2023年高考英语高频词的一词多义和固定搭配.pdf

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1、2023年高考英语高频词的一词多义和固定搭配IcostThe ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中 cost 用作及物动词，意为 花 费 ，这是 cost 的常用法之一。）The cost of living is muchhigher now than it was two years a g o.（此句中 cost 用作名词，意为“价格,成本，费用”，这是它的常用法之二。）c o s t 除了以上用法外，还有其它用法。如:Has this project beencosted?（cost用作及物动词，意为“估价，估计成本”。）I mustget the book

2、at all costs,（at all costs 意为“无论如何，不惜任何代价”o ）（3）She saved him from drowning,but at the costof her own life,（at the cost of sth.意为 以牺牲某事物为代价 。）2dealTeachers should deal fairly with their pupils.（止 匕 句 中 deal用作不及物动词，常和with连用，意为“对待”，这是deal的常用法。）d e a l 还有其它用法。如：She spent a good deal of money on newclot

3、hes.（a good deal of意为“很多，大量”后接不可数名词。）Wetried to make sure everyone got a fair deal,（a fair deal 意为“公平的待遇。）My bank deals in stocks and shares now.（deal in 意为 经营”。）（4）The teacher dealt out the test papersto the students,（deal out 意 为 分 发。）3interestinterest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”，分别作名词和动词用。The money I borr

4、owed from him was repaid with interest.What hedid was just to protect his own interests.上面句子中的两个interest都作名词用。作“利息”讲时，为不可数名词;作“利益，好处”讲时.，多用复数形式。第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。；第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。4driveCan you drive a car?（drive用作动词，意思为“开车，驾驶”，是教材中的第一种用法。）Let s go for a drive in the country,（drive用作名词

5、，意思为“驱车旅行”，是教材中的第二种用法。）除了以上用法外，drive还有其它用法。如：The workers carriedon a drive for greater efficiency last month,（drive 用作名词，意思为 运动。）There are three buses parked on the drive,（drive 用作名词，意思为 车道Poverty drove the little boyto steal,（drive 用作动词，意思为 驱使。）I m sure thatI ve driven my opinion home.（drive sth.ho

6、me 意思为“把.讲透彻，使充分理解”。）Please drive the dog away,（drivesb./sth.away意思为“把.赶跑”。）5join v.&n.What club do you want to join?（此句中的join是及物动词，意为“加入，参加”，这是其最常见的用法。）另外它还有其它用法。如：The two rivers join at the bridge.（此句中的join是不及物动词，意为“会合，联合，相遇”。，丁 twopieces were stuck together so wel 1 that we could hardly see thejo

7、in.（此句中的join是名词，意为“连接处，接缝”。）6dreamdream在教材中有两种用法：用作动词时意思为“做梦，梦到”；用作名词时意思为“梦想，幻想”。dream除了以上用法外，还有以下几种用法。如：Her new dress is anabsolute dream,（dream用作名词，意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。）My aunt s wedding ceremony went like a dream,（go like a dream是固定短语,意思为“非常顺利，完美”。）7knowI ve known David for 20 years.I hope we have ta

8、ught ourchildren to know right from wrong.The old man has known bothpoverty and wealth,know在教材中的意思为“知道，了解，作动词用。在上面的三个句子中，know都作动词用，第一个know的意思为“认识”；第二个know的意思为“区分”；第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。8 failIf you don t work hard,you may fail.（此句中 fail 意为“失败;不及格，没有通过考试”。）fail 还有其它用法。如：He never fails to write to his mot

9、herevery week,（fail意为“忘记、忽视或未能做某事”。，She hasbeen failing in health,（fail in 意为”（健康状况）衰退”。，Hisfriends failed him when he most needed them,（fail 意为“使失望，辜负。）I had three passes and one fail,（fail 用作名词，意为“考试不及格。，I 11 be there at two o clockwithout fail.（without fail 意为 肯定，一定，必定”。）9 1eadlead在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时

10、意思为“引导，领导”；用作名词意为“领先；领先地位；带头”除了教材中的用法外，lead还有以下几种用法。如：Which road leadsto the mountain?（lead用作动词,意思为“通向，通 往 。）Mygrandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside,（lead用作动词，意思为“过某种生活。）Not having a balanced diet canlead to health problems,（lead 用作动词，意思为 导致。）Herbrother took the lead in the high jum

