错某事）【例】They asked him to pay for thedamage but he pleaded poverty.他们要他付损害赔偿金，但他藉口贫穷而不偿还。3 for/against sb（law 律）（of a lawyer）speak to a lawcourt（on behalf of theplainti

12、ff/defendant）（指律师）（在法庭上为原告 被告）提出申诉、答辩或辩护。4（law 律）present（a case）to a court ofla w向法庭陈述（案情）：【例】They employedthe best lawyer they could get to plead theircase.他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈述案情。5（law 律）put（sth）forward as the basisof a case in a court of law（on behalf of sb）（代表某人）向法庭提出（某事）（作为案件的基础）：【例】Counsel for t

13、he accused said that heintended to plead insanity,ie that his clientwas insane and therefore not responsible forhis actions.被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告精神失常这一理由，为被告不需负法律责任进行辩护。6 （for）sth argue in support of sth;support（a cause）by argument 极力主张；以辩 论 支 持（某 事 业）：【例】plead for themodernization of the citys public tra

14、nsport力主城市公共交通现代化。【形】pleadingly in a begging or an imploringmanner恳求地；乞求地【名】pleadings（律）（原告的）诉状；被告的）答辩状consciously：adv.【形】conscious1 knowing what is going on around onebecause one is able to use bodily senses andmental powers;awake感觉到的;意识到的;清醒的：【例】He was in a coma for days,butnow hes（fully）conscious

15、 again.他昏迷了几天，但现在又（完全）清醒了。2 of sth/that.aware;noticing 知道的;察觉的；注意到的：【例】be conscious of beingwatched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己3（of actions,feelings,etc）realized byoneself;intentional（指行为、感情等）自觉的；蓄意的：【例】Ones conscious motivesare often different from ones subconsciousones.个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截

16、然不同。4 being particularly aware of and interestedin the thing mentioned对所提到的事物具有深刻认识和浓厚兴趣的：【例】trying to make theworkers more politically conscious 努力提高工人的政治觉悟。【名】consciousness U 1 （a）state of being conscious（1）知觉;清醒状态：【例】The blow caused him tolose consciousness.那一击打得他失去了知觉.（b）（of sth/that.）state of b

17、eingaware;awareness 明了；觉悟：【例】myconsciousness of her needs 我对她的需求的了解。2 all the ideas,thoughts,feelings,etc ofa person or people 意识：【例】attitudesthat are deeply ingrained in the Englishconsciousness深深扎根於英国人意识中的看法。articulateadj 1 （of a person）able to express onesideas clearly in words（指人）能用词语把意思表达清楚的：【例

18、】She、unusuallyarticulate for a ten-year-old.对一个十岁的孩子来说，她异乎寻常地能说会道。2（of speech）clearly pronounced（指讲话）发音清晰的。3 having joints 有关节的。v 1 speak（sth）clearly and distinctly 清楚明白地说（某事）：【例】Im a little deaf pleasearticulate（your words）carefully.我有些耳背-请（把话）仔细说清楚。2 通常用於被动语态（sth）with sth forma joint or connect（st

19、h）by joints with sth形成关节；（用关节）连接：【例】bones thatarticulate/are articulated with others 以关节与其它骨骼相连的骨骼。【副】articulately【名】articulatenessin the light o f按照，根据，当作analogousadj (to/with sth)partially similar orparallel;offering an analogy 类似的；相似的:【例】The two processes are not analogous.这两种过程不相似。encounterv(fml

20、 文)1 meet or find oneself faced by(sth/sb unpleasant,dangerous,difficult,etc)遇到或发现自己面临(令人不快的、危险的、困难的某事 某人)：【例】I encountered manydifficulties when I first started this jo b.我开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。2 meet(a friend,etc)unexpectedly 邂逅(友人等)。n (with sb/sth)sudden or unexpected(esp hostile)meeting突然的或意外的(尤指敌对的)相

21、遇：【例】an encounter with an enemy与敌人的遭遇。ethicn 1 system of moral principles;rules ofconduct道德标准：行为准则:例)the Puritanethic清教徒的伦理观2 ethics n(a)sing v science that dealswith morals 伦理学：【例】Ethics is a branchof philosophy,伦理学是哲学的分科。(b)plmoral correctness 道德规范:【例】The ethicsof his decision are doubtful.他的这一决定是

22、否合乎道德规范值得怀疑。【形】ethical1 of morals or moral questions 道德的；道德上的问题的：【例】largely an ethical problem主要是道德问题2 morally correct合 乎 道 德 的：【例】Hisbehavior has not been strictly ethical.他的行为不太道德。em inentadj.1 (of a person)famous anddistinguished(指人)著名的，杰出的,卓越的：【例】an eminent architect杰出的建筑师2 通常作定语(of qualities)re

