2021届山东新高考英语二轮高频考点解密05形容词和副词（教师版）.pdf

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1、解密05形容词和副词【命题趋势】i.对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。2.形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。3.从高考来看，主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形容词等。【名师指导】形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。1.形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。2.副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首先考虑要填副词。3.做语篇型语法填空时，考

2、生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。炉 考向1 形容词、副词的比较等级:I一、平级比较1.a s+形容词+(a/an)+名 词+a s 表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。坛 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2.as+形容词/副词的

3、原级+as 与 not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as 表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。等The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如：bThe building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.这栋楼有 100 AoI_Believe it or not,swimming is as any to lose unwanted weigh

4、t.A.a way as good B.as a good wayC.as a way good D.as good a way【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语。as.as表 示 和.一 样 ,固定表达方式有 as+adj./adv.+as M as+adj.+a/an+n.+as”等。Its getting dark,but Mr.Chen is still at his office.No surprise.Who else can work a s(h a r d)as him?【答案】hard【解析】句意：天黑了，但是陈先生还在办公室。不奇怪，还有谁像他一样那么努力工作呢？此处用 Who

5、 else can work as hard as him 表示 Mr.Chen 工作最卖力。二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语有:rather,much,still,any(否定句、疑问句中),even,far,a lot,a bit,a little,a great deal方He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2.比较级的常见结构：(1)“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。bYou look much younger tha

6、n I d o.你看上去比我年轻多了。份3she doesnt work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。(2)由 more,fewer,less+名词构成的比较级more 比多”，后接复数名词或不可数名词6 have more news books than my cousin.方He has more milk than I.less“比少”，后接不可数名词H e has less water than me.fewer 比少”，后接复数名词牙They have fewer flowers than we.3.比较级的特殊结构（1）The more.,the more表

7、示 越.，就越.（more代表比较级）评The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。bThe happier you are,the more friends you will make.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。2.“比较级+比较级”和“moreandmore+多音节词原级”表 示“越来越”bO ur school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。田Our city becames more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮

8、。3.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表 示 两者中较的 那 个 。由The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.“no+比较级+than”结构表示“和一样不”“not+比较级+than”结构意为“不及”，表示前者不如后者sYou are no taller than L 你和我一样矮。handwriting is not better than yours.我的书法没有你的好。典例利航（2019 新课标 I 卷 语 法 填 空）Scientists have responded by noting（note）th

9、at hungry bears may becongregating（聚集）around human settlements,leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are 68（high）than they actually are.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。（2017江苏卷任务型阅读）The birth rate in the 21st century may be much（71）than it was in the 20t

10、h.【答案】lower【解析】根 据 declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st 可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且 much/even/far/a lot/a little 等修饰比较级，故填 lowero(2017新课标 I 卷语法填空)As 65(a)result,people will eat more food to try to make up for thatsomething missing.Even 66(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes

11、 up.【答案】worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。一一How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?一I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.A.even much interesting B.far more interestingC.so far interesting D.far from interesting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据后面的uthan I expected可知，此处运用比较

12、级more inleresting,而 far可以修饰比较级。故选B。My brother is much at tennis than me.He has won every match between us.A.worse B.worstC.better D.best【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：我哥哥比我更擅长网球。他赢了我们之间的所有比赛。根 据 ihan可知此处应用比较级，排 除 BD两项；结合句意可知应用good的比较级better,故选C。三、最高级1.最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not real

13、ly,not quite,nothing likeo雷The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。方Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2.最高级意义的表达法the+最高级+比较范围cThis apple is the biggest of the five.never a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数切 have never read a better boo

14、k than this.厂比较级+than+any other+单数名词Y 比较级+than+all the other+复数名词年较级+than+anyone else比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词比较级+than+lhe rest o f+复数名词或不可数名词e g:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of

15、 the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否定词+比较级=最高级。田There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。司一Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意

