新视野5unit2单词文档.pdf

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1、eternal adv.eternally 永恒地；不朽地n.eterrdty来世，来生；不朽；永世vt.eternalize 使永恒；使不朽；使不灭（等于 eternize）eternize使不变；使永恒a.1.lasting forever;forever existent永久的，永世的Primitive men fully believed in aneternal life after the world.原始人完全相信人死后能够永生。He is gone to an eternal rest and willnever return.他去世了，再也回不来了。2.unceasing;c

2、ontinuing withoutinterruption无休止的，没完没了的We are tired of her eternal complaintsabout the working conditions here.她无休止地抱怨这里的工作条件，我们烦透了。He worked very hard and tried to solvethose eternal problems.他很努力地工作，试图去解决那些没完没了的问题。invariablyad.constantly or unchangeably;always,without exception不变地，恒定地；总是Invariably

3、 she forgets to take her keysto the car.她总是忘记带汽车钥匙。Its invariably wet when my sistercomes to visit us in August.我妹妹在八月份看我时，天总是下雨。perish adj.perishable 易腐坏的;易毁灭的；会枯萎的n.perishable容易腐坏的东西perishabiMv非持久性；易腐性perishableness腐败性；易朽性perishervi.die;pass away completely死去；消亡，毁灭Hundreds of people perished in th

4、eearthquake.在那次地震中死亡了上百人。The ship was wrecked,and he perishedin the water.轮船失事了，他落水身亡。legendn.C a story coming down from thepast传说，传说的故事There are many legends about theexploits of Robin Hood.有许多关于罗宾汉的传说故事。The story of sandwich sounds like alegend.“三明治”的故事听上去像是一个传说。originate adj.oriqinal 原始的；最初的；独创的；

5、新颖的originative有创作力的；有发明之才能的vi.(in,from)come into existence;arise;have as an origin发源；产生，发起I believe that the quarrel originated in ami s understanding.我相信争吵来自误解。His new idea originated from what yousaid at yesterdays meeting.他的新主意源自你昨天会议上的发、己。fabulousa.1.based on a fable寓 言（或传说中）中的In the story,they

6、refer to those dragonsand other fabulous creatures.在这个故事中，他们指的是龙和传说中的其他动物。Although he is a child,he doesnt likefabulous stories.虽然他是一个小孩，但是他并不喜欢寓言故事。2.extremely good or pleasant;excellent极好的，极妙的Last night they watched a fabulousperformance downtown.昨天他们在市中心观看了一场非常好的演出。She looks fabulous today.今天她看上去

7、气色极好。wrinklevt.make a small fold,crease or ridgeon a surface,or in the skin(usu.causedby ageing)使起皱纹He wrinkled his brow,confused andworried by the strange events.他皱起眉头，被这些怪事弄得困惑不安。n.C a small ridge or fold on a smoothsurface or in the skin皱纹As time went by,she began to getwrinkles around her eyes.随

8、着时间的推移，她的眼角出现了皱纹。We use an iron to remove the wrinklesfrom the cotton shirts.我们用熨斗烫平棉布衬衫上的皱纹。foula.very bad;evil;cruel邪恶的；道德败坏的；残酷的He decided to win the election by fairmeans or foul.他决定不择手段地获得选举的胜利OMurder is regarded as a foul crime.谋杀被认为是种邪恶的罪行。The teachers had to dealwith her foul language,disrup

9、tive behaviour,andlow academicperformance.老师们不得不应付她粗俗的语言、捣乱的行为和不良的学业成绩。n.A foul is an act ina game or sport thatis not allowedaccording to the rules.（体育比赛中的）犯规例：Harridge was chargedwith a flagrant foul andejected from the game.哈里基被指恶意犯规并被逐出了比赛。temptvt.1.induce诱惑，引诱They were tempted by bribes.他们受到贿赂的

10、诱惑。If you leave valuables in your car,itwill tempt thieves.把贵重物品放在汽车里会招引小偷。2.cause to be strongly inclined;attract引起兴趣；吸引The warm weather tempted her to goout for a walk.温暖的天气吸引她外出散步。His ambition tempted him into politics.他的雄心诱使他进入政界。tubn.C a bathtub浴盆，浴缸He prefers a tub to a shower.他喜欢盆浴胜过淋浴。The ba

11、thing tub is of the latest style.这是最新式的浴缸。glandn.C any of various organs by meansof which certain constituents areremoved from the blood腺gland cell腺细胞foilvt.prevent the success of;cause to fail挫败；抑制我们挫败了他推翻这项计划的企图。We foiled his attempt to turn downthe plan.His scheme to escape from the prisonwas foi

