阅读理解之说明文（一）原卷版-2021-2022年新高考英语模拟题分项汇编（第3期）.pdf

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1、专题01 阅读理解之说明文（一）1.（广东省珠海市第二中学202L2022学年高三月考）You can either travel or read,but either your body or soul must be on the way.The popular saying has inspiredmany people to read or go sightseeing.Traveling just like reading,is a refreshing journey from the busy world.Books,brain food,can keep you company

2、 on your travel.On the Road,1957,by Jack KerouacThe book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth.The main character in the book drives acrossthe US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico.After the exhausting and exciting trip,thecharacters in the book begin to

3、realize the meaning of life.The book can be a good partner with you to explore theUnited States.Life is Elsewhere,1975,by Milan KunderaJean-Jacques Rousseau once said,“Man is bom free,and everywhere he is in chains.The book tells a youngartists romantic but miserable life,about how he reads,dreams,a

4、nd has a relationship.Experience the artistspassionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe.The book invites you to deeply reflect on your currentlife.The Stories of Sahara,1967,by SanmaoThe book narrates the authors simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert,which seems a desolate

5、 anddull place.The fancy natural scenery and life there,along with the authors romantic and intensive emotion,willinspire you to explore the mysterious land.Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author,whois sincere and humorous.Lotus,2006 by AnnbabyThis novel set in Tibet,te

6、lls three peoples stories,each with their unique characteristics.It reveals modempeoples emotions and inner life,their confusion about love,and exploration of Buddhism.The book is a goodpartner to bring you to the sacred land Tibet.1.Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journe

7、y?A.On the Road.B.Life is Elsewhere.C.The Stories of Sahara.D.Lotus.2.Whose book could be the most suitable for your trip to Germany?A.Jack Kerouacs.B.Sanmaos.C.Annbabys.D.Milan Kunderas.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Lotus is a religious book exploring Tibetan Buddhist culture.B.On the road ad

8、vises a classic route for driving across the US.C.The stories of Sahara records its authors,own life in the desert.D.Life is Elsewhere demonstrates Jean-Jacques Rousseaus own life.2.（广东省珠海市第二中学2021-2022学年高三月考）Earths longest artificial structure is usually said to be the Great Wall of China while the

9、 second-longest is nota wall,but a fence.It stretches for 5,614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the countrys wild dogs,the dingoes（里 子 犬）,from hunting sheep.Australias dingo fence does not stand alone.Millions of kilometres of fences wrap the world.Some are intended to limit the m

10、ovement of animals,some the movement of people,and some merely to markthe boundary.Until recently,data on the effects of fences on wildlife have been inadequate.That has changed with thepublication of a report by Professor Alex Mclnturff.One discovery he has made is that more than half of publishedf

11、ence research focuses on just five countries America,Australia,Botswana,China and South Africa.A second isthat only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.Non-target species

12、,however,are often those that have their fortunes most greatly reshaped by the appearanceof poles and wire.Australian fences intended to keep out dingoes are also barriers to long-necked turtles,whichtravel great distances over land when moving between nesting sites.In Botswana fences built to spare

13、 cattle fromwildlife-borne disease result in serious interference with wildebeest（角马）migrations.Not every creature fares badly.Hawks（鹰）in Montana gladly sit on newly built livestock fences to hunt smallanimals,while fence-based spiders in South Africa outperform their tree-based cousins when it come

14、s to catchinginsects.Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out oflarge parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.Native rodents（啮齿类动物）have suffered asa result.Some have been brought to the edge of extinction.8.Which is

15、 a purpose of building fences?A.To expand the boundary of a country.B.To protect livestock like sheep and cattle.C.To stop wild animals from being hunted.D.To help people move around freely.9.What can we learn about the studies on fences?A.Data on the impact of fences have been proved.B.Previous res