16、吗？一No.It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。一The weather isnt good enough for an outing,is it?一Too much dust.We can t have at this time of the year.A.a worst day B.a worse dayC.a nicer day D.a best day【答案】B【解析】句意:“天气不适合远足，是吗?”是的，灰尘太多。这是我们一年中这个时候经历的最糟糕的一天。”否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。She really impressed me a lot

17、for I had never heard voice than hers.A.the more beautiful B.a most beautifulC.a much beautiful D.a more beautiful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:她的确让我印象深刻，因为我从来没有听过比她的声音更优美的声音。”否定词+比较级”相当于最高级的含义。【巧学妙记】形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀1.比较级与最高级：两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。2.同级比较：同级比较用原形，as.as永不离；as.as加 n o t,只言两者是同一，若是not so.a s.后强前弱不看

18、齐。【妙语诠释】比较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词the；同级比较一般用as.as表 示 与一 样,这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而 notso.as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为 不如 。审 考 向 2 倍 数 表 达 法 i_ _ I表示倍数的句型：(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)庆15+倍数+山+名词区2,length,height 等)+of+B(4)A 1$+倍数+伯21+0+8(5)Ais+倍数+w hat引导的名词性从句方This building is three times higher than that on

19、e.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3 倍高。声The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。口After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced

20、 twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。(D When you study the local map,youH find this town is.A.twice the size of that one B.twice as a large town as thatC.twice as larger as that one D.twice as larger a town as that【答案】A【解析】句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的

21、表达方式：A is 十倍数+the+名词(如size/length)+of B；B 项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D 项中as后应用形容词原级。Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks,but it cost his.A.as much twice as B.twice as much asC.much as twice as D.as twice much as【答案】B【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。My uncles house in the do

22、wntown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice expensive.A.as B.soC.too D.very【答案】A【解析】考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是 twice ,由 expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了 as.as.u这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个a s 以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了 as ourso-1炉4考向3-ing形容词和-ed形容词|1.以 ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译 为“令人的”，常作定语；主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人

23、，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。2.以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译 为“(人)的”，常作表语；通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。encourage令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的interesting 有趣的interested感兴趣的astonishing令人惊呆的astonished 惊呆的surprising令人惊奇的surprised感到好奇的m oving令人感动的m oved感动的frightening令人害怕的frightened 害怕的terrifying令人恐惧tem fied感到恐惧的puzz

24、ling令人困惑不解的puzzled感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的tiring令人厌倦的tired感到厌烦的amazing令人惊讶的amazed感到惊讶的boring令人讨厌的bored感到厌烦的exciting令人兴奋的excited感到激动的touching触动人心的touched感动的embarrassing令人尴尬的embarrassed 尴尬的b H e had a pleased smile on his fa c e.他脸上露出了 满意的微笑。k H e told me the news in a very excited vo ice.他告

25、诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。行3The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。方The man is very interesting,这个人很有趣。frightened lo o k害怕的表情（指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕）a frightening lo o k吓人的表情（指这种“表情”令人害怕）tan excited ta lk心情激动的谈话（指“谈话”的人心情激动）an exciting ta lk令人激动的谈话（指 听“谈话”的人心情激动）Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand,the little gir

26、l stood under the t r e e,o u t of her mind.A.frightened B.be frightenedC.to be frightened D.frightening【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句子结构得知空及后面的部分是形容词短语作状语，表状态。再根据句意“当这个小女孩看到一个陌生人手里拿着刀的时候，她站在树底下，吓 得（frightened受惊的，害怕的）魂不守舍。”可知A 项符合语境之意。而 D 项 frightening意 为“令人恐惧的”；B 项结构不对；C 项不定式可作结果状语，但表没预料到的结果，此处表结果也是必然的结果（应该用