12、led.他的越狱阴谋受挫了。n.箔copper foil 车 同 箔cold foil 金箔metal fo il金属箔silverfoil 银箔plastic foil 一 塑料薄膜Pour cider around the meat andcover with foil.在肉的四周倒上苹果酒，然后盖上箔纸。probabilityn.1.C,U the quality,state or degreeof being probable;likelihood orpossibility可能性；或然性There is a probability that he wouldsucceed in th

13、e experiment.他有可能实验成功。There is little probability of arriving atShanghai before 5 in the afternoon.下午5 点之前到达上海几乎是不可能的。2.C,U a measure of the relativefrequency of occurrence of an event概率You have to calculate the probability offailure.你必须计算一下失败的概率。Sophomores have learned theprobability function.二年级的学

14、生已经学了概率函数。infectiousa.liable to produce infection传染的，传染性的An infectious disease is one that can bepassed from one person to another.传染性疾病是能够在人们之间传播的一种疾病。A long time ago,people realized thatcholera is an infectious disease.很早以前人们认识到霍乱是一种传染病。rupturev.(cause to)break or burst(使)破裂，(使)裂开The patient is in

15、 danger because hisblood vessel is ruptured.病人因血管破裂而病危。As the temperature is below zero,thewater pipe ruptured with the cold.气温已降到零度以下，水管冻裂了。n.C,U(an instance of)breakingapart or bursting破裂，裂开The friendship between the two nationshas ended in a rupture.两国之间的友谊破裂了。Finally,the negotiation came to arup

16、ture.谈判最终破裂了。appendixn.(pl.-dixes or-dices)1.C abodily outgrowth from the intestine阑尾He had his inflamed appendix excised.他把发炎的阑尾切除了。The appendix has perforated.阑尾已穿孔。2.C a section that gives extrainformation at the end of a piece ofwriting附录You need to add an appendix to thisbook.你需要给这本书加一个附录。This

17、book has an explanatory appendix.这本书有一个解释性的附录。afflictvt.1.cause trouble,pain or distress to使苦恼，使痛苦，折磨He was grievously afflicted with thethroat cancer.他深受喉癌的折磨。挫折之后，她身心均受折磨。After the setback,she was afflicted inboth body and spirit.optimuma.perfect;best最佳的，最优的The optimum speed for a launchdepends on

18、 both the type of glider andthe wind strength.起飞的最佳速度取决于滑翔器的类型和风力。We provided the optimum conditionsfor healthy growth.我们提供了健康成长的最佳条件。chronica.1.(of a disease)continual;lasting along time(疾病了慢性的Rheumatism is often a chronic disease.关节炎常常是一种慢性疾病。He was troubled by a chronic diseasethroughout his life

19、.他被慢性病折磨了一辈子。2.suffering from a disease over a longperiod长期患病的As a chronic invalid he had to retireearlier.作为长期病号他只得提早退休。adherevi.(to)stick to;hold on to;follow坚持，遵守He resolutely adhered to what he hadsaid at the meeting.他毅然坚持他在会上所说的话。Everyone should strictly adhere to thisrule.每个人都要严格遵守这个规定。persist

20、enta.1.continuing to do sth.in adetermined way坚持不懈的；执意的With persistent efforts you can finishthe work on time.通过坚持不懈的努力，你能够按时完成这项工作。He was so persistent that we had noway but to let him try it.他如此坚持，我们只好让他试一试。2.continuing to exist,happen,orappear for a long time持续的，持久的When he received persistent tel

21、ephonecalls from clients about the products,hehad to take it seriously.不断地接到顾客关于产品的电话，他不得不认真对待这件事。What accounts for his persistentfailures?对他连续的失败该如何解释呢？despisevt.regard as tasteless or worthless鄙视；看不起；讨厌Those who dont have their ownopinions are often despised.没有自己见解的人常常让人看不起。Honest boys despise lie

22、s and liars.诚实的孩子讨厌谎话和说谎的人。profitablea.money-making;rewarding有利可图的；有益的The premier admitted that althoughthey had some differences,theirdialogue was generally profitable.总理承认虽然他们有一些分歧，但是他们的对话是有益的。patentvt.obtain a patent for取得的专利权He intended to patent his recentsoftware invention.他有意为最近发明的软件申请专利。He t

23、ried to get it marketed or patentedbut he had no success.他试图将这一发明市场化或者获得专利，但是没有成功。n.C an official document that givessb.who has invented sth.the exclusiveright to make or sell that invention for aparticular period of time;the rightgiven in such a document专利；专利权He got a patent for his invention in192

24、0.他 于1920年获得这项发明的专利权。Over a hundred patents a week aregranted by the Patent Office.专利局每周批准100多项专利。calorien.C a unit of energy used as ameasurement of the amount of energywhich food provides（热量单位）卡One slice of bread has 90 calories.一片面包有90卡热量。A single meal can provide at least 300calories.一顿饭可提供至少300

