全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）.pdf

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1、第 一 部 分 阅 读 理 解（75分）Pa s s a g e 1CAT V i s a s h o r t wa y o f s a y i n g c o m m u n i t y a n t e n n a （天线）t e l e vi s i o n.Bu t “c a b l e t e l e vi s i o n 7 i s t h e t e r m m o s t p e o p l e u s e.Ca b l e t e l e vi s i o na l l o ws vi e we r s t o r e c e i ve T V p r o g r a m s

2、t h a t t h e y c a n n o t p i c k u p wi t ht h e i r r e g u l a r a n t e n n a s.T e l e vi s i o n s i g n a l s d o n o t f o l l o w t h e c u r ve （曲线）o f t h e e a r t h.T h e yt r a ve l i n s t r a i g h t l i n e s i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s.Si g n a l s f r o m a T Vs t a t i o n m

3、o ve t o wa r d t h e h o r i zo n （水平线）a n d t h e n g o i n t o s p a c e.I fy o u l i ve o n l y a f e w m i l e s f r o m a s t a t i o n,y o u m a y n o t g e t a n yp i c t u r e a t a l l.CAT V b e g a n i n 194 8.Pe o p l e i n p l a c e s f a r f r o m T V s t a t i o n s s h a r e dt h e c

4、 o s t o f p u t t i n g u p h i g h a n t e n n a s.A c o m m u n i t y a n t e n n a wa su s u a l l y p l a c e d o n a h i l l,a m o u n t a i n,o r o n a h i g h t o we r.T h ea n t e n n a p i c k e d u p T V s i g n a l s a n d f e d t h e m i n t o a s m a l l l o c a ls t a t i o n.F r o m

5、t h e s t a t i o n,t h i c k wi r e s c a l l e d c a b l e s r a n o u t t on e a r b y h o m e s.E a c h p e r s o n u s i n g t h e c a b l e p a i d a m o n t h l y c h a r g e.CAT V wo r k e d we l l,a n d s o o n n e w u s e s we r e f o u n d f o r i t.Lo c a ls t a t i o n s c o u l d f e e

6、 d p r o g r a m s i n t o e m p t y c h a n n e l s t h a t we r e n o t i nu s e.Pe o p l e a l o n g t h e c a b l e c o u l d h a ve l o c a l n e ws,we a t h e r r e p o r t s,a n d f a r m a n d s c h o o l n e ws a t n o e x t r a c h a r g e.T o d a y,c a b l e t e l e vi s i o n h a s m o v

7、e d i n t o c i t i e s.I t b r i n g s i n e x t r ap r o g r a m s t h a t c i t y vi e we r s wi t h r e g u l a r a n t e n n a s c a n n o t s e e.I t i sa l s o u s e d i n m a n y c l a s s r o o m s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y.1.F r o m t h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h we k n o

8、w t h a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.OA.m o s t p e o p l e u s e c a b l e t e l e vi s i o nOB.”c o m m u n i t y a n t e n n a i s a n o t h e r n a m e f o r r e g u l a r a n t e n n a”OC.a c o m m u n i t y a n t e n n a i s u s e d f o r c a b l e t e l e vi s i o nOD.r e g u l a r a n t e n n a s c a n

9、 n o t p i c k u p T V s i g n a l s p r o g r a m s2.Of the following,which is N O T the way TV signals travel?OA.In a curve.OB.In a straight line.OC.In all direction.OD.Toward the horizon.3.Cable TV is becoming more and popular because.OA.it is free of chargeOB.it can provide more programsOC.it pr

10、ovides all TV users good picturesOD.TV sets with regular antennas can also have a good receptionthrough C A TV4.On the whole,this passage is about.OA.how to put up high antennasOB.a way of picking up better TV programsOC.how to use the empty channels on your TV setOD.the way that TV signals are sent

11、5.From the passage we can infer that.OA.TV has begun to be used for educational purposesOB.there is no charge for C A TVOC.cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areasOD.antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of acommunityPassage 2In earliest times,men considered lightning to be one

12、of the greatmysteries of nature.Some ancient people believed that lightning andthunder were the weapons of the gods.In reality,lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above theearth.A single flash of l ightning 1.6 kilometers long has enoughelectricity to light one million light bulbs.The Ame

