成人英语三级考试阅读理解习题讲解15.pdf

《成人英语三级考试阅读理解习题讲解15.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《成人英语三级考试阅读理解习题讲解15.pdf（90页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、成人英语三级考试阅读理解解题法定义题定义题由于一篇成人英语三级考试阅读文章通常在250词左右，一个定义可能占几行，这时定义很可能作为考点。阅读时只需圈出被定义的词就行了。定义可以分为以下两种。（一）篇章定义与主题有关的篇章定义，理解它有助于做主旨题。彳 列 1 Oceanography has been defined as The application of all sciences to thestudy of the sea.Before the nineteenth century,scientists with an interest in the sea were fewand

2、far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in hiswrit-ings,but he was reluctant（不愿意）to go to sea to further his work.It was to M aury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned,in1853,for information on this matter.In the 1840s,M aury had been responsible f

3、orencouraging voyages during which soundings（测深）were taken to investigate thedepths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later,some of his findings arousedmuch popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid,but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent a

4、ndre-liable.At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out forrepairs it was found to be covered in living growths,a fact which defiedcontemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years ocea-nography was under way.In 1872 Thomson

5、 led a scientificexpedition（考察），which lasted for four years and brought home thousands ofsamples from the sea.Their clas-sification and analysis occupied scientists for yearsand led to a five-volume report,the last volume being published in 1895.上述文章第一段就是一个定义：Oceanography has been defined asTheappli

6、cation of all sciences to the study of the sea.（海洋学是综合应用所有科学对海洋进行的研究）。这肯定与主题有关，于是看到下题。This passage is mainly aboutA.the beginnings of oceanographyB.the laying of the first undersea cableC.the investigation of ocean depths可以直接确定A项为答案。B、C、D项均为原文中的细节，不能成为主旨题的答案。（二）具体定义就是对文中某个现象或术语加以定义。这种具体定义有时成为词义题的考试内

7、容。彳 列 2 Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along withone an-other and to determine where we fit in society.As we go about oureveryday lives,we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses.Forexample,we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader

8、 or a librarian,whether the tele-phone caller is a friend or a salesman,whether the unfamiliarperson on our property is a thief or a meter reader,and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter,and changethroughout life.M ost of us can,at very high speed,assume the statuses

9、that Varioussituations require.M uch of social interaction consists of identifying and selectingamong appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses inrela-tion to us.This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based ona con-stant mental process of appraisal

10、and interpretation.Although some of us findthe task more difficult than others,most of us perform it rather effortlessly.In the first paragraph,the writer tells us that statuses can help usA.determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protec

11、t ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people这道题问statuses的作用，这是第一段的内容。第一段首句就是一个定义:Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable US to get along with oneanother and to determine where wefitin society.这个定义为第一段的主题句，也是本题的相关句，由此可知B 项为正确答案：（statuses有助于）人们在人际交往中保持言谈举止得体。成人英语三级考

12、试阅读理解长难句翻译11.Wearing a seat belt saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or seriousinjury by more than half.2.But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 donot ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3.However,you do not have to wear a

13、 seat belt if you are reversing yourvehicle;or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle;or ifyou have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may befined if you cannot prove to the court

14、that you have been excused from wearing it.5.Professor Taiju M atsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmersin northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at arelatively early age,and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6.With a team of colleagues at

15、 Tokyo National University,he set aboutmeasuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varyingoccupations.7.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precisemeasurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,whichrelate to intellect（智能）and emotion,a

16、nd determine the human character.8.Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in somesubjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty andseventy-year-olds.9.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain beginssooner in people in the coun

17、try than in the towns.10.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shopassistant.1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。2、但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他们系好了安全带。3、当然，如果有以下情况你可以不系安全带：你在倒车时，或者你用一种特殊交通工具进行当地的货物运送、

18、收集时，或者你有合法的医学证明你不能系安全带时。4、注意你如果不这么做（系安全带）的话，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被处以罚款除非你能证明你有不带安全带的理由。5、Taiju M atsuzawa教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。6、在东京国立大学的同事们的帮助下，他开始对一千来自不同职业的人群进行了大脑体积的测量。7、计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积，这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分，而且也决定人的性格特点。8、有的人（大脑）前部和侧部的收缩一一随着细胞的死亡一一在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是

19、也有些人直到六七岁依然不明显。9、研究结果表明在农村的人大脑收缩基本上比城市里的人要早。10、在政府部门从事简单重复工作的白领也像农场工人、公共汽车司机和商店职员一样大脑细胞容易收缩。成人英语三级考试阅读理解题型解析3根据过渡词表示的语义和逻辑关系，我们可以分类为：1）举例for example,for instance,as a case in point,as an illustration,such as,say,e.g.2）释义that is,that is to say,in other words,so to speak,or rather,namely3）原因because,be