23、markable;outstanding(指品质、特性)明显的；显著的；突出的：【例】a man of eminent goodness 品德优良的人【副】eminentlyobviously;outstandingly 明显地；显著地；突出地：【例】She seems eminently suitable forthe jo b.她看来极适合做这项工作。翻译题解：46、I shall define him as an individual whohas elected as his primary duty andpleasure in life the activity of thinki

24、ng inSocratic（苏 格 拉 底）way about moralproblems.句子分段：I shall define him as an individual 1 1 who haselected as his primary duty and pleasure inlife 1 1 the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems.句子分析：本句话的翻译主要难在句子结构的宏观把握，关键要抓住以下两点：第一，who引导的定于从句比较长，所以采取后置翻译的方法；第二，as hisprimary du

25、ty and pleasure in life”是状语成分，本应放在句末作补充说明，由于elected的宾语“the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems”比较长，所以as引导的状语作了前置处理，形成倒装。从微观层面来讲，句子的词义把握总体简单，其中的defineas（把定义为），这个词组在2003年就考过，Socratic还给出了中文。考生要注意的是两点：第一，him这个代词需要根据上文 译 出“知识分子”，否则译文不够完整通顺，而intellectual这个单词在历年考题中出现过多次,考生应该认识。第二

26、，elect基本的意思是选举，推选，这里需要根据上下文作适当的引申，可以理解为“选择”。其实在翻译时,不用译出elect的意思。参考译文：1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体，他把用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主:要责任与乐趣。（47）His function is analogous to that of ajudge,who must accept the obligation ofrevealing in as obvious a matter as possiblethe cour

27、se of reasoning which led him to hisdecision.句子分段：His function is analogous to that ofa judge,11 who must accept the obligationof revealing in as obvious a matter aspossible 11 the course of reasoning which ledhim to his decision.句子分析：本句话的翻译和4 6题相似，仍旧看重句子结构的分析。首先，who引导的定于从句是一个非限制性定于从句而且比较长，所以后置翻译，而且

28、ajudge这个名词不够具体，特点不够明显，所以who引导的定语从句是在限定a judge.其次，“inas obvious a matter as possiblev 是状语成分，用 来 说 明reveal的 方 式，“the course ofreasoning which led him to his decision,是reveal的宾语。由于动词语宾语被状语隔开，所以考生在历届时有一定困难。最后，which led himto his decision”这个定语从句较短,可以先行词前面翻译。从微观的词义方面来看，本句话要注意以卜 几个方面：第一，His function最好译出“知识

29、分子的作用”；第：，analogous表示相似的，可理解为sim ilar,很多考生不能较好把握这个单词;第三，in as obvious a manner as possible 中包含 inan obvious manner（明显的方式）和 as obviousas possible（尽可能明显）两个词组,翻译时需要准切理解词组的结合。参考译文：1、知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程的责任。2、知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。（48）I have exclude

30、d him because,whilehis accomplishments may contribute to thesolution of moral problems,he has notbeen charged with the task of approachingany but the factual aspects of thoseproblems.句子分段：I have excluded him 1 1 becausewhile his accomplishments may contributeto the solution of moral problems,he hasn

31、ot been charged with the task 11 ofapproaching any but the factual aspects ofthose problems.句子分析：宏观上来讲，本句话不难，主要考察因果关系，虽然在原因部分加入while引导的让步从句，但句子结构仍旧简单。本句话的难点在于微观层面的词义把握。Exclude与include相 反，是 排 除 的 意 思；accomplishment 表示成就：contribute to 意为有利于，有助于；be charged with应该是考生最难理解的地方，它最普通的意思是控告，但这里becharged with

32、a task应理解为承担一项任务。另外，句子中有个分开的词组，notany but-,表示o n ly,理 解为“仅仅”；可见，考研翻译是以一定的词汇量为基础的。除了这些词义的把握，在翻译时还要注意把句子开头的代词h im具体翻译为：average scientist（普通科学家）。参考译文：1、我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是承担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务。（改进：我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。）2、因为虽然普通科学家的成就有助手解决道德问题，但是他只是承担了触及这些问题

33、事实方面的任务，所以我把他排除在外。（49）But his primary task is not to thinkabout the moral code which governs hisactivity,any more than a businessman isexpected to dedicate his energies to anexploration of rules of conduct in business.句子分段：But his primary task is not to thinkabout the moral code 11 which governs his

34、activity,11 any more than a businessman 1 1is expected to dedicate his energies to anexploration 1 1 of rules of conduct in business.句子分析：从宏观框架层面来看，关键是要把握两点：第一,“which governs his activityM 这个定于从句可以放在被限定的名词前面，译文会显得简练，出 然 后 置 翻 译 也 是 可 以 的；考 生 最 难 把 握 的 是not-any more than ,表示两者类似。所以后半句话是用类比的方式对前半句话进行说