11、p,（lead 用作名词，意思为 领先地位。）In this new film,she is the lead,（lead 用作名词，意思为“主角”。）lOfallThe leaves fall in autumn.（此句中fall用作动词，意为“落下，下降”，这是其常用法。）fall 还有其它用法。如：I had a fall and broke my arm.（fall用作名词，意为“跌落，掉下，降 落 。）0ur holiday plans fellthrough because of bad weather,（fall through 意为“落空，未能实现，成为泡影。）My car i

12、s falling apart,（fall apart意为“破裂，破碎，散架”。）We fell about（laughing）when weheard the joke,（fall about 意为“无法控制地大笑”。）（5）Sam,please fall back on old friends in time of need,（fall back on意为“求助于，退到”。）11 lowThe sun is low in the s k y.（此句中low用作形容词，意为“低的，矮 的 ，这是low的常用法。）low还有其它用法。如：She s been feeling rather lo

13、w sinceher illness,（low 用作形容词，意为 消沉的。）（2）The simplestway to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high,（low用作副词，意 为“低价地，廉价地。）The gas is running low.（run low意为“几乎耗尽”。）12blindShe is blind in the left e y e.（此句中blind用作形容词，意为“瞎的，盲人的，这是blind的常用法。）blind 还有其它用法。如：The blinds were drawn to protect thene

14、w furniture from the sun.（blind 用作名词，意为“窗帘，遮光物”o ）（2）The soldier was blinded in the explosion,（blind用作动词，意为 使失明。）This is a blind letter,（blindletter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。）He turneda blind eye to her mistakes.（turn a blind eye to 意为“对.熟视无睹。）（B）He,s blind as a bat without his glasses,（blindas a bat意为“完全

15、看不见东西的。）13film大家都很熟悉film作名词时有“电影”的意思。除此之外film还有其它的意思。如：I put a new roll of film inmy camera,（film在此句中作名词，意思为“胶卷，胶片”。）Ittook them nearly a year to film this TV series,（film 在 止 匕 句中作动词,意思为“拍 摄 。中作andThe pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow.（此句中的land用作及物动词，意为“使着陆”，这是land的常用法之一。）The journey

16、to the far side of the island is quicker by landthan by s e a.（此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”，这是land的常用法之二。）除了以上用法外，l a n d 还有其它用法。如:Many farmers areleaving the land to work in industry,（the land 意为”农村,农业”o ）（2）The car will land you there in twenty minutes,（land用作动词，意为“使到达，把送到某地。痣He s reallylanded himself i

17、n it this time,（land sb./oneself in sth.意为“使某人陷入困境”。）He wants to see how the land liesbefore taking any action.（how the land lies 意为“事态，形势，概况”。）15causeShe,s always causing trouble.（此句中 cause 用作及物动词,意为“使发生，引起，这是cause的常用法。）c a use 还有其它用法。如：Smoking is one of the causes of heartdisease,（cause用作可数名词，意为“原

18、因，理 由 。）Peoplefought for the cause of freedom and peace,（cause 用作名词，意为“事业，目标”。）16fullThe theater is full,I m afraid you 11 have to wait for thenext show.（此句中full用作形容词，意为“满的，充满的”，这是full的常用法。）full 还有其它用法。如:Jack hit him full in the face,（full用作副词，意 为“直接地,精确地”。，Use your abilities to thefull,（to the full

19、 意 为“充分地，彻底地”。，He told me thestory in full,（in full 意为“全部地，全文地。）17cleanWe must keep our hands clean.（此句中的 clean 用作形容词，意为“干净的，清洁的，这是clean的常用法之一。）She is cleaningthe blackboard.（此句中的clean用作动词，意为“弄干净，清洁”，这是clean的常用法之二。）除了以上用法外,clean还有其它用法。如:I clean forgot aboutit.（clean用作副词，意为“彻底地,完全地，全部地”。）（2）The carne

20、eds a good clean,（clean用作名词,意为“清洁过程，清扫。）The government should come clean about its plans,（come clean意为“说出真相，全盘招供”。）We clean the machine down at theend of each day.（clean sth down 意为 擦洗干净。）Thewaiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates.（clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。）18 holdhold在教材中的意思为“举行；召集;主

