2023年中考英语语法知识点清单专题10-情态动词(含详解).pdf
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1、专题10-情态动词2023年中考英语知识清单(通用版)目录考情分析:.121.情态动词c a n 和 could的主要用法.122.情态动词may和 m ight的主要用法.133.情态动词 must 的主要用法.144.情态动词 need 的主要用法.155.情态动词 shall的主要用法.166.情态动词 should 的主要用法.167.情态动词 ought to 的主要用法.168.情态动词w ill的主要用法.179.情态动词 would 的主要用法.1710.含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法.1711.牛刀小试18考情分析:中考英语试题对情态动词的考查主要是:一般疑问句的
2、问与答,理解情态动词表示猜测的用法及情态动词的被动语态应用。情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”,“应该”或“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语动词,必须和动词原形连用(ought除外).情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。常用情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,ought to,have to,need,dare,shall(should),will(would)。1.情态动词c a n和could的主要用法(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:Can you swim?你能游泳吗?His granny is over eighty bu
3、t slill can read without glasses.他的奶奶虽然八十多岁了,但是仍旧不用戴眼镜能够阅读。can和 be able to表示“能力”时的区别:can只有现在式和过去式两种形式,而 be able to除了现在式和过去式,还有将来式和完成式等多种形式。如:She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon.明天下午她将能帮助你。This is the information that I have been able to get so far.这是我到目前为止能得到的信息。(2)表示“许可,允许“。c a n 和 coul
4、d没有时态上的区别,could比 can在语气上更客气;在回答could引导的一般疑问句时要用can如:Could/Can you tell me the way to the railway station?你能告诉我去火车站的路吗?-Could I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?一Yes,of course you can.是,当然你可以。(3)表示“可能”,can多用于否定句和疑问句。如:We know that a computer cant think for itself.我们知道计算机不可能自己思考。Can she still be alive after all
5、 these years?这些年过后,她仍旧可能活着吗?(4)表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。如:The shy boy cant be our m onitor.(对现在情况的否定推测)那个腼腆的男孩不可能是我们的班长。The ground is dry.It can5t have rain ed.(对过去情况的否定推测)地面是干的,不可能下过雨。2.情态动词may和 might的主要用法(1)表示许可,意 为“可以”m ight比 m ay语气上更客气,更委婉。在回答m ay和might引导的-一般疑问句时,肯定回答用m a y,否定回答要用mustnt。如:May/Might I go n
6、ow?我可以现在去吗?Yes,you may./No,you mustnt.是,你可以。/不,你一定不要。May/Might I have a talk with you?我可以和你聊聊吗?(2)表示可能性,意 为“可能”,might的可能性比较小。如:You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyone.你可能在这走数英里都见不到任何人。He may/might be sick.他可能是病了。(3)表示对可能的情况推测,might的可能性比较小。如:That woman goes into the classroom.She may
7、/might be our teacher.那个妇女进了教室,她可能是我们的老师。They might/may have gone out at that time.在那个时候,他们可能出去了。(4)表示祝愿。(may+名词或代词+动词)如:May you succeed!祝你成功!May God bless you!上帝保佑你!3.情态动词m u st的主要用法(1)must表 示“必须”,“应该”,否定式mustnot/mustn t 表 示“不准”,“禁止”。在回答must引导的一般疑问句时,否定回答要用needn t 或 don I have to。如:The work must be
8、 finished as soon as possible.工作必须尽可能快得完成。You mustnt swim here,because its dangerous.你一定不要在这游泳,因为很危险。一Must I be home before ten oclock?十点钟,我必须在家吗?一No,you neednt/dont have to.不,你不必一定在。(2)表示肯定推测,意 为“一定,肯定”。如:You must be hungry after such a long w a lk.(对现在的肯定推测)漫长的步行后,你一定是饿了。I didn t hear the phone.I
9、must have been a sle e p.(对过去的肯定推测)我没有听到那个电话。我一定是睡着了。注 意 must和 have to 的区别:must表示说话人的主观看法,而 have to表示客观需要;must只有一种形式,可用于一般现在时和一般将来时,而 have to 有多种形式,可用于不同时态。如:As a student,I must study very hard.作为一个学生,我必须努力学习。I have to be at my office before eight every morning.每天早上八点之前,我必须在我的办公室。4.情态动词need的主要用法(1)n
10、eed作情态动词一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。need无人称变化,后接动词原形,意思是“需要”。在回答need引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用m u st,否定回答用needn I。如:He neednt do that.他不需要那样做。一Need you go now?你需要现在去吗?一Yes,I must./No,I neednt.是,我 必 须(现在去)。/不,我不需要。(2)need可用作行为动词,用法与其他的行为动词一样。We need to think it over.我们需要仔细考虑。Does he need to go now?他需要现在去吗?She didnt need to
11、 know it.她不需要知道它。5.情态动词shall的主要用法shall用作情态动词,用于第二和第三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”,“警告”,“允诺”的意思。在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。如:You shall do as I say.你应该按照我说得做。Shall we take a walk,after dinner?我们饭后去散步好吗?Lets go home together,shall we?让我们一起回家,好吗?6.情态动词should的主要用法(1)表 示“应该”,说话人主观上认为的责任和义务,可用于所有人称。如:You should
12、 keep your promise once you make it.你一旦许诺,就应该兑现。(2)should have done表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事,而 shouldn t have done表示过去不应该做而实际上已经做了的事。如:Its eleven oclock.He should have arrived here by now.H 点钟了。他应该不晚于现在到这。You shouldnt have told anyone about that.你本不该告诉任何人关于那事。7.情态动词ought t o 的主要用法表 示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。否定
