2022年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷1测.pdf

《2022年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷1测.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷1测.pdf（67页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2022年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓爸 考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.Pas s ag e Th reeCon cern w i t h m on ey,an d t h en m ore m on ey,i n order t o bu y t h e con v ert i en cesan d lu x u ri es of m odern Ii f e,h as brou g h

2、t g reat ch an g es t o t h e I i v es ofm os t Fren ch m en.More peopIe are w orki n g t h an ev er bef ore i n Fran ce.Int h e ci t i es t h e t rad i t i on a I I e i s u re I y m i dday m ea I i s di s appeari n g.Of f i ces,s h ops an d f act ori es are di s cov eri n g t h e g reat er ef f i c

3、i en cy of a s h ortlu n ch h ou r i n com pan y lu n ch room s.In alm os t al I I i n es of w ork em ph as i sn ow f alls on ev er-i n creas i n g ou t pu t.Th u s t h e“t y pi cal“Fren ch m anprodu ces m ore,earn s m ore,an d bu y s m ore con s u m er g oods t h an h i scou n t erpart of on ly a g

4、 en erat i on ag o.He g ai n s i n creat u re com f ort s an deas e of I i f e.Wh at h e los es t o s om e ex t en t i s h i s s en s e of pers on alu n i qu en es s,or i n di v i du aIi t y.Som e s ay t h at Fran ce h as been Am eri can i zed.Th i s i s becau s e t h e Un i t edSt at es i s a w orl

5、d s y m boI of t h e t ech n olog i cal s oci et y an d i t s con s u m erprodu ct s.Th e s o-ca11ed Am eri can i zat i on of Fran ce h as i t s cri t i cs.Th eyf ear t h at as s em bly-1i n e Ii f e w i I I lead t o t h e di s appearan ce of t h epleas u res of t h e m ore g racef u l an d lei s u

6、rely old Fren ch s t y le.Wh at w i I Ih appen,t h ey as k,t o t as t e,eIeg an ce,an d t h e cu lt i v at i on of t h e g oodt h i n g s i n I i f e-t o j oy i n t h e s m el I of a f res h ly pi eked apple,a s t rol Iby t h e ri v er,or j u s t h appy h ou rs of con v ers at i on i n a local caf e

7、Si n ce t h e lat e 1950 s I i f e i n Fran ce h as i n deed t aken on qu a I i t i es ofru s h,t en s i on,an d t h e pu rs u i t of m at er i al g ai n.Som e of t h e s t ron g es tcri t i cs of t h e n ew w ay of I i f e are t h e y ou n g,es peci al ly u n i v ers i t ys t u den t s.Th ey are co

8、n cern ed w i t h t h e f u t u re,an d t h ey f ear t h at Fran cei s t h reat en ed by t h e t r i u m ph of t h e com pet i t i v e,g oods-or i en t ed cu I t u re.Occas i on allyf t h ey h av e react ed ag ai n s t t h e t ren d w i t h con s i derablev i olen ce.In s pi t e of t h e cri t i cs,

9、h ow ev er,cou n t les s Fren ch m en are com m i t t ed t okeepi n g Fran ce i n t h e f oref ron t of t h e m odern econ om i c w orld.Th ey f i n dt h at t h e pres en t Ii f e bri n g s m ore rew ards,con v en i en ces,an d pleas u rest h an t h at of t h e pas t.Th ey be Ii ev e t h at a m oder

10、n,i n du s t ri al Fran ce i spref erable t o t h e old.Wh at does t h e ex pres s i on ,ft h e as s em bIy li n e ref er t oA.It refers to the monotonous life style of the workers in modern factories.B.It refers to machine parts or other parts of products being moved inan assembly shop.C.It refers

11、to the monotonous production manner as is in a car-makingfactory.D.It may refer to the firm army disciplinary training style.2.Pas s ag e On eA f ew y ears ag or w h en en v i ron m en t ali s t s i n Was h i n g t on St at e beg anag i t at i n g t o ri d I oca I du m ps of t ox i c old com pu t er

12、s an d t e I ev i s i on s,t h eyf ou n d an u n ex pect ed ally:Hew let t-Packard Co.Team i n g u p w i t h g reen s an dret ai lers,h p t ook on IBM,Apple Com pu t er,an d s ev eral m aj or TVm an u f act u rers,w h i ch w ere res i s t i n g recy cli n g prog ram s becau s e of t h ecos t s.Ai de

13、d by h p s en erg et i c lobby i n g,t h e g reen s pers u aded s t at e law m akerst o adopt a lan dm ark prog ram t h at f orces elect ron i cs com pan i es t o f oott h e bi ll f or recy c I i n g t h ei r old equ i pm en t.Th i s bi ll pu t s ou rm arket-bas ed econ om y t o w ork f or t h e en