27、分词，也就是A（过去分词）和 D（现在分词）项的形式，但这两个词现在通常把它们看作形容词，常根据形容词的意思去区别。）故选A。They can also make their own special sounds to keep the s t o r y(i n t e r e s t)and attractive.【答案】interesting【解析】语境表示“使故事听起来有趣和有吸引力”，故此处要用形容词interesting“有趣的”。What followed was a(t o u c h)scene.【答案】touching【解析】语境表示“随后发生的是感人的一幕”，这里要用-i

28、ng形容词touching“感人的，动人的”。考向4词类转换一、形容词变副词拓 京 百 菱 前 面 赢 显 而：y,套 氯 冷 或 标 金 菽 至 a 卷 而 石 募 一一般直接加，一元去 e 加，一辅（y）改 i 加，le结尾e 改 y。分 另!J举例如下：quickquickly;truetruly;happyhappily;possiblepossibly其植窥血加禾：1.一般情况下直接加一l y,如：recentrecently politepolitelysadsadly immediateimmediately2.少数以e 结尾的形容词，要去掉e 再加-ly。如：true-trul

29、y due-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：politepolitely wide-widelywisewisely nicenicely3.以一个y 结尾的，且读音为/i/,先将一y 改成一i,再加一l y,如：happyhappily heavyheavilyangryangrily busy-busily但是如果读音为/a i/,直接加l y,如：dry-dryly4.以 i c 结尾的词，加 a lly,如:economiceconomicallyscientificscientificallyenergetic-energeticallyshy-shyly

30、basicbasicallyautomaticautomatically5.以辅音字母加le 结尾时，去 e 加 y,如:simplesimply considerableconsiderablyterrible-terribly gentle-gentlypossiblepossibly probableprobably元音字母加le时 加 l y,如：sole-solelyo但是whole-wholly例外。6.以 结 尾 时，只 须 加-y,如：dulldully shrillshrilly需注意：有些以ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendly people motherly

31、 care lovely dogmonthly exam heavenly peace a manly sport二、形容词后缀I.-a b le 以“-ab le”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况:（1）v.+ab le-ad j.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能的”、“可 以（被）的”、适 合 于 的”、“值得的”等，即有被动含义。reliable（可以依靠的）drinkable（可以饮用的）eatable（可食用的）（2）n.+ab le-ad j.这种形容词意为“具有特点的”。valuable（有价值的）reasonable（有道理的）comfortable（舒适的）。2.-a l 该词缀

32、大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过，有 些“一al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性，并非以这种方式构成形容词。“一al”意 为“属于的”有特性的。如：actual,medical等.3.-f u l 这一后缀有两种情况：（1）加在名词之后构成形容词，表 示“充满的”有性质的”,如 beautiful,colourful,helpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful o（2）加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为“易于的，如 forgetful。4.-ical“一ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意 为“的”、”似 的”、“与有关的，如 p

33、hysical,political,practical,technical 等。注意：有些形容词的词尾可能是“一ic”和“一ical”并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者就没有任何区别。一般来说，词 尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊，一 般 作“与有关的“解。请比较：an electric light(电灯)，electrical engineering(电气工程)；historic意 为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史的(2)以“ic”结尾的形容词，其相应副词 则往往是pacifically,scientifically。5.-i

34、v e“一ive”意 为“的”、与有关的”、“具有.性质的”等。如：native,active,passive,attentive,expensiveo6.-less“一less”加在名词、动词后，表 示“无”、“缺7.-(i)o u s该形容词后缀意为“充满的”、具有特征的，加在名词、动词和形容词 之后。例如：curious,fhmous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。(2016全国新课标卷 I)The title will be(offical)given to me at a ceremony in London.【答案】offi

35、cially【解析】修饰动词given应用副词。(2015全国新课标卷II)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)1 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired byeven 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobedwellings admirable is their 3(able)to“air condition a house with

36、out 4(use)electric equipment.Wallsmade of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5(slow)during cool nights,thuswarning the house.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ 6(cool)the house during the hot day:7 the same time,they

37、 warm up again for the night This cycle 8(go)day after day:The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵5 肖)for the outside temperatures.As 9(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thickthe adobe walls needed to be to make the c

