新编大学英语第三册教案.pdf

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1、Unit 1 Myths and LegendsTeaching Aims:In this unit students are required to:1）get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passagesin this unit and to know more about English culture;2）do some preparation activities such as discussion,group work,etc.to practice theirspoken

2、 skill and communicative skills;3）grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich theirvocabulary;4）read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions andgrammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their readingcomprehension;5）d

3、o some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what theyhave got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;6）translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressionslearned in the reading passages to acquire some translating ski

4、lls and better theirtranslating abilities.L Useful InformationIn order to understand the world around them,virtually all early culturesdeveloped myths that explained various aspects of life and mysteries of nature.Animals,plants and people-both imaginary and real-were often attributedwith special po

5、wers that gave them a spiritual significance.In ancient China,for example,the phoenix（凤 凰）,the dragon,the unicorn（独 角 兽）and the tortoisewere regarded as sacred creatures that symbolized various characteristicsincluding wisdom,longevity,indestructibility（不 可 毁 灭）and power.Theancient Greeks developed

6、a complex system of myths related to hundreds ofgods and goddesses that were said to control the fate of all men and women.Whether myths became part of an established religion or not,they were alwaysincorporated into stories that could be told and retold as captivatingexplanations of natural and sup

7、ernatural events.And as such they becamecultural treasures that educated and united people around common beliefs.Although the line between myth and legend is often blurred（变 得 模 糊），myths tend to focus on superhuman animals and gods,whereas legends glorifya hero or a great event and usually contain a

8、n element of truth.Like myths,legends became popular stories handed down from generation to generationIn all cultures,story-telling was a way of transmitting beliefs,customs,andmoral principles to people of all ages who cold neither read nor write.Story-telling was also an important form of entertai

9、nment at the level of thefamily and the village.With the advent（appearance/coming）of radio andtelevision,however,story-telling have all but disappeared.Instead of gatheringaround an individual capable of remembering all kinds of wonderful andamusing tales,people now prefer to sit in front of a TV se

10、t.It is mainly in their written form that we can still enjoy traditional myths,legends,fables and folktales.In reading stories from different cultures,we candiscover some of the universal（普 遍 的）characteristics of humankind.Thetrickster（骗 子，恶 作 剧 的 精 灵）,for instance,is a clever,deceitful and greedyin

11、dividual who inspires admiration but who must be taught a lesson.In some cultures he appears as a monkey,in others a tortoise or a raven（渡鸦）。Or,to take another example,folktales from all over the world haveshown that the kindest and most compassionate（结 伴 的，同 伴 的）person is notnecessarily beautiful.I

12、rrespective（不 考 虑，不 问 的，不 顾 的）of their origin,traditional stories often present universal truths in a simple but eloquent（有 说 服 力 的）way.Chinese FablesThree at Dusk and Four at DawnIn the state of Song there was a man who was very fond of monkeys andkept a large number of them.He could understand the

13、 monkeys and they couldunderstand him.In order to satisfy the monkeys9 demands,he reduced the foodconsumption of his family.After a while his family did not have enough to eat,so he wanted to limitthe food for monkeys.But he was afraid the monkeys would not submit to him.Sohe played a trick on them.

14、“If I give you three chestnuts in the morning and four in the evening,wouldthat be enough?hw asked the monkeys.All the monkeys rose up in great anger.After a short time he said,“If I give four chestnuts in the morning and threein the evening,would that be enough?All the monkeys lay on the floor,happ

15、y and satisfied with this proposal.His Spear against His ShieldIn the state of Chu there was a man who had a spear and a shield for sale.Hewas loud in praises of his shield.“My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.”He also sang praises of his spear.“My spear is so strong that it ca

16、n pierce through anything/9“What would happen,“he was asked,if your spear is used to pierce your shield?”He was unable to give an answer.It is impossible for an impenetrable（刺 不 穿 的）shield to coexist with a spearthat finds nothing impenetrable.IL Passage-Reading Activities1.Finishing reading the pas

17、sage within 16 minutes,and point out the mainidea of the passage.2.Filling the blanks in the reading comprehension exercises.3.Language Points1）to prepare sb./oneself to do sth./for sth.:to accustom sb./oneself to some newidea,event or conditionPrepare yourself for a shock.He prepared himself to acc

18、ept defeat.to prepare for:get or make ready/to put sth.in a condition ready for use or for apurposePlease prepare the table for dinner.Will you help me prepare for the party?to be prepared to do sth./for sth.:to be willing to doHow much are you prepared to pay?They are prepared for the worst.2）to es