35、明。在词义的微观层面上，有些词组需要注意。moral code中，code表示编码，道德编码不同顺，需要结合汉语表达习惯，译 为“道德准则”，“道德标准”等。dedicate to表示致力于，如果这个词组没有准确理解，句子就很难译好。Exploration是开发探索之意，翻译时需要做一点调整。看见，考研翻译不仅考察对单词的认知，而且考察根据上卜.文作意思转换与引申的能力。参考译文：1、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。2、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非思考道德准则，虽然道德准则约束着他的行为；这正如人们不指望商人致力于探究商业行为

36、规范。(50)They may teach very well,and morethan earn their salaries,but most of themmake little or no independent reflections onhuman problems which involve moraljudgment.句子分段：They may teach very well,11 andmore than earn their salaries,11 but most ofthem make little or no independentreflections on hum

37、an problems 11 whichinvolve moral judgment.句子分析：本句话相对简单，句子用虽然但是的结构即可从前往后按顺序翻译，为译需要作调整的地方就是句子最后的定于从句。该定语从句较短，可以放在先行词前面翻译。在词义把握的微观层面，要 注 意more than表示不仅仅，超过；little具有否定意味，不能翻译为一些等。参考译文：1、教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。全文翻译：美国的知识分子被他们的所在社会拒绝并不认为是社会组成的一部分，这一情况属实么？我将暗 示 一 下 这 不 是 真 实 的

38、 情 况。当 父 亲Bruckbergen观察发现正是知识分子自己拒绝了美国，他揭露了一部分真相。但是，他们所做的不仅限于此。他们逐渐对知识分子的角色感到不满。正是他们自身，而不是美国，变为了反知识分子。首先，我们的研究目标是来力求一个定义。什么是知识分子？我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。他首先提出实际问题，然后提出道德层面上的问题，最后提出看起来和他所获得的实际和道德信息相符合的行动建议。通过这一系列行为来清晰明了真实地探究此类问题。知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程的责

39、任。该定义排除了多个通常被称为知识分子的个体一一对于个人而言是普通的科学家。我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。和其他人类一样，即使在日常例行职责的表现 中也会遇到道德问题一一人们并不会要求他可以烹饪实验，加工事实或医治报告。但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。在其大部分的人生中，他将认同他的行为准则，正如商人认同商人的道德规范。该定义同样排除了多数教师，尽管事实上，教育是许多知识分子用来谋生的传统方法。教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及

40、人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。大部分著名学者甚至都符合这描述。在人类知识的某一分支是专家是一回事；而生活在如爱默生过去常提到的“公共而勤勉的想法”之中又是另外一回事。Text2.2005年试题(全国卷)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline inEuropean universities.However,only in recent years has it become a feature ofundergraduate programs in C

41、anadian universities.(46)Traditionally,legal learning has beenviewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary partof the intellectual eauiDment of an educated person.Happily,the older and more continentalview of legal education is establishing itself in a numbe

42、r of Canadian universities and somehave even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline whichencourages responsible

43、judgment.On the one hand,it provides opportunities to analyze suchideas as justice,democracy and freedom.(47)On the other,it links these concepts toeveryday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basisas they cover and comment on the news.For example,notion

44、s of evidence and fact,of basicrights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and productionjust as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirablecomponent of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)But

45、the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than aaordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and specialresponsibilities of the news media.Politics or,more broadly,the functioning of the state,is amajor subject for journalists.The better infor

46、med they are about the way the state works,thebetter their reporting will be.(49)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not havea clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job onpolitical stories.Furthermore,the legal system and the events which

47、 occur within it are primary subjectsfor journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly,there is an undue relianceamongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50)Whilecomment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists

48、torely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only comefrom a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.重点词汇：discipline:记 联想记忆：dis（不）+cip（拿）+line（线）一不拿老百姓一针一线一纪律n.纪律，规 定 W ithout discipline,there isno method.没有规矩，不成方圆。学 科 例We will set up a new academicdisci

49、pline in our school.我们将在学校设立一门新的理论学科。训 练 例The mountaineer has been underperfect discipline.那登山队员受过良好的训练。派disciplined a.受过训练的，遵守纪律的preserve:记 词根记忆:pre（预先）+serve（保持）-便于长久保存而预先采取措施保护，保藏Vt.保 护,维 持 例preserve onet s eyesight保护视力保存，保 藏 例Tom preserved the meat inthe fridge.汤姆将肉保存在了冰箱里。腌 制 例The local people

50、use smokehousesto preserve tons of fish and other seafoodannually.每年，当地人利用熏制室来腌制成吨的鱼和其它海产品。parallel:id para（类似）+llel类似的a.平行的，并 联 的 例parallel lines平行线 考run parallel to/with 与平行；parallelto/w ith平行的，并联的com petent:记 来自 compete（vi.竞争），com（力 口 强）+pete（竞争）一竞争a。有 能力的,胜任的 例Young as he is,thisnew manager is r