25、卡的热量。traitn.C a distinguishing quality,feature,or characteristic特征，特性；品质This artificial material has many traitsin common with the metal.这种人工材料具有许多金属材料的特征。Enthusiasm is a conspicuous trait inhim.热情是他性格中的显著特征。character,characteristic,feature&personality这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。character指成年人已经充分发展的

26、生活方式，而且往往与品格 有关。characteristic指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。feature通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。personality偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。descendantn.C a person descended from anancestor后裔，后代，子孙He is a direct descendant of the authorof this book.他是这本书作者的直系后裔。They are the descend

27、ants of Spanishsoldiers.他们是西班牙军人的后代。manipulatevt.1.control or influence控制；影响They are not in a position to manipulatethe stock market.他们没有条件操纵股市。He knows how to manipulate thecompany.他知道如何控制公司。The wealthy landowner was accused ofmanipulating the local council.这个富有的地主被指控控制地方委员会。2.operate;utilize skill

28、fully操作；使用She watched him manipulate thehandles efficiently to run the machine.她看着他熟练地运用手柄使机器转动。It is easy to manipulate the knobs onthe tape recorder to do recording.使用录音机的旋钮录音是很容易的。promisinga.showing signs of likely futuresuccess有希望的，有前途的They believe that he is a promising newpainter.他们确信他是一位有前途的新

29、画家。It was a promising start in this researchproject.这是本研究项目的一个良好开端。necessitatevt.make necessary需要；使成为必需His absence necessitated some quickadjustments to strategy.他的缺席使得有必要对策略进行一些快速调整。The new policy would necessitatestarting all over again.有了这一新政策，就得从头干起。A prolonged drought hadnecessitated the introd

30、uction ofwater rationing.一场持续的干旱使定量供水的引进成为必需。multituden.1.C a great number大批；众多He collected a multitude of facts aboutthe bribery.他收集了大量有关受贿的事实。A multitude of problems arose.大量的问题出现了。2.(the)ordinary people;the masses大众，民众The astronaut has some specialqualities which mark him out from themultitude.这位

31、宇航员具备一些令他超群出众的特殊品质。grima.1.harsh;fierce艰苦的；严酷的;无情的They had to consider the grimaftermath of war.他们必须考虑到战争的严酷后果。He has to acknowledge the grim fact.他不得不承认这无情的事实。2.stern;unyielding坚强的，不屈的He has a grim courage.他具有坚忍不拔的勇气。He was praised for his grim spirit.他因不屈的精神而受到表扬。diminishvt.make smaller or less减少，

32、缩小Their chances would be diminishing aseach hour goes by,but we cantconfidently say there is nobody alive inthat building.随着时间一时一刻地过去，他们活着的可能在减少，但是我们还不能肯定建筑内没有活着的人了。Modern farming techniques havediminished the number and quality ofthe wetlands which remain.现代农业技术已经缩小了现存湿地的数量和质量。reduce、diminish elimi

33、natedecrease的区另Ureduce强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少，如：The workers reduced their wagedemands.工人们降低了他们在工资方面的要求。The driver reduced the speed 司机降低了速度。diminish含有拿走、降低或消除的意思，如：An occasional outburst didntdiminish my respect for her.偶尔的一次发火并未减少我对她的尊敬。The wardens authority diminishedafter the revolt.典狱长的权威在动乱后下降了。elim

34、inate不予考虑或忽略不期望的人或事物，如：They eliminated all politicalopposition他们忽略了所有的政治对手。Eliminate the false and retain thetrue去伪存真。decrease指稳定或逐步的减少：Traffic decreases on holidays.节 彳 技日行人车辆减少了。Lack of success decreasesconfidence.失败使信心渐减。terminatevt.put an end to;end or stop停止，结束；终止When this job terminated in Aug

35、ust,hebecame the state agent for purchasinggrain.这项工作在8月结束后，他成了国家收购粮食的代理人。All the US operational rights over thecanal will terminate by the year 2010.到2010年，美国对运河所有的行使权将终止。wearya.1.tired;fatigued疲倦的；厌倦的She felt weak and weary when shesuffered from this disease.当她患这种疾病时，她感到虚弱和疲倦。At six,she returned,w

36、eary andexhausted.六点钟，她疲惫不堪地回来了。2.which makes one tired令人厌倦的a long and weary journey使人疲乏的长途旅程Programmes on television havedegenerated into weary,predictablerepetitions of each other.电视节目愈来愈糟，尽是些沉闷乏味一猜就中的相互抄袭之作。look forward toanticipate(usu.with eagerness)期待，盼望We look forward to meeting him inBeijing