16、earches were complete and systematic.C.About two-thirds of the studies focus on the target animals.D.Not all studies examined the effect of fences on wildlife.10.Which animals unexpectedly benefit from fences?A.Long-necked turtles in Australia.B.Cattle in Botswana.C.Tree-based spiders in South Afric

17、a.D.Red foxes in Australia.11.What is the writers attitude to the fences around the world?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Objective.D.Cautious.3.（广东省珠海市第二中学202L2022学年高三月考）Do you ever pull your phone out of your pocket,thinking it is vibrating（振动）,only to find that it isnt?This phenomenon,which scientis

18、ts call phantom（幻觉的）phone vibration”,is very common.Around 80%ofpeople surveyed say they have imagined their phones vibrating when they were actually still.So,what leads to this universal behavior?According to the BBC,the explanation lies in your brains ability todiscover signals from the outside wo

19、rld.When your phone is in your pocket,there are two possible states:It is either vibrating or not.Meanwhile,you also have two possible states of mind:the judgment that the phone is vibrating,or that it isnt.Ideally,youmatch the four states correctly.However,sometimes your brain decides that the cons

20、equences of missing a call aremore serious than a false alarm,.Therefore,you become more sensitive to vibrations so that you don*t missanything.This is just like the fire alarm in your homeit can be annoying when it goes off in response to just a tiny bitof smoke.But thats a small price to pay compa

21、red to a fire really breaking out because the alarm fails to alert you.Now,you might still ask,why cant our brains just make every judgment correctly without being too sensitive tofalse signals?The answer is that your brain bears a heavy burden every day.You get a large amount of sensoryinformation

22、thats coining from your eyes,ears and skin,and you cant deal with all that information all the time,“Michael Rothberg,a researcher at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield,US,told Live Science.For example,the rustling（沙沙声）of clothing or the growling（咕咕声 youre your stomach may both leadyour brain to

23、 believe that they come from the vibration of your phoneit is like trying to hear your name beingcalled in a noisy room.So,perhaps you should just check your phone whenever you think its vibrating,It isnt too much trouble to dothat,is it?12.According to this passage,phantom phone v i b r a t i o n.A

24、.is common among people with mental problemsB,happens when our brains react too sensitivelyC.can measure peoples ability to collect informationD.helps our brains to make decisions quickly and accurately13.Why did the author use the example of fire alarm in this passage?A.To help us understand the ca

25、use of phantom phone vibration better.B.To tell us the phone vibration usually happens when a fire breaks out.C.To show us the fire alarm is as sensitive as the phone vibration.D.To convince us ifs important to check our phones like checking a fire alarm.14.According to Michael Rothberg,which mainly

26、 accounts for phantom phone vibration?A.A lack of much attention.B.A noisy background.C.An overflow of sensory information.D.A heavy burden every day.15.What does the author suggest we do about phantom phone vibration?A.We should always fully believe our own sense of hearing.B.We should just check o

27、ur phones when we think theyYe vibrating.C.We should ignore the vibration bothering when our phones are actually still.D.We should think of the vibration carefully before we make correct judgments.4.（广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三质检）Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers awa

28、re of upcoming hazards（危险），scientists claim.The extremely fast mobile internet would allow for rapid information transmission and couldmake drivers aware of black ice,pot holes or other dangers up ahead.Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles,including as a tool to h

29、elp serve in thegeneration of sel-driving vehicles.Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University(GCU)believe the high-speed connection will also improve thereliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars beingdriven today.They predict the number

30、 of road traffic accidents,which according to the World Health Organizationaccount for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50million people injured worldwide every year,will dropdrastically(彻底地)as a result.Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis,a member of the research group,said,uTo have a better idea of what

31、the future willlook like,think of having such cars that not only use sensors to scan whats around them,they can also talk to eachother and exchange safety-related information about their surroundings over an area that covers several squaremiles.With the help of 5G,a vehicle-generated early warning s

32、ystem that reminds drivers is possible within thenext few years.Cars that are close enough to the danger area will transmit warning messages to other cars aroundthem using short-range communication technologies,but also to cars further away using 5G,fast and reliably.A few manufacturers are already

