2022年云南大学英语考试真题卷18测.pdf

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1、2022年云南大学英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.When Secretary of State Condo I eezza Rice stood bes i de Afghan PresidentHam id Karza i,she made an en I i ghtened statement about cutt ing Afghan i stan5s op i um p rod

2、uct i on,say ing:n It is a p roblem that took a wh i I e to deve I op,and it wi 11 take time to end the p roblem.H Rice s statement in Marchis the clearest conf i rmat i on yet of a gradual mm in U.S.p olicy sinceearly 2004,when the Bush administration and Congress were calling foran i mmed i ate cr

3、ackdown on Afghan i stan s b i ggest cash crop.Her statementshows the United States new p atience and accep tance that it wi 11 taketime for a democratic Afghanistan to el iminate op ium p roduction.Whenthe Un i ted States ear Iier p ushed Karzai to i mmed i ate Iy end op iump roduction in his war-t

4、om country-without instituting the rep ressivetactics that histor ica11y have led to rap id success-the United Stateswas giving the Afghan leader a virtually imp ossible task.Afghanistancould p I ease the Un i ted States only by aggressive act i on that wouldfurther imp overish its already p oor p o

5、p uI at i on and undermine thegovernment1 s I eg i t i macy.The Tai i ban announced a ban on grow ing p op p i es the source of op ium-in Afghanistan in July 2000,saying thisreflected the teachings of the Koran.Already feared by Afghans for itsbrutal ity,the Tai iban ach i eved comp I iance with its

6、 p op p y ban by tearingup the fields of a few early p roducers who violated the ban,therebyshowing that the government was serious.The result of the Talibans order was a dramatic reduction in Afghan op ium p roduction,which fel Ifrom 3,600 tons in 2000 to just 185 tons in 2001.This caused world op

7、iump roduction to fa 11 by more than 60 p ercent.This wasn*t the first timethat large and rap id reductions in op ium p roduction have been achievedby massive government rep ression.When the Communists took p ower inChina in 1949,the nation was a major op ium p roducer and suffered fromwhat may have

8、 been the world5 s worst op ium consump tion p roblem.Withintwo years of a p olice crackdown on op ium p roduction and consump tion-resulting in mass executions and imp risonments-op ium p roduction anduse had essent ial ly di sap p eared in Chi na.The Islamic Revo I ut i on in 1979in I ran used som

9、e of the same p ol i ce-s I ate tact i cs as China to el i m i natethe large p roduction and consump tion of op ium that had p revailed underthe rule of the shah of I ran.This year there may be yet another,sI ight Iyless dramatic instance of successful reduction.Myanmar,formerly knownas Burma,is the

10、 world1 s second-largest p roducer of op ium.A rebelmovement,the United Wa State Army,has control of the major p op p y-growingareas and has a I ready reduced p roduction by three-quarters in the p astsix years,with a real istic p romise to end p roduction by June this year.It has accomp I ished thi

11、s mostly by forcible relocation of some 100,000p easant farming fami I ies who grow p op p ies.But if Afghanistan1 s currentgovernment resorted to the tact i cs of the Ta I i ban,the Ch i nese Commun i sts,Iran s dictatorship and the rebels in Myanmar to end op ium p roduction,it would rightIy be co

12、ndemned by the United States and other democraticnations.This is because in each of the successfuI crackdowns on op iumtauthorities relied on methods that are simp ly not accep tabIe in ademocratic nation,no matter how noble the p urp ose.The success ofanti-op ium camp aigns in more p olitically op

13、en settings is much moregradual.Thai land,once a major world op ium p roducer,is the Ieadingexamp Ie.A comb i nat i on of general economi c deveIop ment and targetedp rograms-both crop substitution and law enforcement-led Tha i I and toa Imost end its op ium p roduction over a p er i od of more than

14、 a decade.Pakistan,also a formerly significant p roducer,has managed to almostentirely exit op ium p roduction over a similar p eriod,notwithstandinga recent up turn in p op p y harvests.Going after traffickers rather thanfarmers,albeit p ol it ical ly much more accep tabIe,is even more difficult.Fe

15、w governments,authoritarian or otherwise,have had a high degree ofsuccess in this arena.While end i ng p op p y p roduction,I ran and Pak i stanare still major drag traffickers.The recent Thai crackdown,with theextra-judicial killing of 2,000 drug dealers in less than a year,seemsto have Iessened do

16、mest ic drug use but does not offer a he Ip fuI modelfor a democracy-buiIding Afghanistan.Secretary Rice s cal I forp atience in the fight against op ium p roduction in Afghanistan shows anaccep tance of the diIemma Afghanistan faces and is an encouragingindication that the U.S.government has learne

