Before用法小结与考点解读.pdf

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1、Before用法小结与考点解读Before用作连词时，意思是 在之前”。其实，它引导状语从句时，在不同的句式中以及汉英表达习惯的不同，before含有不同的含义和用法。从历年的高考试题可以看出，before是高考考查的热点词汇之一。为了帮助大家掌握，现就对它的用法归纳如下：一、表 示“在之后才”。副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.（2005广东）A.after B.befo

2、re C.when D.then解析：答案为B。本题考查连词before表 示“在之后才”之的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选Bo二、表 示“还没来得及就”。目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?（2006 四川卷）一 He rushed out of the room I could say a word.A.before B.until C.when D.after解析：答案为A。本题考查连词before表 示“还没来得及就”的用法。句 意 是“我还没来得

3、及说一句话，他就冲出了房间”。三、表 示“在之前就”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.（2004 天津）A.that B.until C.since D.before解析：答案为D。本题考查连词before表 示“在之前就”的用法。句 意 是“我们到达小镇Winchester之前就已经是傍晚时分了”。四、表 示“趁”，等到”，或 没 等 就”等。He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation it

4、got worse.（2003北京）A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as解析：答案为C。由made a mistake和转折词but可知本题句意是“他出了差错，但没等其进一步恶化，他就调整了局势”。故正确答案为C 项。五、用于句型“It+will/would be+时间段+before.”句型中，表 示“要过多久才”，也可用于“It+maybe+时间段+before.”,表 示“也许要过多久才.”。其否定形式“It will/would not be+时间段+before”表示“不久就，过不了多久就”。(1)The field research will take John an

5、d Paul about five months;it will be a long time we meet them again.(2007 安徽卷)A.after B.before C.since D.when(2)一How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spacesship tothe moon?(2006 福建卷)-Perhaps two or three years.A.when B.until C.that D.before(3)It long before we the result of the exper

6、iment 上海春招 2002)A.will not be.will know B.is.will knowC.will not be.know D.is.know(4)Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004 福建)A.since B.after C.before D.when解析:答案为BD CC。考 题(1)(2)before用于肯定的“It+will be+时间段+before.句型中，表 示“要过多久才”。考 题(3)b

7、efore在本题中用于否定句，意为“过不了多久就会”，再由状语从句要用一般现在时态替一般将来时的用法可知C 项为正确答案，句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。考 题(4)宾语从句中含有句型“It+may be+时间段+b e f o r e.，表 示“也许要过多久才”，故选择答案C。六、用于句型“it was+时间段+before.”表示“过了(多长时间)才其否定形式“it was not+时间段+before 意为 不久就”“没过(多长时间)就”。It was some time we realized the truth.(2005 山东)A.whenB.untilC.sinceD

8、.before解析：答案为D。before用于句型“it was+时间段+before 表示 过了（多长时间）才该题题意是“过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相”。故正确答案为C 项。七、和 hardly连用，表示“刚一就”。该结构主句常用过去完成时，当hardly位于句首时，要用倒装语序，例如：I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.Hardly had I sat down before the telephone rang.我刚一坐下电话就响了。八、和其它相似句型的区别有时候before引导的时间状语从句与since,when引导的时

9、间状语从句在下列结构中较相似，容易混淆。“1166+时间段+4联引导的时间状语从句”表 示“自从已经有多长时间了”。主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。“1166+时间点+亚111引导的时间状语从句”表 示“某个动作发生时，是某个时间”。主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时，也可以是一般将来时。（1）It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.（2005 北京春）A.before B.since C.after D.when（2）一 D id Jack come back early last night?（2005 福建）一 Yes.It w

10、as not yet eight o clock he arrived home.A.before B.when C.that D.until解析：答案为BB。考 题（1）考查的是“It be+时间段+since引导的时间状语从句”结构，句意是“自从上次我们见面以来已经近五年没有见了”，故选择答案B。考 题（2）考查的是句型“Itbe+时间点+when引导的时间状语从句”，句意是“他昨晚回家时还不到8 点”，故选择答案B。九、before long 和 long before 的区另Ubefore long意为“不久，很快”（其中before是介词，long是名词），常在句中作状语，多与动词的

11、过去时或将来时连用。例如：The work will be finished before long.工作不久就会完成。Before long he had to move on again.不久，他被迫再次迁移。long before意为“很久以前”(其中long是副词。long before单独使用时，before是介词；long before后接从句时，before是连词。)这个词组常与过去时或过去完成时连用，跟从句时也可用在一般现在时的句子中。例如：She said that she had heard of it long before.她说她早就听说过此事。It will be l

12、ong before he arrives.还要等很久他才能到达。巩固练习一、选词填空1.before long/long before(1)he went to America.(2)I hope to see you.(3)She said she had read the novel.(4)I had not waited she came.(5)It was not he got to know it.2.before/since/when(1)It was four Oclock they arrived at the town.(2)It has been 3 years his