38、ycle work on most days.1.built【解析】the adobe dwellings与 build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。2.th e【解析】根据下文的most可知，这里是形容词的最高级，所以用the。3.ability【解析】根据上文的their可知此处应用名词。4.using【解析】without是介词，后面接动名词。5.slowly【解析】slowly副词修饰动词短语give out。6.to cool【解析】adj.+enough+to do sth.意思是“足够.以至于.7.a t【解析】at the same time固定短语，意为“同时

39、8.goes【解析】这句话讲的是一个事实，所以用一般现在时。主语为单数，所以用第三人称单数形式。9.natural【解析】形容词修饰后面的名词。10.how【解析】thick是形容词，用 how修饰形容词，表示墙需要有多厚。意义有别的同根副词hard努力地hardly几乎不near附近nearly几乎，将近high 高highly高度地m ost大多数m ostly主要地deep深入地deeply深深地w ide广阔地widely广.泛地late 迟lately最近，近来close靠近closely密切地free自由地freely免费地ju st正好justly 公正地题组一真题在线1.(20

40、20 山东卷语法填空).In the 18th and 19th centuries,36.(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.【答案】wealthy【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和 19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。2.（2020 天津二卷单项填空）According to Professor Johnson,we dont have to read the book if we d

41、ont wantto,as it is.A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious【答案】c【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A.worthwhile值得的；B.necessary必要的；C.optional可选择的，选修的；D.serious严肃的，认真的。根据“we dont have to read the book if we dont want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可 选 择 的 故 选 C。3.（2020 新课标 I 卷语法填空）.Da

42、ta about the moons composition,such as how 69.ice and other treasuresit contains,could help China decide whether 7O.its（it）plans for a future lunar（月 球的）base are practical.【答案】much【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。4.（2020 新课标山卷语法填空）One day the emp

43、eror wanted to get his portrait（画像）done so he called all greatartists to come and present their 62.（fine）work,so that he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表 示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finesto故填finesta5.（2020 天津卷一 单项填空）With the widesp

44、read use of the Internet,communications across the world havedeveloped over the years.A.steadily B.differently C.independently D.formally【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。句 意:随着互联网的广泛使用，世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。A.stead ily 稳定地，稳 固 地;B.differently不同地；C.independently独立地；D.formally正式地。此处指稳步发展，故选Ao6.（2020 新课标 I 卷语法填空）Landing on th

45、e moons far side is 62.（extreme）challenging.【答案】extremely【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。7.（2020 新课标 II 卷语法填空）66.（certain）during the holiday period,this plant is a must.【答案】extremely【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Cer

46、tainly。8.（2020 新课标 II 卷 语法填空）.Branches of Plum Blossoms The 69.（beauty）long branches coveredwith pink-colored buds（蒋蕾）make fantastic decorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautifulo9.（2020 新课标山卷语法填空）As the small boat moved,68.（gentle）along the river he w

47、as left speechlessby the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案】gently【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词 moved应用副词gently作 状 语,表 示“缓缓地”。故填gently。10.（2020,新课标 I 卷 短文改错）Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.【答案】simply改为simple【解析】考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作

48、定语,故 将 simply改为simple o11.（2020 新课标 II 卷 短文改错）Im surely youll have a good time.【答案】surely改为sure【解析】考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。12.（2019 江苏卷 单项填空）Unlike traditional gyms,app-backed gyms offer people options toexercise.A.casual B.regular C.flexible D.tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词

49、辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有 app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A.casual偶然的，随便的；B.regular定期的，有规律的；C.flexible灵活的；D.tight紧的，密封的。故选C。13.（2019 新课标 I 卷语法填空）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the rangehas been 62（poor）studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000

50、polar bearsworldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词川法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。14.（2019 新课标 II 卷语法填空）Her years of hard work have 63（final）been acknowledged after acustomer nominaled（提名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动