20、cause of,for,as,owing to,thanks to,due to,now that,since,as aresult of,attribute to,in that4）条件if,unless,whether,provided that,given,as long as,on condition that,otherwise5）让步despite,in spite of,though,although,nevertheless,but,however,admittedly,itis true.but,after all6）结果for this reason,therefore,

21、consequently,accordingly,hence,as a result,thus,inshort,in a word,to sum upz to conclude7）比较similarly,like,likewise,in the same way,much.as much,no more.,than,just as.so8）对照whereas,instead,however,unlike,on the contrary,in contrast,on the otherhand,while,some.,others9）层进first,in the first place,to b

22、egin with,second,next,in addition to,besides,moreover,furthermore,third,finally10）强调indeed,in fact,certainly,particularly,above all,most importantly,worst of all11）目的in order to,in an effort to,so as to,in order that,for fear that,in case,least12）先后shortly after,earlier,later,afterwards,after,before

23、,once,meanwhile,since,until,when,while,the moment,as soon as13）指不this,that,these,this accounts for,this helps explain,thats why成人英语三级考试阅读理解长难句翻译321.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which isrecorded,and the record is available for the student to show to prospectiveemployers

24、.22.All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,but in spite of thissome students still find time for great activity in student affairs.23.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by studentswho advise the academic authorities.24.M uch family quarrelling ends whe

25、n husbands and wives realize what theseenergy cycles mean,and which cycle each member of the family has.25.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasksrequiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.26.We also value personal qualities and social skills,and we find

26、thatmixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.29.It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contained some beautiful expressions of the child/s deep

27、feelings.30.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if hispriorities had centred on the childs ideas,an expression of his disappointment withthe presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.21、学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数，而且要被记录存档，这可以用来提供给将来学生的雇主们。22、所有这些给学生们施

28、加了很大的压力，尽管如此，学生们还是积极参加学生活动。23、而有效遵守纪律的学生们往往是那些经常给校方提建议的学生。24、当丈夫们和妻子们认识到这种能量圈的意思以及各个家庭成员所处的圈之后，许多家庭争吵就结束了。25、只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要能量的工作留到你效率的时候去做。26、我们也很看重个人品德和社交技能，我们发现混合能力的教育对学习的各个方面都有帮助。27、他们也要学习如何处理个人问题和怎样思考，怎样决策、分析和评估以及有效沟通。28、问题是，怎样鼓励一个孩子在写作时自由自信的表达自己，而不被拼写的复杂所捆绕。29、这可能是对学生在写作中的技术能力的尖锐批评，但也是老师

29、的失败的悲哀反映一一忽略了朗读文章，这其中优美的表达可以激发孩子们的深刻感受。30、老师注重错误没错，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话，他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。成人英语三级考试阅读理解长难句翻译542.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouragedthe transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from

30、 one generation to another,a heritage thatslaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based inearning,spending,organizing,marrying,taking part in political activities,fightingand so on，is not

31、very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the socialsystem derived from the social sciences,even though it is built upon the veryimperfect samples of personal experience.44.There are several steps that can be taken,of which the chief one is todemand of all the organizations that exist wi

32、th the declared objectives ofsafeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where theystand on violence towards people.45.It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structuraldifferences among neuron types,however,proof was lacking that the quality of theimpulse

33、or its conduction was influenced by these differences,which seemedinstead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46.According to this theory,it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulsesthat determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce,but rather thediffer

34、ent areas of the brain into which they discharge，and there is some evidencefor this view.48.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out,and asregards our more immediate concern,the reliability of present day economicforecasting,there are considerable difference of opinion.49.A su

35、rvey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentageof patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rayscontracted cancer.50.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,which isrecorded,and the record is available for the student to sho

36、w to prospectiveemployers.41、对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视，他的理论相对成立得较好，但是他将种族偏见如此定义：在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的一个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。42、加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护，这些遗产包括从一代传到另一代的民间传说，音乐，和宗教表述，这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显着。43、即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱，花费，组织，婚嫁，政治活动的参与，以及战斗等等，都与从社会科学中衍生出来更加精细的社会系统描述相差不多，尽管它是建立在