13、rican scientist and statesman,Benjamin Franklin,was the firstto show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752.Inthe same year he also built the first lightning rod.This deviceprotects buildings from damage by lightning.Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contain

14、smore than 15 million volts.A spark between a cloud and the earthmay be as long as 13 kilometers,and travel at a speed of 30million meters per second.Scientists estimate that there are about 2000 million flashes oflightning per year.Lightning hits the Empire State Building in NewYork City 30 to 48 t

15、imes a year.In the United States along itkills an average of one person every day.The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in aclosed car.Outside,one should go to low ground and not get undertrees.Also,one should stay out of water and away from metalfences.Inside a house,people shoul

16、d avoid open doorways and windowsand not touch wires or metal things.With lightning,it is better to be safe than sorry!6.Lightning is really.OA.weaponOB.electricityOC.lightOD.mystery7.People once though that lightning came from.OA.scientistsOB.groundOC.lightning rodOD.gods8.One flash of lightning ca

17、n produce enough electricity forbulbs.OA.10,000OB.1,000OC.1,000,000OD.1009.Benjamin Franklin.OA.made the first lightning rodOB.invented electricityOC.built the Empire State BuildingOD.prevented Lightning from hitting cars10.is the best place to be during an electricalOA.Swimming poolOB.a high ground

18、OC.Under a treeOD.A carstorm.Passage 3Because of the energy crisis,scientists in the oil-consuming nationsh a ve b e c o m e i n c r e a s i n g l y i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e p o t e n t i a .（潜在的）o f s o l a re n e r g y.So m e e x p e r t s e s t i m a t e t h a t t h e p r e s e n t s u p p l

19、 y o f f o s s i l （化石）f u e l wi l l n o t l a s t u n t i l t h e e n d o f t h e t we n t i e t h c e n t u r y.T h ep r o b l e m t h a t s o l a r e n e r g y r e s e a r c h e r s f a c e i s h o w t o h a r n e s s （利用）t h e s u n s e n e r g y e f f e c t i ve l y a n d i n e x p e n s i ve

20、l y.On e o f t h e m o s tp o p u l a r m e t h o d s c u r r e n t l y b e i n g t e s t e d u s e s r o o f t o p s o l a r c o l l e c t o r sa n d u n d e r g r o u n d s t o r a g e t a n k s.An a d va n t a g e o f a p r o p e r l y wo r k i n gs y s t e m o f t h i s t y p e i s t h a t i t w

21、i l l n o t c r e a t e a n y e n vi r o n m e n t a lp o l l u t i o n.An o t h e r a d va n t a g e o f u s i n g s o l a r e n e r g y i s t h a t t h e c o s to f t h e f u e l-t h e s u n s r a y s-i s ze r o.W h e n a s o l a r h e a t i n g s y s t e m i swo r k i n g a t m a x i m u m （最大的）e

22、 f f i c i e n c y,i t c a n p r o vi d e u p t o 80p e r c e n t o f wi n t e r h e a t i n g n e e d s.11.T h e m a i n t o p i c o f t h i s p a s s a g e i s .OA.t h e s h o r t a g e o f f o s s i l f u e lOB.t h e p r o b l e m s t h a t e n e r g y r e s e a r c h e r s f a c eOC.a n e n vi r

23、 o n m e n t a l p o l l u t i o n p r o b l e mOD.a n i n e x p e n s i ve e n e r g y s o u r c e12.On e p o p u l a r s o l a r h e a t i n g s y s t e m m a k e s u s e o f .OA.r o o f c o l l e c t o r s a n d u n d e r g r o u n d s t o r a g eOB.f o s s i l f u e l c o n ve r s i o nOC.u n d

24、e r g r o u n d o i l t a n k sOD.wa t e r c o l l e c t i o n a n d e va p o r a t i o n13.T h e c o s t o f u s i n g t h e s u n，s r a y s f o r h e a t i n g i s .OA.a b o u t t h e s a m e a s t h e c o s t o f f o s s i l f u e l sOB.s e ve r a l h u n d r e d d o l l a r s p e r y e a rOC.n e

25、 g l i g i b l e c o m p a r e d wi t h o t h e r e n e r g y s o u r c e sOD.d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e s e ve r i t y o f t h e wi n t e r14.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o wi n g d e s c r i b e s a n a d va n t a g e o f u s i n g s o l a re n e r g y?OA.T h e r e i s l i t t l e o r n o e n vi