21、持”，作动词用。The planeholds about 200 passengers.Who holds the world record for thehigh jump?（上面两个句子中的hold还是动词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“容纳”和“保持”。）19 1ightThis is a room with good light,（light 用作名词,意思为“光,光线”，是教材中的第一种用法。）It is so light that I can carryit easily,（light用作形容词，意思为“轻的”，是教材中的第二种用法。）light除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种

22、用法。如：May Iborrow your light?（light用作名词,意思为“火柴，打火机“o ）（2）Since you re not well,you d better do some lighthousework,（light用作形容词，意思为“轻松的，使人不疲劳的“o ）（3）My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop,（light用作形容词，意思为 低度酒的。）Wait a moment.T 11light a candle.（light用作动词，意思为 点燃。）20homehome在教材中的第一个意思为“家”，作

23、名词和副词用；第二个意思为“家庭的，作形容词用。A lot of new homes are being builtin the center of the town.The home team took the lead after 25minutes.ItJ s time for home news.在上面的三个句子中，第一个home作名词用，意思为“住宅，房子”；其余的两个作形容词用，意思分别为“主场的”和“国内的。21meanmean在教材中的意思为“意思是，打算”，作动词用。这是我们大家都熟悉的意思。除此之外mean还有其它的意思。如：Mary has always been mea

24、nwith money,（mean在此句中作形容词，意思为“吝啬的，小气的 o ）（2）Today the mean temperature is 10 in Shanghai,（mean在此句中作形容词，仅用于名词前，意思为“平均的”。）22mindWould you mind helping me?（此句中mind用作动词,意为 介意,注意”，这是 mind 的常用法之一。）He has a mind for science.（此句中mind用作名词，意为“头脑，思维”，这是mind的常用法之二。）mind除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。如:You must be out of yourmi

25、nd if you think I m going to lend you$50!（be out of one smind 意为 发狂,发疯,精神不正常”。）（2）Keep your mind on the job!（keep one s mind on sth.意为 继续专心于某事物”。，呢广 丫of speaking put me in mind of her mother,（put sb.in mind ofsb./sth.意为“使某人想到或想起某人/某事物”。）Who sthat letter from?一Never you mind,（never you mind 意为“不关你的事”

26、。）23missWe 11 miss you very much if you m o v e.（此句中 miss 用作及物动词，意为“想念，怀念，思念”，这是miss的常用法。）miss还有其它用法。如:After several misses he finallymanaged to hit the target,（miss用作名词，意为“失误，失败，击不中，回避”。）The offer of a year aboard with all expensespaid seemed too good to miss.（too good to miss 意为“很吸引人或很有利而无法拒绝或放弃。）

27、（）Bob will find out your secrethe doesn t miss a trick!（not miss a trick 意为“非常机警或警觉”。）24minuteThey only took fifteen minutes to finish that job.（止 匕 句 中minute用作名词，意为“分钟；片刻;一会儿。）minute还有其它用法，如:Your suggestion will be minuted,（minute用作动词，意为“将某事载入备忘录或会议记录”。）Herclothes are always right up to the minute,

28、（up to the minute意为“最新的；时髦的。）（）The detective studied thefingerprints in the minutest detail,（minute 用作形容词，读作/mai nju:t/,意 为“极详细的；准 确 的 。）25moveShe was too tired to move any further.（此句中 move 用作动词，意 为“移动;搬动;迁移;运行”。）move 还有其它用法，如：He sat in the corner,watching my everymove,（move用作名词，意 为“地点或位置的变动”。）It s

29、getting dark.We d better make a move,（make a move 意 为“出发；起程；动 身 。，丁!price of eggs moved ahead today,（moveahead意 为“有进展；上涨”。）26richrich在教材中的意思为“富有的；富饶的”，作形容词用。Do you likerich food?Her new coat is in rich red.上面句子中的两个 rich也作形容词用，但是意思分别为“油腻的”和“（颜色）浓艳的”。第一句可译为“你喜欢吃油腻的食物吗？；第二句可译为“她的新大衣是艳红色。27presentpresen

30、t在教材中的意思为“礼物”和“现在，目前”，作名词用。There were 300 people present at the wedding party.We presentedour E nglish teacher with beautiful flowers.The cinema willpresent Perhaps Love on Saturday.You must present yourself wellat an interview.上面句子中的四个present,第一个作形容词用，意思 为“出席的，到场的”；其余的三个都作动词用，意思分别为“赠送”、“上演，演出”和“展示”