13、brother went abroad for further study.(3)It will be more than a week his mother recovers from the disease.二、翻译下列句子1.不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。2.他叔叔五年后才能回来。3.不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。4.他们不久就会互相了解的。5.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。6.我没等多久她就来了。7.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。8.不久他就学会使用计算机了。9.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。10.不久之后我们还会再见面的。11.大火烧了近四个小时，消防战士才把它控制住

14、。12.不久你就会对你的所作所为感到后悔的。13.他刚一开口发言，就被其他人打断了。14.不久他就知道了三、单句改错1.It was some time since they realized the importance os studies.2.It was at midnight when her husband came back home last night.3.It was about five hours when the workers shipped all the goods.4.We will finish the work long before.5.It will

15、be half a year before his brother will graduate from that college.6.1 had known her before long.四、单项选择1.一Why didn*t you tell him about the meeting?一 He rushed out of the r oom I could say a word.A.before B.until C.when D.after2.How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to themo

16、on?一Perhaps two or three years.A.when B.until C.that D.before3.He was told that it would be at least three more months_he could recover and return to work.A.when B.before C.since D.that4.Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing.A.as B.before C.since D.when5.Scientists say it may

17、 be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.after C.before D.when6.The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.A.after B.before C.when D.then7.That was really a splendid evening.IVs years I enjoyed myself so much.A.when B.that C.before

18、 D.since8.It was some time we realized the truth.A.when B.until C.since D.before9.He was told that it would be at least three more months_he could recover and return to work.A.whenB.before C.since D.that10.一Wheres that report?一I brought it to you you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.A.if B.when C.

19、because D.beforeKeys:一、选词填空1.(1)Before long(2)before long(3)long before(4)long before(5)long before2.(1)when(2)since(3)before二、翻译下列句子1.She had stormed out of the room before I could say a word2.It will be five years before his uncle comes back.3.It was not long before the enemy was driven out of the

20、ir country.4.It wont be long before they understand each other.5.They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.6.1 had not waited long before she came.7.It will be a long time before we finish the task.8.It wasn9t long before he learned to use the computer.9.It was some time before h

21、e told me about this affair.10.It wont be long before we meet again.11.The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it12.It wont be long before you feel sorry for what you have done.13.He had hardly begun to speak before the others interrupted him.或 Had he begun to speak be

22、fore the others interrupted him.14.It was not long before he got to know it.三、单句改错1.since 改为 before 或 was 改为 is2.when改为that或去掉at3.when 改为 before4.long before 改为 before long5.will graduate 改为 graduates.6.before long 改为 long before四、单项选择1-5 A B B B C 6-1 0 B D D B Bbefore的用法27 The most destructive nat

23、ural disaster,tsunami,cameunexpectedly they will always live in peace andcomfort.A after B while C where D whenbefore的用法：(1)(时间)在之前,(位置)在的前面(2)才,(强调before引导的从句动作发生的很晚很迟),例如：He nearly knocked me down before he saw me.(3)还未来得及/不等就(强调主句动作发生在before引导的从句动作之前),例如：He went out before I had a chance to tell

24、him the good news.(4)不久 就,例如：It wont be long before you get well again.(5)宁愿也不，例如：He will die of hunger before he will steal.考例：(NMET 2000)Some one called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up I could answer the phone.A as B since C until D before（031匕 京）He made a mistake,but then he cor

25、rected thesituation it got worse.A until B when C before D as（04天津）It was evening we reached the litter town ofWinchester.A that B until C since D before（04 福建）Scientists say it may be five or six years it ispossible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B after C before D when（05 广东）The A

26、merican Civil War lasted four years theNorth won in the end.A after B before C when D then（03 江苏调研）-Why didnt you help the little boy?-Oh,sorry.He had struggled to his feet I ranover.A until B after C before D since（05 辽宁联考）He had to be called two or three times hewould come to his dinner.A before B

27、 when C until D as（苏锡常镇一）She was such a proud person that she woulddie she would admit she was wrong.A rather than B until C after D beforeIt has been announced that it wont be long ourcountry an unmanned spaceship to explore the moon.A before:sends UD B until;sends upC since;sends up D before;will

28、send up.宣威市第一人民医院压疮评估表科室 一 床 号 姓名_ 性别 年龄 住院号评估标准分值评估日期（日/月）感知能力完全受限对疼痛刺激无反应。1非常受限对疼痛刺激有反应，但不能用语言表达，只能用呻吟、烦躁不安表示。2轻度受限对指令性语言有反应，但不能总是用语言表达不适，或部分肢体感受疼痛能力或不适能力受损。3未受限对指令性语言有反应，无感觉受损。4潮湿度持续潮湿每次移动或翻动病人时总是看到皮肤被分泌物、尿液渍湿。1非常潮湿床单由于频繁受潮至少每班更换一次。2偶尔潮湿皮肤偶尔潮湿，床单约每日更换一次。3很少潮湿皮肤通常是干的，床单按常规时间更换。4活动能力卧床不起被限制在床上。1能坐轮