14、v i ron m en t,n s ai d Was h i n g t onGov ern or Ch ri s t i n e 0.Greg oi re as s h e s i g n ed t h e plan i n t o law on Mar24.Th e m ov em en t t o recy cIe elect ron i c ref u s e,or e-w as t e,“i s s preadi n gacros s t h e n at i on,an d s o i s h p5 s clou t.Th e com pan y h e I ped t h e

15、g reen sw i n a bi g bat t Ie i n Mai n e,In 2004 w h en t h e s t at e pas s ed t h e n at i on s f i rs t e-w as t e“t ake-back”law.Was h i n g t on f oI I ow ed s u i t.Now,Mi n n es ot a an d New Jers ey areprepar i n g t o act,an d 19 ot h er s t at es are w e i g h i n g I eg i s I at i on.Act

16、 i v i s t sh ope t o ban i s h h i g h-t ech j u n k f rom lan df i I Is an d s cru b t h e n at i on5 s ai ran d w at er of lead,ch rom i u m,m ercu ry,an d ot h er t ox i n s prev alen t i ndi g i t al debri sr h p s ef f ort s h av e m ade i t t h e darIi n g ofen v i ron m en t al i s t s.Th ey

17、 s ay t ake-back law s are m ore ef f ect i v e at g et t i n gdi g i t al j u n k recy cled t h an poi n t-of-s aIe f ees,w h i ch t ax con s u m erelect ron i cs produ ct s t o f u n d s t at e-ru n recy cI i n g prog ram s.Th ey re als opleas ed becau s e ef f ect i v e prog ram s i n t h e U.S.r

18、edu ce t h e Ii keIi h oodt h at t h e produ ct s w i I I be s h i pped t o les s dev e I oped cou n t ri es an ddi s as s em bled u n der u n s af e con di t i on s.Bu t h p1 s ag en da i s n,t en t i rely alt ru i s t i c.Take-back Iaw s play t o t h ecom pan y1 s s t rat eg i c s t ren g t h s.Fo

19、r decades t h e com pu t er m aker h asi n v es t ed i n recy cIi n g i n f ras t ru ct u re,a m ov e t h at h as low ered i t sprodu ct i on cos t s,g i v en i t a leg u p i n t h e s econ dary m arket f or equ i pm en t,an d a I I ow ed i t t o bu i ld a cu s t om er s erv i ce ou t of “as s et m

20、an ag em en t,nw h i ch i n clu des prot ect i on of dam t h at m i g h t rem ai n on di s carded g ear.In 2005,h p recy cled m ore t h an 70 000 t on s of produ ct,t h e equ i v alen tof abou t 10%of com pan y s ales an d a 15%i n creas e f rom t h e y ear bef ore.And it coll ected more than 2.5 m

21、illion units(in excess of 25 000 tons)of hardware to be refurbished for resale or donation.No other electronics maker has a resale business on th is scale.But theothers may soon wish to emu I ate hp.nW e see legislation com i ng,M saysDavid Lear,hp s v i ce-pres i dent for corporate,soc i a I y and

22、env i ronmenta Iresponsibi I ity.A lot of companies haven1 t stepped up to the pla te.If we do th is r ight,it becomes an advantage to us.nWhich of the fol lowing statements about the e-waste take back laws isNOT trueA.It won support from both environmentalists and hp.B.It recommends recycling inste

23、ad of burying hi-tech waste.C.It may cut recycling costs to manufactures compared to collection ofpoint-of-sale fees.D.It may directly threat the livelihood of people in less developedcountries relying on dissembling wastes.3.Passage ThreeConcern with money,and then more money,in order to buy the co

24、nveniencesand luxuries of modern Iife,has brought great changes to the Iives ofmost Frenchmen.More peopIe are working than ever before in France.Inthe c itie s the trad i t i ona I I e i sure I y m i dday mea I is disappearing.Offices,shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a s

25、hortlunch hour in company lunchrooms.In almost al I Iines of work emphasisnow fa lls on ever-increasing output.Thus the“typ ica l Frenchmanproduces more,earns more,and buys more consumer goods than hiscounterpart of only a generation ago.He gains in creature comforts andease of I ife.What he loses t

26、o some extent i s his sense of persona Iuniqueness,or individuaIity.Some say that France has been Americanized.This is because the UnitedSt at es i s a w orld s y m boI of t h e t ech n o log i cal s oc i et y an d i t s con s u m erprodu ct s.Th e s o-ca I I ed Am er i can i zat i on of Fran ce h a