31、。第一句可译为“有三百人出席了婚礼”；第二句可译为“我们把漂亮的花送给了英语老师”；第三句可 译 为“星期六这个电影院将上演 如果爱”；第四句可译为“面试的时候你必须很好地展示自己”。28 supportWe strongly support the peace process.（止 匕 句 中 support 用作及物动词，意 为“支持”，这 是support的常用法。）s u p p o r t 还有其它用法。如：W e couldn,t win the match withouttheir support,（support用作名词，意 为“帮助，支持”。）Theresults suppo

32、rt our original theory.（support 用作及物动词,意 为“证实”。）29 runrun在教材中的意思为“跑；奔 跑 ，作动词用。My brother has noidea how to run a business.I m afraid the color will run ifI wash your new skirt.The discussion between the teachers andthe students has run for two hours.He has run short of money.上面句子中的四个run都用作动词，但是意思发生了

33、变化,分别为“管理;经营”、“掉色，退色”、“持续”和“用”。30pickOnly the best players were picked to play in this match.（此句中pick用作及物动词，意为“挑选,选择，这是pick是常用法之一o ）You should not pick any of the flowers in the park.（此句中pick用作及物动词，意为“摘”，这是pick是常用法之二。）p i c k 还有其它用法。如：She felt that her parents were pickingon her.（pick on sb.意为“挑剔、批评

34、或责怪”。）She pickedout a pink dress for her daughter,（pick out 意为“挑选出“o ）（3）He picked the watch up from the carpet,（pick up 意为“捡起”。）31troubleWe are having trouble with our new car.（此句中 trouble 用作不可数名词，意为“麻烦,烦恼，困难”，这是trouble的常用法。）t r o u b l e 还有其它用法。如：I am sorry to trouble you.（trouble用作及物动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。

35、）He took a lot of troubleover this design.（trouble用作名词，意为“工夫，力气”。）32pullPull your chair near the table.（此句中 pull 用作及物动词,意为“拉，拖”，这是pull的常用法。）pull 还有其它用法。如：The tides（潮汐）depend on the pull ofthe moon.（pull用作名词，意为“拉 九 引 九 磁 力 。）He waspulled up by the boss,（pull sb.up 意为“纠正某人，训斥某人”。）33stayI 11 stay here

36、till you come back.（此句中的 stay 是不及物动词，意为“停留，呆”，这是其最常见的用法。）stay除了此用法外，还有其它用法,如：I made some friendsduring my stay in Beijing.（stay用作名词，意为“逗留/停留的一段期间。）I don t like you staying out so late,（stayout意为 不回家，呆在户外”。）I stayed up very late lastnight,（stay up 意 为“不睡觉，熬夜”。，You stay out of it.It s none of your bus

37、iness.（stay out of sth.意为“不参与某事，不插手某事。）34train在教材中用作名词，意思为“火车，列车”。train除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：I ve trained mydog to fetch my si ippers.（train用作动词，意思为“培养，训练”o ）（2）His telephone call interrupted my train of thought,（train of thought是固定短语，意思为 思路，思绪”。）Hetrained his camera on the birds,（train sth.on/at sth./

38、sb.意思为“用对准/瞄准某事物或某人”。）35payHer parents paid for her to go to America.（此句中 pay 用作动词，意为“付钱,支付，这是pay的常用法之一。）What s the paylike in your job?（此句中pay用作名词,意为“工资,薪水”,这是pay的常用法之二。）除了以上用法外，pay还有其它用法。如:It doesn t pay to getangry,（pay用作动词,意为“有利,值得。地John has paid offall his debts,（pay off 意为“付清，偿 清 。）（）I had to

39、pay out$200 to get my car repaired!（pay out 意为”付出巨款 。）36standShe was too weak to stand,（stand用作动词，意思为“站立;站着“，是教材中的第一种用法。）1 can t stand him interrupting all thetime,（stand用作动词，意思为“忍受”，是教材中的第二种用法。）除了上面的常见用法外，stand还有下列几种用法。Our schoolstands between the bookshop and the hospital,（stand 用作动词,意思为 位于某处。）（2）