37、一个不太完善的个人经验上的模型。44、有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场、45、用其他方式来展示神经类型的细微差别也是可能的，然而，要证明脉冲质量和传导受到这些差别的影响还缺乏证据，看起来这些差别影响的是神经单元的发展形成方式。46、根据这一理论，不是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的，而是由他们被发射到大脑的哪一部位来决定的，对这一观点是有证据的。47、磨擦的结果是，在叶面上服从正态分布的地方就会产生两种分布方式,顶点上主要是小块，其他的地方是小块，其他的地方是大块的地方。48、圣经没有告诉

38、我们罗马的数据统计者们怎样达到我们今天的经济预测的可靠性的，我们进一步思考的话，其中的意见上有很大的不同。49、在英国进行的一项调查证实经常接受X光照射的脊椎关节炎患者癌症的百分比高得不正常。50、学生们所学的每一门课程都有分数，而且要被记录存档，这可以用来提供给将来学生的雇主们。成人英语三级考试阅读备考材料2ExerciseAmericans admire the self-made personthe one who,with neither money norfamily influence,fights his or her way to the top.Silly or wise,t

39、errible or delightful,it is a further helping of experience,anadditional joy after dark,another slice of life cut differently for which,it seems to me,we are never sufficiently grateful.要点分析和参考译文要点：破折号后的the one是前面person的同位语，the one后面又有一个由who引导的定语从句，其中主语和谓语之间有一个插入语：with neither moneynor family influe

40、nce.参考译文：美国人钦佩靠个人奋斗而成功的人士：这种人既没有金钱也没有家庭背景，靠自己的奋斗攀登到最上层。要 点:Silly or wise,terrible or delightful为平行结构，在句中作让步状语。另外句子的表语也是平行结构“a further helping of experience,an additional joy afterdarkit seems to me”为插入语，插入到for which引导的定语从句中。参考译文：不管是愚蠢还是聪明，可怕还是愉悦，梦中的生活都是更深一层的另外一种体验，是天黑以后才有的另一种欢乐，是生活另一个不同的侧面，对此我似乎觉得怎么

41、感激也不为过。要点：句中“but one that is causing growing concern”,在句中作插入语。在意义上是对Quite a different problem”的补充说明。One代替上文提到的problem参考译文：一个截然不同但却越来越引起人们关注的问题是：计算机可能会侵犯人们的隐私。成人英语三级考试阅读理解习题讲解2Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classroomsare more than amply heated by people and lights

42、 and sometimes must beair-conditioned even in winter.The technique of saving heat and redistributing it iscalled heat recovery.A few modern buildings recover heat,but the Universityssystem is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.Along the way,pit has learned a great

43、deal about some of its heat producers.The harder a student studies,the more heat his body gives off.(76)M ale studentsemit more heat than female students,and the larger a student,the more heat heproduces.It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstowncampus would be a hardwork

44、ing,overweight male genius.1.Until recently,body heat has caused problems because it.A.was difficult to collectB.came in a variety of formsC.was difficult to get rid ofD.tended to be absorbed by physical objects2.Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstowncampus?A.The heat

45、is supplied by human bodies only.B.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.C.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.D.The heat is supplied by human bodies,other heat-emitting objects,andconventional fuel.3.The phrase even in winter(in line 8

46、)most nearly me a n s.A.if the winter is especially warmB.during all of the year except the winterC.in the winter as well as in other seasonsD.during the evenings in the winter4.The phrase heat recovery refers to a.A.method of concealing the source of heatB.special form of air conditioningC.suppleme

47、ntary hot water systemD.way of reclaiming and re-using heat5.According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEASTamount of heat?A.A fat female who studies hard.B.A thin female who does not study.C.A fat male who does not study.D.A thin male who studies hard.一、文章大意和总体结构分析这篇文章，向我们介绍

48、了一种全新的能量利用方式，收集人体热能用于供热。在大力提倡环保的当今社会，这种能源的回收再利用意义重大，这篇文章开阔了学生的视野。二、试题详解1.C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it。Dispose of 处理解决。3.C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为 甚至。4.D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。5.B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多

49、，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。三、文章长难句分析M ale students emit more heat than female students,and the larger a student,the more heat he produces.男学生散发的热量多于女学生，并且身体体积越大，产生的热量就越多。Emit排放、散发。The more.,the more.,为固定句式，意为 越，越四、核心词汇no matter 无论;gives off 散发;conventional fuel 常规燃料;heat recove

50、ry 热能回收;a greatdeal 大量;the more.,the more.越.，越.成人英语三级考试阅读理解解题方法The authors main purpose in writing the passage is toThe author writes this passage toThe author in this passage in tends to例1Official market-moving announcements of this kind are frequentlyforeshadowed by unofficial rumours.Buying or se