17、d from history.Which one is not the reason why Afghanistan government can not el iminateop ium quicklyA.Opium is closely related with the economy situation of AfghanistanpeopleB.It is a hard job which needs timeC.Afghanistan is not a democratic countryD.It is a problem left by history and it need mo

18、re patience2.Going Forth,The Nat i ons Multip ly Uneven I y Desp ite wars,famines,andep idemics,Earth s p op u I at i on is booming ahead to new records-with noend i ns i ght.Every day,the world adds enough p eop Ie to p op uI ate amedium-sized city in the US.In one month,the number of new wor Id ci

19、tizensequa I s the p op u I at i on of New York City.Every year,there are 90 mi 11 ionmore mouths to feed,more than the total p op u I at i on of Germany.Severalfactors are p rop el Iing this rap id growth,including an eIement that isoften overlooked:the huge number of teenagers who are becoming mot

20、hers,p articularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.In four Africannations-Niger,Mali,Sierra Leone,and Ivory Coast-1 out of every5 ado I escent femaIes of child bearing age has a baby annually.The USBureau of the Census says this high rate of motherhood among teens hashe I p ed to ma i nta i n

21、 the high p ace of births across most of the Africancontinent.By starting a family early,a typ ical woman is Somalia,forinstance,has seven chi Idren during her I ifetime.Equal ly large fami I iesare the rule in Zambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiop ia.The current record-holder for fer

22、ti I ity is str ife-tom Rwanda,where a typ icaI mother has at least eight or nine chi Idren.Whilep op u I at i on exp erts often focus on Africa1 s p roblems,analysts note thatteenaged mothers are also far more p revalent in the United States thanin France,Germany,Italy,Sweden,or Britain.This issue

23、babieshaving babies -has recently gained p rominence in the US.Teenagedmotherhood in the US has fueIed an exp ansion of the state federal welfaresystem and brought cries for welfare reform from lawmakers.With itshigh rate of teen births,the US now ranks a I ongs i de I ndones i a and p artsof South

24、Amer i ca,and on I y modest I y ahead of Mex i co,India,and Pak i stan.OveralI,the fertiIity rate among Americans remains relatively low at2.1 births p er woman-about the rep Iacement I eve I.AI though the USp op u I at i on is exp ected to cl imb stead i I yf from 260 mi 11 ion today to 323million

25、by 2020,most of that growth wi11 court from immigration.TheCensus Bureau estimates that in Haiti,where thousands of citizens aretrying to f Iee to the US because of mi I itary op p ression and p overty,AIDSwi 11 cut the annual growth rate during the next 25 years from 2.1 p ercentto 1.3 p ercent.The

26、 dec Ii ne in growth is even sharp er in the CentralAfrican Rep ub I ic,where rates wi 11 dip from 2.4 p ercent to 0.7 p ercent,hi Tha i I and which a I ready had low birth rates,AIDS wi 11 drive p op u I at i ondownward to 0.8 p ercent a year.In the 16 countries that are hit hardest,AI DS w i11 low

27、er p op uI at i ons by 121 mi 11 ion over exp ected p rojections by2020.In Africa,the imp act of AIDS is so great that trends toward longerI ife sp ans during the p ast 40 years are being reversed.Some nations wi I Isuffer dec Ii nes in average Iife sp ans of 10 to 30 years comp ared withexp ected I

28、 ife sp ans without AIDS.In the USt where AIDS is also asubstant i a I p roblem,the i mp act wiI I be lower because the disease ismostly Iimited to homosexuaIs and drug users,says Peter Way,a CensusBureau researcher.In many African nations,AIDS is p revalent among theheterosexuaI p op ulation,which

29、sharp ly boosts infant mortality.Acomp e11ing chap ter in the research deals with aging.Today the medianage in deve I op ed countries is 35,and in deve lop ing nat i ons are only 23.By 2020,the corresp onding figures wi11 be 42 and 28.Today there arefewer adults over 60(525 mi 11 ion)than chi Idren

30、under 5(636 mi 11 ion).As the world p op uI at i on ages,by 2020 the number over 60 will be morethan 1 billion,while those under 5 wi11 total 717 mi 11 ion.Sub-Saharan African countries.A.will have the largest world population by 2020B.have the highest reproductive rate in the worldC.are only modest

31、ly affected by AIDSD.will have increasingly long life spans3.Story telling is an anc i ent and honored art.Story tel lers entertainedduring the long dark hours before sleep arrived after the sun disap p earedover the western horizon.But the story teller s job is more than justentertainment Before th

32、e p rinted p age ap p eared,story tel lers p rovidedcultural continuity,preserving the past to serve as guide through thefuture.Storyte 11 ers told tales of heroes to prov ide pos it ive examp les,the Iegends that held the tribe together and provided its identity,andthe stor ies of fooI ish or evi I