29、椅不能步行活动，必须借助椅子或轮椅活动。2扶助行走白天偶尔步行，但距离非常短。3活动自如能自主活动，经常步行。4移动能力完全受限病人在他人帮助下方能改变体位。1重度受限偶尔能轻微改变身体或四肢的位置，但不能独立改变体位.2轻度受限只是轻微改变身体或四肢位置，可经常移动且独立进行。3不受限可独立进行随意体位的改变。4营养摄取能力非常差从未吃过完整一餐，或禁食和（或）进无渣流质饮食。1可能不足每餐很少吃完，偶尔加餐或少量流质饮食或管饲饮食。2充足每餐大部分能吃完，但会常常加餐；不能经“进食病人能通过鼻饲或静脉营养补充大部分营养需求。3良好三餐基本正常。4摩擦力剪切力有问题需要协助才能移动病人，移动

30、病人时皮肤与床单表面没有完全托起，病人坐床上或椅子上经常会向下滑动。1有潜在问题很费力地移动病人，大部分时间能保持良好的体位，偶尔有向下滑动。2无明显问题在床上或椅子里能够独立移动，并保持良好的体位。3总得分评估者家属签名备注：评分W9分为极高危，需每天评估；1 0-1 2 分为高危，需隔日评估；1 3-1 4 分为中度高危，需每周评估二次;1 5-1 8 分为低度高危，需每周评估一次。（评估均由责任护士完成）.Bradon压疮风险评估量表】项目评分感知机体对压力所引起不适感的反应能力1完全受限对疼痛刺激没有反应（没有呻吟、退缩或紧握）或者绝大部分机体对疼痛的感觉受限。2大部分受限只对疼痛刺激

31、有反应，能通过呻吟、烦躁的方式表达机体不适。或者机体一半以上的部位对疼痛或不适感感觉障碍。3轻度受限对其讲话有反应，但不是所有时间都能用语言表达不适感。或者机体的一到两个肢体对疼痛或不适感感觉障碍。4没有改变对其讲话有反应，机体没有对疼痛或不适的感觉缺失。潮湿皮肤处于潮湿状态的程度1持久潮湿由于出汗、小便等原因皮肤一直处于潮湿状态，每当移动患者或给患者翻身时就可发现患者皮肤是湿的。2经常潮湿皮肤经常但不总是处于潮湿状态，床单每天至少换一次。3偶尔潮湿每天大概需要额外换一次床单。4很少潮湿皮肤通常是干的，只需按常规换床单即可。活动能力躯体活动的能力1卧床不起限制在床上。2局限于轮椅活动行动能力严

32、重受限或者没有行走能力。3可偶尔步行白天在帮助或无需帮助的情况下偶尔可以走一段路。每天大部分时间在床上或者椅子上度过。4经常步行每天至少2次室外行走，白天醒着的时候至少每2 h行走一次。移动能力改变/控制躯体位置的能力1完全受限没有帮助的情况下不能完成轻微的躯体或者四肢的位置变动。2严重受限偶尔能轻微地移动躯体或四肢，但不能独立完成经常的或显著的躯体位置变动。3轻度受限能经常独立地改变躯体或四肢的位置，但变动幅度不大。4不受限独立完成经常性的大幅度体位改变。Braden S cale总分23分，1518分为低危；1314分为中危；1012分为高危；W9分为极高危营养平常的食物摄入模式1重度营养

33、摄入不足从来不能吃完一餐饭，很少能摄入所给食 物 量 的 1/3o 每天能摄入2 份或以下的蛋 白 量（肉或者乳制品），很少摄入液体，没有摄入流质饮食。或者禁食和/或清流摄入或静脉输入大于 5do2 营养摄入不足很少能吃完一餐饭，通常只能摄入所给食物 的 l/2 o 每天蛋白摄入量是3 份肉或乳制品。偶尔能摄入规定食物量。或者可摄入略低于理想量的流质或者管饲。3 营养摄入适当可摄入供给量的一半以上。每天4份 蛋 白 量（肉或者乳制品），偶尔拒绝肉类，如果供给食物通常会吃掉。或者管饲 或 TPN能达到绝大部分的营养所需。4 营养摄入良好每餐能摄入绝大部分食物从来不拒绝食物，通常吃4 份或更多的肉和乳制品，两餐间偶尔进食。不需其他补充食物。摩擦和剪切力1有此问题移动时需要中到大量的帮助，不可能做到完全抬空而不碰到床单，在床上或椅子上时经常滑落。需要大力帮助下重现摆体位。痉挛、挛缩或躁动不安通常导致摩擦。2 有潜在问题躯体移动乏力，或者需要一些帮助，在移动过程中，皮肤在一定程度上会碰到床单、椅子、约束带或者其他设施。在床上或椅子上可保持相对好的位置，偶尔会滑落下来。3 无明显问题能独立在床上或椅子上移动，并且有足够的肌肉力量在移动时完全抬空躯体。在床上和椅子上总是保持良好的位置。