27、s i t s cri t i cs.Th eyf ear t h at as s em bly-li n e Ii f e w i I I lead t o t h e di s appearan ce of t h epleas u res of t h e m ore g racef u l an d lei s u rely old Fren ch s t y le.Wh at w i I Ih appen,t h ey as k,t o t as t e,eIeg an ce,an d t h e cu lt i v at i on of t h e g oodt h i n g s

28、 i n I i f e-t o j oy i n t h e s m el I of a f res h ly pi eked apple,a s t rol Iby t h e ri v er,or j u s t h appy h ou rs of con v ers at i on i n a local caf eSi n ce t h e lat e 1950 s I i f e i n Fran ce h as i n deed t aken on qu a I i t i es ofru s h,t en s i on,an d t h e pu rs u i t of m a

29、t eri al g ai n.Som e of t h e s t ron g es tcri t i cs of t h e n ew w ay of I i f e are t h e y ou n g,es peci al ly u n i v ers i t ys t u den t s.Th ey are con cern ed w i t h t h e f u t u re,an d t h ey f ear t h at Fran cei s t h reat en ed by t h e t r i u m ph of t h e com pet i t i v e,g o

30、ods-or i en t ed cu It u re.Occas i on ally,t h ey h av e react ed ag ai n s t t h e t ren d w i t h con s i derablev i olen ce.In s pi t e of t h e cri t i cs,h ow ev er,cou n t les s Fren ch m en are com m i t t ed t okeepi n g Fran ce i n t h e f oref ron t of t h e m odern econ om i c w orld.Th

31、ey f i n dt h at t h e pres en t Ii f e bri n g s m ore rew ards,con v en i en ces,an d pleas u rest h an t h at of t h e pas t.Th ey be Ii ev e t h at a m odern,i n du s t ri al Fran ce i spref erable t o t h e old.Th e pas s ag e s u g g es t s t h at .A.in pursuing material gains the Frenchmen ar

32、e suffering losses elsewhereB.it s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the riverC.the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesD.great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen4.Pas s ag e Fi v eHe i s a rare celebri t y s ci en t i s t.He s ev en h ad

33、 a TV cam eo role（小角色）i n St ar Trek i n w h i ch h e play s poker w i t h s ci en t i f i c i con s （偶像）Si r Is aac New t on an d AI bert Ei n s t e i n.Yet w h en as ked abou t com par i s on sbet w een h i m s elf an d t h e t w o s ci en t i s t s,h e calls i t al I m ed i a h y pe（炒作）.On ce as

34、ked h ow h e f elt abou t bei n g IabeIed t h e w orld,s s m art es tpers on,h e res pon ded:n It i s v ery em barras s i n g.It i s ru bbi s hy j u s t m edi ah y pe.Th ey j u s t w an t a h ero,an d I f i 11 t h e rol e m ode I of a di s ab I ed g en i u s.At leas t I am di s abled,bu t I am n o g

35、 e n i u s.”Haw ki n g h as ALS or Lou Geh ri g s di s eas e,a n eu rom u s cu lar di s eas e t h atprog res s i v ely w eaken s m u s e Ie con t rol.He g et s arou n d i n a w h eel ch ai rtan d af t er com p Iet eIy los i n g t h e u s e of h i s v ocal ch ords i n an operat i ont o as s i s t h i

36、 s breat h i n g i n 1985,h e com m u n i cat es t h rou g h a com pu t er.As peech s y n t h es i zer“s peaks f or h i m af t er h e pu n ch es i n w h at h e w an t st o s ay,s eIect i n g w ords i n t h e com pu t er s of t w are by pres s i n g a s w i t chw i t h h i s h an d.Un f ort u n at el

37、y,i t m akes h i m s ou n d I i ke h e h as an Am eri canaccen t,h e s ay s.Des pi t e h i s h u m orou s,s eIf-ef f aci n g m an n er,Haw ki n g i s on e of t h e w or Id1s leadi n g t h eoret i cal ph y s i ci s t s.Man y con s i der h i m t o be t h e m os tbri lli an t s i n ce Ei n s t ei n.Si

38、n ce 1979,h e5 s h eld t h e pos t of Lu cas i anprof es s or of m at h em at i cs at Cam bri dg e Un i v ers i t y-w h i ch w as on ce h eldby Is aac New t on n o les s-an d h as t w eIv e h on orary deg rees.He s als o abes t-s eI Ii n g au t h or.Hi s book,A Bri ef Hi s t ory of Ti m e,h as beent