37、.我们期待着在北京与他会面。She looks forward to the dinner withhim.她期待着与他一起吃饭。perish fromdie of死于，因.而死亡The doctor diagnosed that theyperished from cholera.医生诊断他们死于霍乱。A large number of his soldiers perishedfrom hunger and thirst.他的很多士兵死于饥渴。originate in/fromarise from;come from;have sth./sb.asa cause or beginning始

38、自，来源于The word kimono originates fromJapanese.”和服”这个字源于日语。hold on tomaintain;keep;stick to;persist in坚持；遵守He still held on to the terms he putforward at the last meeting.他依然坚持上次会议上提出的条件。Both parties shall hold on to theagreement.双方应该遵守协议。be well offbe in satisfactory or prosperouscondition or circums

39、tances富裕的，境遇好的After ten years*hard work,they madethis region well off.经过10年的努力，他们使该地区变得富裕了。adhere tohold on to;stick to坚持；遵守adhere to ones post坚守工作岗位adhere to the truth坚持真理slow downmake or go slower减速；减缓At the turn,you should slow down.在拐弯处，你应该减速。Due to the lack of energy,the economyin this country

40、slowed down.由于能源短缺，该国的经济发展放慢了。Language Point 1Are you hoping for a long life?Thought so.Are you looking forwardto growing old?Thought not.Men havewanted one without the other forthousands of years,and have invariablybeen disappointed.(Para.1)Meaning:Are you hoping for a longlife?You must have though

41、t so.Areyou expecting to grow old?The answermust be no.For thousands of years,men have wanted a long life withouthaving to grow old,but they havealways been disappointed.invariably:a.constantly,changelessly,or unchangeably;without exception;alwaysIt is reported that the productivity inthis country h

42、as invariably grown forfive years.据报道，该国的生产力在这五年里不断增长。Their aims and methods are invariablychecked by not only the professionalsbut also their parents.他们的目的和方法总是受到专业人员和他们的父母的检查。Language Point 2The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce deLeon was more famous for his searchfor the Fountain of Youth than fordisc

43、overing Florida in 1513.(Para.1)Meaning:The Spanish explorer JuanPonce de Leon was more well-knownfor trying to find the Fountain of Youththan for discovering the state of Florida.Language Point 3He never did find the spring that thenatives had told him of,and perishedfrom a poisoned Indian arrow a

44、fewyears later.(Para.1)Meaning:He never found the Fountainof Youth that the natives told him about,and a few years later,he was killedby/died because of an Indian arrowwith poison in it.perish:v.die;pass away completelyThe ideal of beauty and moralitycannot perish in a healthy society.在一个健康的社会中，美与德的

45、理念不会消失。More than 5 percent of these infantsperished in spite of the necessary carethat was given to them.尽管给予了这些婴儿必要的护理，仍有超过5%的婴儿死亡。Language Point 4The legend of the Fountain of Youthmay have originated in northern India.(Para.2)Meaning:The story of the Fountain ofYouth which has been passed downmay

46、 have started in northern India,legend:n.a traditional or popular storycoming down from the pastThis is only a local legend about theKitchen God.这只是当地关于“灶神”的一个传说。His exploits were really a legend tomany people.他的业绩对许多人来说真是一个传奇。originate in/from:arise from;havesth./sb.as a cause or beginningMost back

47、 problems originate in thisarea,but they could be easily avoidedby regular exercise.多数后背痛起始于这个部位，但是通过经常性的锻炼可以很容易地避免这种背痛。Many of our foods originate fromtropical forest species such as rice,fruit,maize and coffee.我们的许多食物，像水稻、水果、玉米和咖啡，都源于热带森林作物。Language Point 5One painter painted a famous picture ofth

48、e fabulous spring,with wrinkled oldwomen going in at one end and youngbeauties coming out at the other.(Para.2)Meaning:One painter painted a famouspicture of the wonderful fountain,showing old women with fold of oldskin entering it,and turning intobeautiful young ladies when they cameout.fabulous:a.

49、1)based on a fableHe completed his novel based on afabulous story that is very common inthis area.他根据这个地区非常流行的一个寓言故事写成了这本小说。2)extremely good or pleasant;wonderfulLast night I attended a fabulous party.昨晚我参加了 一个极其愉快的聚会。wrinkle:v.make a small fold,crease orridge on a surface,or in skin(usu.caused by a

50、geing)Not being careful enough,he got hisnew suit wrinkled here and there.由于不小心，他的那套新西装弄得到处都皱巴巴的。His face was obviously wrinkled as hewas getting advanced in age.随着进入老年，他的面部明显地出现了皱纹。Language Point 6Writers have constantly imaginedworlds where people lived toextraordinary ages while holding on tothei