26、 r o n m e n t a l p o l l u t i o n.OB.A l a r g e p e r c e n t a g e o f f u e l c o s t s c a n b e s a ve d.OC.F o s s i l f u e l s wi l l b e c o m e m o r e p l e n t i f u l.OD.T h e o i l-c o n s u m i n g n a t i o n s wi l l n o t h a ve t o i m p o r t o i l.15.Ac c o r d i n g t o s o

27、m e e x p e r t s,t h e s u p p l y o f f o s s i l f u e l wi l l n o tl a s t .OA.o n e m o r e c e n t u r yOB.a n i n d e t e r m i n a b l e t i m eOC.u n t i l t h e e n d o f t h i s c e n t u r yOD.i n d e f i n i t e l y第 二 部 分 完 成 句 子（25分）根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。N o t

28、 l o n g a g o,a n a i r p l a n e wa s f l y i n g o ve r N e w Z e a l a n d.T h e r e wa s at e l e vi s i o n c a m e r a c r e w o n b o a r d.Su d d e n l y,o u t i n t h e n i g h t s k y,ab r i g h t s p h e r e （球体）c a m e i n t o vi e w.E ve r y o n e o n b o a r d s a w i t a n de ve r y

29、o n e t h o u g h,U F O-U n i d e n t i f i e d F l y i n g Ob j e c t.T h e c a m e r a c r e w we n ti n t o a c t i o n a n d s t a r t e d f i l m i n g.T h a t we e k p e o p l e a l l o ve r t h e wo r l ds a w t h e f i l m o f t h i s m y s t e r i o u s l i g h t o n t h e i r t e l e vi s

30、i o n s c r e e n s.W h a t wa s i t?W a s i t a s p a c e s h i p f u l l o f vi s i t o r s f r o m a n o t h e rp l a n e t?T h e c a p t a i n o f t h e a e r o p l a n e a n d t h e f i l m c r e w b e l i e ve d i twas.Other observers had many different explanations.Some said itwas Venus（金星）Ot

31、hers said it was just a trick of light.An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar screen.Hethought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screenwhen the UFO appeared.Most astronomers now believe that what these people saw was almostcertainly the planet Venus.At that time of year

32、 it is very brightand easy to see.And from a moving aeroplane it can appear to bemoving fast.So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships fromother planets do exist.These years investigators of UFOs haveinvestigated thousands of sighting-or occasions when people said theysaw a UFO.Ninety per cen

33、t of these turned out to have a simpleexplanation.However,its good idea to keep an open mind.Scientists in somecountries are trying to persuade their governments to help them studyUFOs.And they are planning to cooperate inter-nationally on reportingand investigating sightings of UFOs.After all,it is

34、 quite possible that there is life out there inthe universe.And if something is alive,it is quite possible thatit will come to visit us.16.The captain and the camera crew believed that UFO was a vspaceship from another planet.17.Many o believed that the UFO was Venus.18.So far there is no proof that

35、 UFOs are sp from outer space.19.Some scientists in the world are planning to do some r onUFOs.20.P life in the universe may try to make a visit to us.第 三 部 分 阅 读 理 解（80 分）Pa s s a g e 1I n r e c e n t y e a r s,s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e ve l o p m e n t s h a ved r a s

36、 t i c a l l y c h a n g e d h u m a n l i f e o n o u r p l a n e t,a s we l l a s o u r vi e wsb o t h o f o u r s e l ve s a s i n d i vi d u a l s i n s o c i e t y a n d o f t h e u n i ve r s e a sa wh o l e.M a y b e o n e o f t h e m o s t p r o f o u n d d e ve l o p m e n t s o f t h e l a

37、 s td e c a d e i s t h e d i s c o ve r y o f r e c o m b i n a n t D N A t e c h n o l o g y,wh i c h a l l o wss c i e n t i s t s t o i n t r o d u c e g e n e t i c （遗传学的）m a t e r i a l （o r g e n e s）f r o mo n e o r g a n i s m i n t o a n o t h e r.I n i t s s i m p l e s t f o r m,t h e t