40、The building stands about 40 metershigh,（stand用作动词，意思为“高度为，高达”。）蛇 正 are 400seats in the west stand,（stand用作名词，意思为“看台，观礼座”。）He bought some bananas at the fruit stand,（stand用作名词，意思为“货摊，货架”。）37termterm在教材中的意思为“学期”和“术语”，作名词用。Tom sfather was made Mayor for a term of four years.People between13 and 19 are

41、 termed teenagers.上面句子中的两个 term,第一个还作名词用，意思为“期限”；第二个作动词用，意思为“把称为/叫做”。第一句可译为“汤姆的父亲被选为市长,任期四年”；第二句可译为“十三岁至十九岁之间的人被叫做青少年”。38 questionThere is no question about his success.（此句中的 question 是名词，意为“怀疑，疑问”，这是其最常见的用法。）另外它还有其它的用法，如:I d like to question you on yourviews about the housing problem.（此句中的 question

42、 作及物动词，意为“问（某人）问题”。）His success is out ofquestion.（out of question 意为“没问题,办得到的”。）Watchingthe football match here seems to be out of the question,（outof the question意 为“不可能的，办不到的。）39 vegetablevegetable在教材中的意思为“蔬菜”和“植物”，作名词用。Theterrible accident turned him into a vegetable.Since losing hisjob my broth

43、er has felt like a vegetable.上面两个句子中的vegetable还是名词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“植物人”和“生活单调乏味的人”。40raisePlease raise your hand if you agree with m e.（止 匕 句 中 raise用作动词，意 为“举起，使 升 高 。这 是raise的常用法。）raise还有其它用法。如:They are raising funds forcharity,（raise用作及物动词，意 为“筹集，募捐。）Lucy raisedher eyebrows in surprise,（raise one

44、 s eyebrows 意 为“扬起眉毛”，表示不赞同或惊讶。）The workers are struggling forraising salaries,（raise用作及物动词，意 为 提 高。）My unclewas raised in the USA.（raise用作及物动词,意为“抚养，养育。）41subjectsubject在教材中的意思为“学科;科目”，作可数名词用。Smokersare more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.The footballmatch may be put off subject to the w

45、eather.Peter alwayssubjects his wife to his will.上面句子中的三个 subject,前两个作形容词用，意思分别为“易遭受的”和“取决于”；第三个作动词用，意 思 为“使顺从”。第一句可译为“吸烟的人比不吸烟的人容易犯心脏病。”；第二句可译 为“受天气的影响,足球比赛可能会推迟。”；第三句可译为“彼得总是让妻子顺从他的意愿。42wellwell在教材中有三种用法:用作副词时意思为“好，对，满意地”；用作形容词时意思为“身体好的”；用作感叹词时意思为“喔，噢,唔”；用作名词时意思为“井，水井”。well除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：The b

46、oy is wellable to look after himself,（well用作副词,意思为“完全地，彻底地，全 部 地 。）Her family is very well off.（well off 是固定短语，意 思 为“有钱的，富裕的”。）Tears were welling up inher eyes,（well用作动词,意思为“流出，涌 出 。）43room在教材中作可数名词用时，意 思 为“房间”；作不可数名词用时，意思为 空 间 o It is important to give children room to think forthemselves.She roome

47、d with Mary in college for two years._b面两个句子中，第一个room作不可数名词用，意 思 为“机会”；第二个room作动词用，意 思 为“租房，合 住 。44walkI walked to school this morning because my bike was broken,（walk用作动词，意 思 为“步行”，是教材中的第一种用法。）TheBrowns enjoy walking by the lake after supper,（walk 用作动词，意 思 为“散步”，是教材中的第二种用法。）walk除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。

48、如：Mygrandfather always walks his dog in the morning,（walk 用作动词,意思为“牵着动物走,溜。）My boyfriend walked me homelast evening.（walk用作动词，意思为“陪伴.走，护送.走”o ）（3）My father has friends from all walks of life,（walk用作名词，a walk of life为固定短语，意思为“行业，阶层”o ）45warmThe weather is a bit warmer today.（warm 用作形容词，意思为“温暖的，暖和的”，是教材中的用法。）除了上面的用法外,warm还有下列几种用法。如：My mother is avery warm person,（warm用作形容词，意思为“热心的，友好的”。）I warmed myself at the fire,（warm 用作动词，意思为“使温暖，使暖和。）Please warm up the milk,（warm用作动词，意思为“使变热，热一热”。）