33、working on connected cars.Of them,Ford revealed its intention to fit 80percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents,bad weather andtraffic jams.12.What is the benefit of 5G mentioned in the text?A.It can improve the safety of automated vehicles.B.It c

34、an help drivers communicate with each other.C.It can effectively wipe out road traffic accidents.D.It can help make more profits for the manufacturers.13.What can we know about the vehicle-generated warning system?A.It can get information several miles ahead.B.It will frequently send messages to dri

35、vers.C.It has been proved extremely helpful for driving.D.It is under research and development at present.14.What will be probably continued with the text?A.Some safety rules when using 5G.B.Some car manufacturers.C.The sales information of cars with 5G.D.The advantages when using 5G15.Which of the

36、following is a suitable title for the text?A.5G on the Way to Making Dialogue Between CarsB.5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are DrivingC.5G Has Been Popular with Drivers Around the WorldD.5G Is to Bring Great Convenience to Our Daily Life5.（福建省宁化第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考）Beginning 2020,the fifth generati

37、on of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout theworld.The new network,called 5G,promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices.However,while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer,the environmentalinfluences

38、of the new network are being overlooked.There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful toecosystems.The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth*s ecosystems is the millimeter waves.The millimeter waves that are being used in develo

39、ping the 5G network have never been used at such scale（规模）before.Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.The millimeter waves,specifically,had a detrimental effect on birds.In a study,researchers observed that afterexposure to radiation from a cell tower for jus

40、t 530 minutes,the eggs of sparrows were disfigured.Thedisfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies（频率）is significant consideringthat the new 5G network will have a much higher density（浓度）of base stations（small cells）throughout areasneeding connection.The potent

41、ial dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live couldthreaten their populations survival.Additionally,it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees.Inthis study,beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim

42、 to colony collapse disorder（蜂群崩坏症候群）.Bees are an incredibly important part of the earths ecosystem.Around one-third of the food producedtoday is dependent on bees for pollination（授粉），making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is im

43、portant to understand,because all ecosystems ofthe earth are interconnected.If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.8.What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network?A.The lack of the density of base stations.B.The less matu

44、re devices and technologies.C.The lower capacity for the use of devices.D.The large amount of use of millimeter waves.9.Which of the following best explains the underlined word detrimental in Paragraph 3?A.Important.B.Unknown.C.Harmful.D.Potential.10.Why are bees important in the earths ecosystem?A.

45、They play a key role in food production.B.They can guide some pollinators to work.C.They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises.D.They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.11.What is the best title for the text?A.Should 5G Be Used in the Future?B.The Influence of 5G on EcosystemC.The Research

46、 on 5G Technologies D.How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G?6.（福建省三明市第二中学20212022学年高三月考）In many walks of life and in many situations,persuading people to.do what you want them to do is the key tosuccess.Researchers have looked into different aspects of persuasion and come up with some interesting resultswhic

47、h are surely helpful to us.One advertising copywriter came up with an approach to selling a product on a TV shopping channel viaphone sales.Instead of being instructed“Operators are waiting,please call now，viewers were told“If operatorsare busy,please call again”.The results were extraordinary.The a

48、d suggested operators werent-sitting aroundhoping.people would call.Instead there were so many people:wanting the product that people might have to waituntil they could get it.What role does choice have in persuading people to buy or get something?One study in a supermarket showedthe effect of choic

49、e.A particular supermarket displayed either 6 or 24 different kinds of jam.The large displayattracted more interest than the small one.But when the time came to purchase things;people who saw the largedisplay were one-tenth as likely to buy.If they do buy,they are less content with their selection,e

50、ven though theyhave made a good choice.A wider range of choices require more time and effort and lead to unreasonably highexpectations.Another aspect 6f persuasion concerns getting someone to change their mind:It*s hard to prove to someonethat a previous decision is wrong,and as people get older the