2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题03任务型阅读专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（原卷版）.pdf

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1、任务型阅读专项突破 知识点1 任务型阅读概况综观近年全国各地的中考试题，”任务型阅读”考查的题型主要有：阅读简答题、阅读填表题，总体上看，它由两部分构成：短文和阅读任务。知识点2 阅读填表式任务型阅读的题型分类1.信息查找，直接获取答案型解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。例题例 1：原文：Some psychologists（心理学家）think that your taste in music is related to（有联系的）your personality.题 目：Your in mu

2、sic is related to your personality.例 2：原文：Music tells us who we are.Music reflects the creators thinking and values,as well as the social environmentit came from.题 目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses peoples thinking and例 3：原文：Be active and have a.positiv

3、e attitude（积极的态度）towards life.Develop confidence in yourself.题 目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself.例 4：原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate（准确的）by changing abbreviations into wholewords,symbols into words,and shortened sentences in

4、to longer sentences.Use them to answer your questions.Ifnecessary,ask your teacher for help.题 目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to your questions.例 5：原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state drivers exam,they can begin drivingthemselves to school.题 目：They

5、can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests.例 6：原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives（动机L）only to be disappointed by the result.题 目：Remembering your motives,not your2.信息转换，间接获取【答案】型此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终【答案】，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确【

6、答案】。常见的转换方式：1）词性转换名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；在初中范围内，常见的词性转换为：A）名词变为形容词：加y:直接加 y:health-healthy;frost-frosty;rain-rainy;difficultdifficulty;双写为字母加y:sunsunny;fog-foggy;去 e 力 口 y:noise-noisy加ful或者less:hope-hopeful/hopeless;meaning-meaningful/meaningless;wonder-wonderful;cheer-cheerful;colour-colouful;cheer-ch

7、eerful;success-successful;endendless;B）形容词变为副词：直接加 ly:carefulcarefully;beautiful-beautifully;badbadly;excitedexcitedly;以 y 结尾将 y 变为 ily:angry-angrily;heavy-一 heavily;noisy-一 noisily;happy-happily;以 le 结尾将 le 变为 ly:comfortable 一 comfortably;possible-possibly;simple-simply;去 e 加 ly:true-truly.C）动词/形容词

8、变为名词：加 ment:agreeagreement;treat-treatment;advertise-advertisement;punish-punishment;improve-improvement;develop-development;加 ion:collect-collection;donate-donation;educate-education;organize-organization;invent-invention;力 口 ness:rich-richness;kind-kindness;ill-illness;ugly-ugliness;sick-sickness;

9、sad sadnessD）动词变为形容词：力 ed/ing:surprise-surprising/surprised;excite-exciting/excited;tire-tiring/tired;please-pleasing（pleasant）/pleased;例题例 1：原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters.Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters payattention to them.But in France some bread and water

10、 will come first,then the waiters will take your orderaccording to the rhythm（节奏）of the restaurant.Have enough patience（耐心）！题 目：Englishmen cant be enough for meals while Frenchmen can.例 2：原文：Most teens dont know what their moms favorite is.You do?Then,what are you waiting for?Buy hersomething she li

11、kes and wrap it carefully.The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night.Put it onthe drawer next to her so that when she wakes up shell be surprised to see it.题 目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a.例 3：原文：As long as you have studied well,you will be more confident of you

12、r chance to succeed in a test.题 目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test.例 4：原文：Self-respect is a very important part of a great life.题 目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great to a great life.例 5:原文：If we look for good qualities in other people,it is easier to remember the good qualiti

13、es in ourselves.题 目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more.例 6：原文：Why do we need sleep?Nobody has yet can gjve a correct answer to this question.However,tests haveshown that lack（缺少）of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature,great wei

14、ght lossand finally,sickness.题 目：Why do we need sleep?Nobody can answer the q u e s t i o n.2）词意转换词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；初中范围内（牛津教材）出现的：A）在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：一般情况下，在形容词前加un:e.g.:necessary-unnecessary;welcome-unwelcome;comfortable-uncomfortable;几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in;ir;im;dis等：e.g.:力 口 in-:active-一 inacti

15、ve;correct-incorrect;加 ir-:regular-irregular;力 im-:possible一 impossible;patient-impatient;polite-impolite;力 口 dis-:honest-dishonest;B）常见的反义词：cheap-expensive;long-short;same-different;hot-cold;happy-sad;fast-slow;easy-difficult;generous 一 selfish;modest-proud;strong 一 weak;hardworking-lazy;clever-sil