19、cape（ones notice）:to be unnoticed or forgotten byHow they escape our notice I cannot say?He is very observant（善 于 观 察 的，留 心 的）;nothing escapes his notice.I am afraid your name escapes me.to escape sth/doing:avoid(a sated evil)He narrowly(only just)escaped death/punishment.There is no way to escape d

20、oing the work.By taking back way he escaped being seen.3)At the(very/mere)thought(of sth):on thinking;just thinking about sth 想 至！J.时；只 要 一 想 起 就,、e.g.Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him again.At the thought of seeing you again,I was delighted.The very thought of strawb

21、erries and cream makes my mouth water.on second thoughts:after further consideration 经 过 再 三 思 考 On second thoughts he decided to stay in England.On second thoughts I am inclined to agree with you.to give(a)thought to sth.:to think about before deciding 思 考，想 过 Give the matter careful thought.Too li

22、ttle thought has been given to his difficult problem.(to be)in deep thought/deep in thought 在 沉 思 中，沉 思 着 He sat there,deep in thought.He was deep in thought/in deep thought.He walked slowly back towards the site in deep thought.4)Well-meaning:well-intentioned 善 意 的，好 心 的 A well-meaning but tactless

23、 person 好 心 而 不 善 应 付 之 人 well-advised 深 思 熟 虑 的 well-bred有 教 养 的 well-founded or well-grounded 有 充 分 理 山 的 well-informed博 学 的，见 识 广 的 well-known5)to make trouble fore.g.She is always making trouble for her friends.to ask/look for troubleWhat made you write such a letter?It was asking trouble.to be

24、in trouble:to be in difficultyto get into troubleto get sb.into trouble to take trouble over在 下 功 夫；做 出 努 力 Ybu should take trouble over your work.to take trouble to do s th.薪 心 做 Please take trouble to read the contract thoroughly.to have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.to fish in troubled water 浑

25、水 摸 鱼 They love to fish in troubled water.to trouble one head about 为.烦 心 Mary never trouble her head about these things.to trouble oneself about为 费 事，为 担 心 They ceased to trouble themselves about him.Why should I trouble myself about him?troublemaker n.troublesome adj.:causing trouble or anxiety;an

26、noying;difficult to handleI am afraid I am asking you a number of troublesome questions.Being short of money is a bit troublesome but well do what we can.Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.6)to rest assured:to be certain 请 放 心 I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you.He assured

27、us of his ability to work.to rest on/upon:depend on;be based on 依 靠，寄 托 在 One thing rests on another if it depends on it.My whole argument rests on the fact that she never intended to do it.His fame rests on his plays more than his novels.Our hopes rest on you.to rest on/upon:to lean on;be supported

28、 by Her hands rested lightly upon his shoulder.The bridge rests on stone aches.to rest on:(of sight or the eyes)to be directed on;fall on His eyes rested on the peaceful valley below.to rest with:to be the responsibility of 由 决 定，得 靠 The choice rests with you.It rests with you to make the decision.T

29、he fate of these prisoners rests with judge.7)to speak for:to express the thoughts,opinions etc.of a power group with no one to speak for them What others think I dont know;I can only speak for myself.You speak for other people when you express their opinion for them.to speak for:to be a witness of;

30、say things about;give idea of 替/给.讲 话，讲 话 表 示 赞 成 I hope you will speak for him.I should like to speak for the boy before you punish him.to speak for itself/themselves:to need no further explanation 本 身 就 说 明 问 题 Something speaks itself if it has an obvious meaning or significance and doesnt needto

31、be explained.There is no need for me to commend his action:it speaks for itself.Look at the facts and decide:they speak for themselves.I hardly need to tell you what has happened;the circumstances speak for themselves.8)to fill out:to get fatterThe thin child gradually filled out as he grew older.Hi

32、s face is beginning to fill out.to fill out:(Ame E):to fill inThe policeman filled out a report of the accident.After Tom passed his driving test he filled out an application for his drivers license.9)to choose to do:to decide to do 偏 要,决 比 He chose not to go home until later.You choose to do someth

33、ing when you decide to do it.If you choose to ignore my warning,Im afraid I cant be responsible for theconsequences.He chose to become a doctor.You can make it very difficult for me to speak to you if you choose to misunderstandme.Its not my business;how she chooses to live.cannot(choose/help)but do

34、:must do I cannot(help/choose)but admit the truth of your remarks,although they are goagainst my interests.We could not but weep at the bad news.He cannot choose but obey.There is little(not much/nothing)to choose between:they are very much alike.大 家/两 者 不 相 上 下 When you say that there is nothing to