38、e c h n o l o g yr e q u i r e s t h e i s o l a t i o n o f a p i e c e o f D N A,e i t h e r d i r e c t l y f r o m t h eD N A o f t h e o r g a n i s m u n d e r s t u d y,o r a r t i f i c i a l l y s y n t h e s i ze d f r o m a nD N A.T h i s p i e c e o f D N A i s t h e n l i g a t e d （结扎）

39、t o a f r a g m e n t o fb a c t e r i a l D N A wh i c h h a s t h e c a p a c i t y t o r e p l i c a t e （复制）i t s e l fi n d e p e n d e n t l y.T h e r e c o m b i n a n t m o l e c u l e t h u s p r o d u c e d c a n b e i n t r o d u c e di n t o t h e c o m m o n i n t e s t i n a l （内部的）b a

40、 c t e r i u m E s c h e r i s h c h i a c o l i,wh i c hc a n b e g r o wn i n ve r y l a r g e a m o u n t s i n s y n t h e t i c m e d i a.U n d e r p r o p e rc o n d i t i o n s,t h e f o r e i g n g e n e wi l l n o t o n l y r e p l i c a t e i n t h e b a c t e r i a,b u t a l s o e x p r e

41、 s s i t s e l f,t h r o u g h t h e p r o c e s s o f t r a n s c r i p t i o n a n dt r a n s l a t i o n,t o g i ve r i s e t o l a r g e a m o u n t s o f t h e s p e c i f i c p r o t e i nc o d e d b y t h e f o r e i g n g e n e.T h e t e c h n o l o g y h a s a l r e a d y b e e n s u c c e

42、s s f u l l y a p p l i e d t o t h e p r o d u c t i o no f s e ve r a l t h e r a p e u t i c a l l y （疗法的）i m p o r t a n t b i o m o l e c u l e s,s u c h a s,g r o wt h h o r m o n e s,i n t e r f e r o n,i n s u l i n.M a n y o t h e r i m p o r t a n t a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e u n d e r

43、d e t a i l e d i n ve s t i g a t i o n i nl a b o r a t o r i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e wo r l d.21.R e c o m b i n a n t D N A t e c h n o l o g y c o n s i s t s p r i m a r i l y o f .OA.p r o d u c i n g s e ve r a l t h e r a p e u t i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t b i o m o l e c u l e sOB

44、.g i vi n g r i s e t o l a r g e a m o u n t s o f p r o t e i nOC.introducing genetic material from one organism into anotherOD.using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase22.Recombinant D N A technology has been used in the production ofall of the following biomolecules except.OA.growth horm

45、onesOB.Escherishchia coliOC.interferonOD.insulin23.Which of the following is not true?OA.The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria,but it willnot express itself through transcription and translation.OB.The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amountsin synthetic media.OC.Research

46、 continues in an effort to find other uses for thistechnology.OD.Recombinant D N A technology is a recent development.24.Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires.OA.the viral enzyme reverse transcriptaseOB.the processes of transcription and translationOC.production of insulin and other bi

47、omoleculesOD.that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media25.The term recombinant is used because.OA.by ligation,a recombinant molecule is produced,which has thec a p a c i t y o f r e p l i c a t i o nOB.t h e t e c h n i q u e r e q u i r e s t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f s e ve r a l t y p e

48、s o ft e c h n o l o g yOC.b y l i g a t i o n,a r e c o m b i n a n t p r o t e i n i s p r o d u c e d,p a r t o f wh o s ea m i n o a c i d s c o m e f r o m d i f f e r e n t o r g a n i s mOD.E s c h e r i s h c h i a c o l i i s a r e c o m b i n a n t o r g a n i s mPa s s a g e 2W a t c h a

49、b a b y b e t we e n s i x a n d n i n e m o n t h s o l d,a n d y o u wi l l o b s e r vet h e b a s i c c o n c e p t s o f g e o m e t r y b e i n g l e a r n e d.On c e t h e b a b y h a sm a s t e r e d t h e i d e a t h a t s p a c e i s t h r e e -d i m e n s i o n a l,i t r e a c h e s o u t

50、a n d b e g i n s g r a s p i n g va r i o u s k i n d s o f o b j e c t s.I t i s t h e n,f r o mp e r h a p s n i n e t o f i f t e e n m o n t h s,t h a t t h e c o n c e p t s o f s e t s a n dn u m b e r s a r e f o r m e d.So f a r,s o g o o d.Bu t n o w o m i n o u s （不祥的）d e ve l o p m e n t