16、ly;remember-forget.C）常见的同义词：happiness=joy;strong=powerful;sad=unhappy;afraid=worried;energetic=lively;calm=relaxed;influence=affect;know=realize;need=require;hope=wish 例题例 1：原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.题 目：to understand new information.例 2：原文：It is said t

17、hat you wont want to visit any other mountain after seeing wu（五岳）but you wont wish to seeeven wu yue after you come back from it.题目：It is said that yO nU wont to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you wont wish to see even wuyue after from it.例 3：原文：Be sure to remember the following sa

18、fety tips.题 目：Don t _ the safety tips if you find yourself in the path of a hurricane.例 4：原文：If your mind is full of problems in the past,you will always feel ashamed and sad.题 目：Dont let your mind filled the mistakes in the past例 5:原文：It isn,t right to feel better by putting others down.题目：It is to

19、 feel better by putting others down.3)句子结构转换语法匹配(t。,-ing,-ed,主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。例题：例 1：原文：In classroom,your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying.The information they provide will beimportant for you to know when you take tests.So you must be able to take good w

20、ritten notes from what yourteachers say.题目：Thq information that is by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests,so it isnecessary for you to learn take good notes.例 2：原文：Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them.题目：Do something to attract

21、 the attention例 3：原文：Students must spend a lot of time learning another language.题目：It Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign language.3.信息归纳题，综合概括获【答案】根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性(在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性(量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒 目 性(简 洁)。常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：原因：cause(s)/reason(s)结果/结论：result(s)/conclusio

22、n(s)目 的：purpose/aim建议提示：advice/suggestion(s)/tip(s)问题：problem(s)/trouble方式方法：method(s)/means/way(s)/manner/solution(s)措施行动：measure/action特性，特点：characteristics/feature好处/坏处：advantage(s)/disadvantage(s)主题：theme(s)/topic(s)/subject(s)数字/数据:data/figure(s)种类：type(s)/kind(s)/形势/情形：situation(s)/condition(s

23、)/case(s)重要性/意义：importance(s)/meaning(s)例题：例 1：原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep.First,you should have regular sleephabits.Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day.You also need to make your bedroom a cool,dark,quiet place to sleep so that hea

24、t,light and noise do not disturb you.At night,you should also avoid things thatcontain caffeine,such as chocolate,coffee,tea and many soft drinks,as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.题 目：The title:to improve sleep quality:Have regular sleep habitsMake your bedroom cool,dark and quietDont drink any

25、thing with caffeine at bedtime例 2：原文：Nowadays in school life,a lot of students develop a fear of tests.Its not because tests are something to beafraid of.Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they dont have enough self-confidence and they dontalways think they are well prepared.If you fol

26、low the tips below,it5s not difficult to overcome(克月 艮)your fear oftests.题 目：Title:to overcome your fear of tests例 3：题目：Statistics（统计）about school kids not having breakfastReasons-They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes.-They can?t listen carefully in class

27、.They feel sleepy all day.Suggestions-The morning meal is necessary,for it provides much energy.例 4：原文：Music provides a kind of ability to know the world in a different way.Science explains how the sun rises andsets.Music explores the emotive meanings.We need every possible way to discover and respo

28、nse to our worldbecause no one way can get it all.题目：A way to know the world:We cant discover and respond to our world in just one way.Science explains how n a t u r e.例 5：原文：Music is a form of thought,as powerful as science.It is a way we human beings talk to each other.Through the language we expr

29、ess our feelings,our discoveries,our ideas,our imagination and our hopes so thatthey can be shared with others.When we do not let our children receive good music education,we take away fromthem the meanings that music expresses.Science does not tell us what it means to be human.Music does.题目：Music,f

30、rom science,tells us what it means to be human.近三年九年级上期末任务型汇编年份/区域主题文章类型2017-2018 玄武A new invention-the Plant Lamp科技说明文2017-2018 鼓楼Negative Thoughts议论文2016-2017 玄武How to develop respect for yourself议论文2016-2017 鼓楼A Fathers Letter to his Child信件2015-2016 玄武The World is Getting Smaller议论文2015-2016 鼓楼K

31、obe-One of the Best Basketball Players人物传记2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa,a small village inPeru,South America.However,things went worse in March 2017 after heavy rains destroyed the only powercables in the area.The v