33、 beings to remind young and oId the penaIt iesfor not riving cor rect I y.Even behav i or too horrible to speak of d i rect I y,such as cann i ba Ii smv cowardice or death,could be exam i ned through themediation of a story.Even today,books,magazines,radio,televisionand movies s t ill have not rep I

34、 aced the storyte 11 er.None of thesepermanent,reproducible media are able to deliver a personal,individualized message with the i mpact of a we 11-to Id story.Whetherthe purpose of a story is to set a mood,to entertain,to teach a lesson,to amuse or to scare,nothing works I ike a good story at the r

35、ight moment.A story with an obvious message concerning the results of another person5s misbehavior can deliver a warning and deterrent that a directconfrontation can not produce and the story wi11 do so without hurtingegos.A positive relationship can be maintained and,sometimes,evenstrengthened whil

36、e s t ill delivering an unweI come message.This is thepower of the storyte I I er.Not every story wi 11 f it every s i tuat i on.Thestory teller needs to seIect a story which wi11 meet the needs of thes i tuat i on and thon the story teller must tailor the story to f it the timeavai IabIev the age o

37、f the audience,the Iocation and the mood desired.A good story choice wi 11 capture the interest of the audience.Audiencemembers wi 11 re I ate to a location,experience or emot i on that they sharein common with the story teller and wi11 suspend disbelief long enoughto be drawn into the story as it u

38、nfolds.Good stories build to a cl imaxwith a beginning,a middle and an end.The eIements of the story revealedin each sect i on wiI I lead to the next.Predicaments and so Iut i ons wiI Idepend on the detai Is of the story revealed in an ear I ier sect ion.However,better stories may add a twist to mak

39、e the ending unexpected and,therefore,more interesting.Scary stor ies should be matched to the ageof the audience.A little feel ing of fr ight as the story is told may bebenef i c i a I in learning how to deal with scary things,but the use ofI ingering fear that is carried away from the stow is simp

40、ly terrorizinga susceptibIe person and helps no one.It is the responsibi I ity of thestory mi I er to determine what is appropriate and not to abuse the audience9s good faith.Stories can come from nearly anywhere.Folk tales,myths,legends,h i story(espec i a 11y local h i story),Indian stories,advent

41、ureyams and other stow tellers are al I sources of inspiration.A shortI i st i ng of co 11 ected stories is appended along with several examp I es ofgood stories.However,the best sources of stories for good stow tel lersare their own experiences.When inspiration and opportunity unite,astory is ready

42、 to be born.No matter what the source,the best storiesare those of which the story teller has some personal experience orknowledge.This can be combined with other sources and a little practiceto produce the tale to be told.When personal experience is the base onwhich a story is built,the stow wi11 M

43、 r i ng true”to the aud i ence andhave a greater vitality.A dislike of insects crawl ing on your skin,anencounter with a wild animal or the memory of a weird noise experiencedwhen you were home alone can each provide the experience or feel ing thatwi 11 form the basis of a story.The experience need

44、only be a wee partof the story,but that can be enough.When you have chosen a source froma book or another story tel lert learn the stow thoroughly before givingit pub Iicly.Do not memor i ze the story!Memor i ze the out Ii ne and flowof the stow.Take spec i a I note of key points,events and names th

45、at thestory hinges on.Also note where and how they f it in the narrative.Ifthere are key phrases make sure you anchor them in your memory so theycome out natural Iy where they should.Donf t try to del iver a stow verbatim,a story shouId be told in your own words.Make the story a part of youand then

46、share that part with you.Live the stow as you te ll it.As youcontinue,you wi11 find that te llin g a story is more than choosing theright words to say,it also i nvoIves estab Ii sh i ng your presence.Whenyou are the stow teller,you are in control.Walk confidently forwardto your p I ace,stand,pause,r

47、elax,gather your thoughts and become partof your story as you build anticipation,wait for quiet and attention,and then and only then,quietly start your story.Try not to exp lain whatyou are about to do,i nstead cA.perpetuate culture.B.provide role models.C.discourage bad behaviors.D.make horrible be

48、haviors honorabl4.Western tattooists work with a special electrical instrument,someth i ng I ike a dentist1 s dr i 11.It holds a number of very fine needles,which,for the purpose of reproducing the approved drawing,are dipped,in black ink.When the current is switched on,and the instrument passedrapi

49、dly over the out I ine,the act i on of the needles drives the ink intothe skin.The tattooi st is constant Iy wiping away excess ink as he works.This is where sk ill is so important,for the speed of the instrument meansthat he must work rapidly over I ines which are almost permanently coveredover.The

50、 basic drawing then has to be colored in,using the same methodbut with non-poisonous paint now replacing the ink.The average tattoocontains four or five colors,each injected with a separate instrument.How many need I es are used each t i me w i 11 depend on the area to be covered,but it is possible