39、 ran s lat ed i n t o 33 lan g u ag es an d h as s old n i n e m i lli on copi es.For m u ch of h i s academ i c I i f e,Haw ki n g h as been am on g a g rou p oft h eoret i cal ph y s i ci s t s s earch i n g f or a nt h eory of ev ery t h i n g5-on eu n i f i ed s ci en t i f i c t h eory t h at e

40、x plai n s t h e bi g cos m olog i cal qu es t i on sI i ke How di d t h e u n i v ers e beg i n Wh y i s t h e u n i v ers e t h e w ay i t i s an dHow w i 11 i t en dYou are probably f am i I i ar w i t h t h e ex i s t i n g t h eori es,s u ch as t h e Bi gBan g t h eory.How ev er,t h es e t h eo

41、r i es are i n eon s i s t en t w i t h each ot h er.So Haw ki n g-am on g a g rou p of t h eoret i caI ph y s i ci s t s-h as been on a qu es tt o com e,u p w i t h a t h eory of qu an t u m （量子）g rav i t y t h at w ou ld i n corporat et h es e t h eori es-t h e t h eory of ev ery t h i n g （TOE）-w

42、 h i ch w ou ld s olv e t h eproblem of w h at cau s ed t h e u n i v ers e t o s t art ex pan di n g.How s u cces s f u I h av e t h e w orld1 s Ieadi n g cos m olog i s t s been Haw ki n gpredi ct s w e I I h av e t h e TOE i n t h e n ex t 20 y ears.In t h i s pas s ag e,Haw ki n g appears t o be

43、.A.silent and hard workingB.humorous,modest and industriousC.confident and proudD.diffident and shy5.Pas s ag e Tw oOn an av erag e of s i x t i m es a day,a doct or i n Ho I I an d pract i ces “act i v e”eu t h an as i a（安乐死）：i n t en t i on al ly adm i n i s t eri n g a Iet h aI（致死的）dru gt o a t e

44、rm i n al ly i i i pat i en t w h o h as as ked t o be rel i ev ed of s u f f er i n g.Tw en t y t i m es a day,Ii f e-prolon g i n g t reat m en t i s w i t h h eld or w i t h draw nw h en t h ere i s n o h ope t h at i t can ef f ect an u 11i m at e cu re.Act i v e”eu t h an as i a rem ai n s a cr

45、i m e on t h e Du t ch s t at u t e books,pu n i s h able by 12y ears i n pri s on.Bu t a s eri es of cou rt cas es ov er t h e pas t 15 y ears h asm ade i t clear t h at a com pet en t ph y s i ci an w h o carri es i t ou t w i I I n ot bepros ecu t ed.Eu t h an as i a,of t en cal led n m ercy ki l

46、l i n g 1 i s a cri m e ev ery w h ere i nWes t ern Eu rope.Bu t m ore an d m ore doct ors an d n u rs es readi ly adm i t t opract i ci n g i t,m os t of t en i n t h e pas s i v e f orm of w i t h h oldi n g orw i t h draw i n g t reat m en t.Th e lon g s i m m eri n g eu t h an as i a i s s u e h

47、 as I at e Iyboi led ov er i n t o a,s om et i m es,f i erce pu b Ii c debat e,w i t h bot h s i desclai m i n g t h e m an t Ie of u 11 i m at e r i g h t eou s n es s.Th os e oppos ed t o t h epract i ce s ee t h em s elv es u ph oldi n g s acred pri n ci ples of res pect f or I i f e,w h i le t h

48、 os e i n f av or rai s e t h e ban n er of h u m an e t reat m en t.Af t er y earson t h e def en s i v e,t h e adv ocat es n ow s eem t o be g ai n i n g g rou n d.Recen tpolls i n Br i t ai n s h ow t h at 72 percen t of Br i t i s h s u bj ect s f av or eu t h an as i ai I I s om e ci rcu m s t

49、an ces.An as t on i s h i n g 76 percen t of res pon den t s t o apolI t aken las t y ear i n Fran ce s ai d t h ey w ou ld I i ke t h e law ch an g ed t odecri m i n ali ze m ercy ki lli n g s.Eu t h an as i a h as been a t opi c of con t rov ers y i n Eu rope s i n ce at leas t 1936,w h en a bi I

50、I w as i n t rodu ced i n t h e Hou s e of Lords t h at w ou ld h av e leg al i zedm ercy ki lli n g u n der v ery t i g h t I y s u perv i s ed con d i t i on s.Th at bi ll f ai led,as h av e t h ree ot h ers i n t rodu ced i n t h e Hou s e of Lords s i n ce t h en.Reas on s f or t h e Iat es t s