35、 choose between two or more things you meanthat it is difficult to decide which is better because they are about the same.Frank and Juliet are both highly suitable candidates;in fact,there is not much tochoose between them.10)on an empty stomachon a full stomachNobody can work on an empty stomach.It

36、 is difficult to run quickly on a full stomach.to have the stomach for sth.If you say you have the stomach for something unpleasant,you mean you haveenough courage or determination to do or face it.to have no stomach for 不 喜 欢，不 赞 成 I have no stomach for the violent movies.I have no stomach for the

37、heavy food.III.Post-Reading Activities1.Finding the Best SummaryEkwefi is telling a story about Tortoise.Long long ago,there was a famine,and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there.Tortoiselearned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take himwith the

38、m and so each bird lent him a feather.Tortoise cunningly thought of anidea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself“All of you”.When they reached the sky,they received a warm welcome and soon the foodwas presented to them.Then he asked one of the people in the sky,“For whomhave you pr

39、epared all this feast?”The man replied For all of you.So he atealmost all the best food.The birds became very angry and took back theirfeathers before flying home.Without feathers,he had to jump onto the groundand his shell was broken into pieces.2.QuestionsDo you admire Tortoise for his cleverness

40、or do you sympathize with all thebirds?I dont admire Tortoises cleverness.He was unwise to cheat all the birds.After his mischief(伤 害),how could he have face to live together with themany longer?He would have no friends at all.He was clever,but at the sametime he was also stupid.When all the birds b

41、ecame so angry,how could hehave trusted Parrot?He should have jumped the sea to avoid being hurt.I sympathize with the birds.They took Tortoise out of kindness,but afterflying such a long distance,they had to fly back home on an empty stomach.They were formally invited,but the food was eaten by Tort

42、oise.I think thebirds were very unlucky.What do you think is the moral of the story?I learned from the story thatA)we should be honest,and shouldnt cheat others.If we cheat others,we willbe punished in the end;B)we shouldnt be carried away by sweet words,like the birds;C）a leopard cant change its sp

43、ots,nor can Tortoise.He was cunning,he couldnever change his personality and behave himself.What is the moral of“Beauty and the Beast?”A.Virtue will be rewarded.For example,Beauty is a kind-hearted andpious（孝 顺 的）girl.She loves her father,and she is willing to sacrifice herselffor the father.Finally

44、 she is rewarded with a happy marriage.On the otherhand,the evil sisters are punished by the fairy（小 妖 精,仙 女）.They become twostatues but have to observe Beautys happiness painfully.B.-A good heart is more important than appearance.Although the Beast isvery ugly,he loves Beauty and has a kind heart.I

45、n the end he wins the heart ofBeauty and the spell（咒 语）is broken by Beautys love.What is the moral of The Monkey King”?A.Nothing can be gained without any effort or hardship.If you want tosucceed or make achievements,you have to face and overcome difficulties,oreven great dangers.Tangseng,Monkey and

46、 others had gone through eightyone great dangers or hardships before they obtained the authentic（可 靠 的，可 信 的，权 威 的）version of the Buddhas teachings.B.-A persons strength,skills and judgments are the guarantee of success.Without Monkey King,Tangseng couldnt have fetched the Buddhasteachings.Unlike Ta

47、ngseng other followers,Monkey developed hismartial（元 帅）arts and skills and became so strong that almost no one coulddefeat him.IV.Further Development1.List as many connectorsTime and place:after,before,during,later on,meanwhile,next,first,second,earlier,immediately,soon,still,when,while,as,where,the

48、nComparison and contrast:as.as,similarly,likewise,but,not so.as,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,rather thanAddition:and,in addition to,furthermore,moreover,too,alsoCause and effect:because（of）,due to（the fact that）,as a result,therefore,accordingly（因 此，从 而）,so,consequently（因 而，所 以）,thu

49、s,hence,since,as,owing toPurpose:so that,in order to/that,so as toCondition and concession:if,despite,although,though,even though,in spite of,however,nevertheless,nonetheless（二 nevertheless）,yet,all the sameSummary and restatement:in short,in a word,in brief,in conclusion,on the whole,generally,alto

50、gether,in all,in the final analysis,in other words,finallyOthers:not only.but also,either.or,neither.nor,so.that,such.that,so as.to2.WritingYou have talked much about myths,legends and stories in this unit.Now write acomposition,which can he a myth,a legend or a story.Remember to use connectorsand g