32、illagers were forced to use oil lamps,which are not only expensive but also dangerousbecause of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily,researchers at the University of Technology(UT)in Lima,Peru heard about their problem and founda wonderful solution.They made a lamp that can be powered by plants an

33、d soil,both of which can be easily foundin the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies.The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden boxand uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible,the science behind the idea is quite simple.As plantscreate

34、their food(using the suns energy,water and chemicals from the soil),they also produce waste which theyreturn to the soil.Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons(电子).The UT team put specialsticks inside the soil to get the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later

35、 use.The researchers say a singlecharge(电荷)can power a 50-wall LED light for two hours-enough time for local villagers to get their eveningwork done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2017.So far,they havebeen a huge success!Elmer Ramirez,the UT professo

36、r who invented the lamp,believes the Plant Lamp could helpimprove the lives of many people,especially small rainforest communities,42%of whom have no electricity.A new invention the Plant LampThe problem inthe smallvillageThe people living in Nuevo Saposoa always have much _56_getting electricity.Ho

37、wever things went_57_for the only powercables there was destroyed by heavy rains.The villagers had to use oillamps,_58_they are expensive to use and can be bad for health.The _59_to solve theproblemSome researchers made a new kind of lamp.It can be powered by_60_objects found in the rainforest plant

38、s and soil.The lamp takes_61_from a plant growing in a wooden box anduses it light up an LED light bulb.The scienceexplanationPlants create their food and produce waste which is_62_to the soil atthe same time.Some tiny animals feed on the waste and produce electrons.The UT team can get the energy an

39、d keep it in the lamps batteries.Theresearchers say a 50-walt LED light can be powered by a single charge forlocal villagers to_63_their evening work.ConclusionTen Plant Lamps were given to the villagers and they have been very_64_ since then.Elmer Ramirez,the inventor of the lamp,_65_that Plant Lam

40、p could help improve the lives of many people.2017-2018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】In our daily life many people always have negative（消极的）thoughts.Being in a negative space is harmful toour life and study.If you keep them in mind,you will lose hope sooner or later.Lets drive away some of the mostcommon negativ

41、e thoughts.No one cares about me.Sometimes you say that your family and friends dont care about you.Maybe youre being too negative andmisunderstand the gestures of love they show you.They dont even have to be big gestures,but there are manycountless little things they do for you.Maybe you just pay n

42、o attention to them and take them as granted.Perhapsyou think they dont care about you so you dont make any effort in your relationships.Start showing people youcare,so they can show you back in the same way.And if you dont have good relationships with the people youknow,whats stopping you from maki

43、ng new friends?Why is she better off?Comparing yourself to someone else is never positive.Theres always going to be someone who is younger,prettier,smarter,or richer than you.If you keep admiring what someone else has,then this may cause you to losethe balance in your mind,which will open a whole ot

44、her negative can of worms.Remember,what they dont haveis your whole package.Be proud of what you have,because if you want to play the comparison game,rememberthat there are people who are also worse off than you are.ril never reach my goal.If you think youre not going to be able to“get there”,think

45、again.There are many people who are worse offand have overcome more difficulty than what you are facing.Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a positive attitude.Title:76 thoughtsHarm Being in a negative space does 77 to our life and study.78 them in mind will make you lo

46、se hope sooner or later.Aspects ofnegativethoughts No one 79 about me.You are too negative to 80 the gestures of love your family andfriends show you.Why is she better off?Keeping admiring what someone else may cause the 81 of thebalance in your mind.ril never reach my goal.82 ondriving awaythe nega

47、tivethoughts Make an effort in your relationships and start showing people you care,sothey can show you back in the same way.And if you dont get 83well with the people you know,whats stopping you from making newfriends?Be 84 of what you have,because if you want to play thecomparison game,remember th

48、at there are people who are also worseoff than you are.Conclusion Everything is 85 your reach as long as you work hard and have apositive attitude.2016-2017学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】Self-respect is a very important pail of a great life.Self-respect is a feeling of being happy about onescharacters,abilities a

49、nd beliefs.If we are short of self-respect,we will be unsafe.Developing self-respect meansdeveloping self-confidence to deal with whatever life throws at us.The following are some ways we can improveour self-respect.There is great social stress from parents,work and society to become a certain perso

50、n and to achieve certaingoals.A real self-respect is important that you believe in your own values and remember what is important to you.Other people think you should behave in a certain way,but it doesnt mean they are right.Everyone needs to followhis or her own path.Even if others dont respect you