13、形式为ought not to(缩写形式为oughtn t t o),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词原形。如:You ought to do it now.你应该现在就做。一Ought we to go there now?我们应该现在就去那吗?Yes,you ought(to).是,你应该去。一No,you ought not(to).不,你不该去。8.情态动词w ill的主要用法表 示“意志”,“意愿”,用于各人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。如:We will help her if she asks to us.如果她问我们,我们就愿意帮助她。W
14、ill you please give him a message when you see him?当你看见他时,给他稍个信好吗?9.情态动词would的主要用法would是 w ill的过去式,表示过去的“意志”,“愿望”,用于各个人称。用于陈述句和疑问句中还表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will委婉。She said that she would do that whatever happened.她说无论发生什么她都愿意做。I promised you that I would do my best to help you.我保证过我将尽力帮助你。一Would you lik
15、e some apples?你想吃苹果吗?Yes,rd like to.是的,我想吃。I would like to go with you tonight.今晚我想和你一起去。10.含有情态动词的被动语态构成形式及其基本用法情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。含有情态动词的被动语态变为否定句时,应在情态动词后面加not:变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移到句首。如:Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that t
16、ime.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone?桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)Waste paper should not be thrown here.废纸不应该扔在这里。Should it be done by Li Ming?这件事应该是李明干吗?1 1.牛刀小试1.(2022山东济南市槐荫区教育教学研究中心二模)一Gi n a,y o u show me howto make Russian soup?Sure.A.can B.may C.must D.should2.(2022 江苏 宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模)一He be in
17、 the classroom.-No.I saw him go home a minute ago.A.should B.can C.may D.shouldnt?.(2022】可 j 匕 二模)Look at the No Fishing”sign.You fish here.A.mustnt B.should C.can D.neednt4.(2022甘肃武威二模)Zhangye Danxia,one of the worlds top ten magical geographicalw o n d e r s,b e protected very well.A.must B.would
18、C.may D.could5.(2022吉林长春二模)My little cousin is so talented that he play the piano atthe age of three.A.might B.should C.can D.could6.(2022辽宁锦州中考真题)Will plants grow on other planets?That be true.It9s really difficult to predict the future.A.mustnt B.should C.neednt D.may7.(2022辽宁抚顺 中 考 真题)一 On my way
19、 to the supermarket,I saw Jimmy hanging outwith someone.It be him.He has gone to Shanghai.A.cant B.mustnt C.might D.could8.(2022辽宁丹东中考真题)The lights of Toms house arent on.I think he be athome now.A.mustnt B.neednt C.wont D.cant9.(2022山东济南模拟预测)一Is that Paul playing the piano in the music room?It be h
20、im.I just saw him in Miss Lis office.A.cant B.mustnt C.can D.must10.(2022吉林长春市第一O 八学校模拟预测)一 Is that black car over there youruncles?No,it be his.He has driven to Jilin to have a meeting.A.must B.can C.cant D.mustnt11.(2022 江 苏 仪 征市第三中学模拟预测)一Excuse me,when are we going to have aschool trip?一Im not su
21、re.Ask Thomas,please.He know.A.need B.can C.may D.shall12.(2022 湖 北 阳新县富川中学模拟预测)一Mum,why do I have to wash hands so manytimes a day?For your health,you be too careful.A.neednt B.shouldntC.mustnt D.cant13.(2022江苏苏州市平江中学校一模)一Have you decided to take up teaching as careerafter graduation?I go abroad fo
22、r further education instead.But I havent made up my mind yet.一 Sure.Here you are.A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.shall14.(2022山东济南模拟预测)She_ be here.She is on the way to London.A.cantB.mayC.needntD.must15.(2022辽宁大连二模)一 _ _ _ _ _ _ I have a look at your photo?A.CanB.NeedC.MustD.Should16.(2022安徽霍邱县第三中学模拟预测)The ma
23、gazine be Lilys.Lefs go andask her.A.cant B.may C.must D.should17.(2022云南普洱模拟预测)一Steve is walking the dog in the park.一He be.Listen!He is reading English in his room.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wont18.(2022河北唐山市第十二中学一模)Life be easy or difficult.Sometimes itdepends on how you look at it.A.can B.need C
24、.must D.should19.(2022辽 宁抚顺模拟预测)I wonder if these are Jims glasses.They be his.He doesnt wear glasses.A.could B.must C.cant D.mustnt20.(2022辽宁沈阳一模)一 Daddy,may I take a bath now?一 No,you test the water first.A.must B.may C.can D.will21.(2022吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测)The man be Mr.Black,because hehas gone to Pari
25、s.A.cant B.mustnt C.must D.need22.(2022 广西环江毛南族自治县教育局二模)一May I use your pen,Kate?Sorry,you.I am using it.A.cant B.neednt C.mustnt D.shouldnt23.(2022辽宁营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)一Tina,once you have a plan,youtry your best to achieve it.OK,mum.I will.A.can B.may C.might D.should24.(2022辽宁营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测)一Where is
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