中考英语专项复习-阅读理解.pdf

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1、初三英语二轮复习学案课题：阅读专项 班级：姓 名：中考考点要求：阅读理解题主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息的综合语言运用能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。【解题指导】阅读理解解题方法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但

2、仍表示同一含义。排 除 法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。【考查内容】1.阅读文章题材多样（涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面），体裁形式丰富（包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等），这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。2.阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。【解题技巧】L 主 旨 题

3、（To find out the main idea）其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为：-1.Which is the best title of this passage?2.The main idea of this passage is3.The passage mainly tells us:例 题 1Happiness is for everyone.In fact,happiness is always around you,if you put y

4、our heart into it.Happiness is not the same as money,it is a feeling of your heart.（）Which of the following is this passage about?A.Bad luck B.Good luck C.Happiness D.Life（答案为 C）例题2Ifs so crowded in Florida!Wc had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes.()The paragraph mainly tells us.A.Its

5、 so crowded in Florida.B.We had to wait a long time.例题3Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness.Choose an aisle(过道)seat on a plane,train and sit in the front of a ca匚 Avoid standing.Always face the same way that youre travelling and leaveyour books at home.()The paragraph

6、is mainly about?A.Where to sit on a plane B.When to travelC.How to prevent travel sickness D.Why we shouldnt stand例题4Six strong men tried to push and pull(拉拽)the bull out,but the bull didnt move at all and even attackedthem.The men thought carefully and decided to fill the bull s milk bottle with mi

7、lk then used it to lead thebull out.It worked at last.Sometimes we meet with troubles.Maybe at first you find it difficult to deal witha problem.But thinking in different ways may lead you to the solution.()What does this paragraph want to tell us?A.Experience is the best teacher.B.Something tried,s

8、omething done.C.It s dangerous to make a bull angry.D.When a usual way can t help,try another wayf主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。2.细节题(To look for details)细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。例 题 1Peter started playing for the local club w

9、hen he was only 10 years old in 1948.In 1970,he was in the teamthat won the World Cup for Brazil again.He finally stopped playing inl977.How many years did Peter play football?(咨案为29years。抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)细节题中的难点常为此类问题：Which of the following is True/Not True?这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为

10、：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于4 道。例题2It seems that everybody tells lies-well,not big lies,but what we call“white lies.Telling white lies isn*tthat bad.Most of the time,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.()Which of the following is not True:A.White lies are not big lies.B.In fact,ever

11、ybody tells lies.C.People tell white lies to protect a friendship.D.White lies are harmful to friendship.(答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。)(答案为例题3Assistant NeededAn assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut.He/She must be healthy and should have an interest in makingpizza.More importantly,he/she should have work

12、 experience in a restaurant.Tel:021-23432569.（）This advertisement tells us t hat.A.the assistant must be a man.B.the assistant must have once worked in arestaurant.C.the assistant must be good at making pizza.D.Work experience isnt necessary.f定位一抓住选项中的关键词,回原文中找到相关句。3.推断题（To infer a conclusion）推断题就是根

13、据某个事实推断结论。包 括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。常见题式：J From the passage we know that.From the passage we can infer（推断）that_注 意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。例题1The doctor gave my sister some medicine,but it did nothing to her.（）From this sentence know.A.my sister didnt like this medicine B.m

14、y sister took the medicineC.the medicine made my sister sick D.my sister got better now（根据后半句的but it did nothing to her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。）（答案为D）例题2Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers（作曲家）of his time,and his works havebeen enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over

15、the world.During his liletime Ellingtonturned musical sounds into many compositions,mostly in the style of Jazz（）We may infer from the passage that.A.Ellingtons works disappeared quickly.B.Ellington loves travelling around the world.C.Ellington could compose all kinds of songs.D.Ellington had a grea

16、t influence on the world ofmusicf根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句，进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确答案4.猜测词义题（To guess the meaning）猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。常见题式如下：C The word in the passage probably means.工 What does the word me a n.（The underlined（戈线的）word m e a n s.例 题 1Children like such creature

17、s as dogs and monkeys.（）The underlined（戈（J线的）word meansA.animals B.plants C.Humans D.toys（由 dogs and monkeys 可推断出，答案为 A）例题2You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt,so you are very defensive.()What?s the meaning of the underlined word“defensive?A.易怒的 B.攻击性的 C.外向的

18、D.有戒心的一利用因果关系猜测词义例题3Now there are many houses around the lake.People often use chemicals in their gardens.They use otherchemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects.There are also many businessmen.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.()“Chemical“in the story me a ns.

19、A.化学家 B.污染 品 C.药品 D.化学制品(答案为D)一根据己经学习的词眼、词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。例题4Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely.(r)例题5A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.()f 通过程义来推测词意。【能力提升】一、人物故事篇(记叙文)Do you believe that you arent smarter than 3-year-old Alexis Martin,oneof

20、 the youngest members of the high IQ club Mensa?Preschooler(学龄前的)Alexiss IQ is 159,which is only one point lower than Stephen Hawkings.Doctors say the average IQ of a person is about 100.She learned to read at the age of 2.r She reads at a fifth grade level and has taught herself Spanish onher paren

21、ts,iPad!Now,she is a member of the Mensa Club,which only accepts people with an IQ withinthe top two per cent of people in the world!Alexis father,Ian Martin,said he first realized Alexis was special when she was 12 months old.Shecould recite(背诵)bedtime stories.Wed be driving around in the car and s

22、he would recite her bedtimestories from the night before.She didnt just recite them,and she recited them exactly,Alexis fatherwould try to trick her and say that her story went a different way,but she always corrected him.Most12-month-old children take their first steps on their own and most 18-mont

23、h-olds can only name a smallnumber of objects and body parts,and follow simple two-step questions.Even though Alexis is a genius(天才)，her parents are faced with lots of challenges like how to teachher to make friends of her own age.“Will she go into kindergarten early?We are kind of hesitant(迟疑的)beca

24、use we do want her to get tothat social world,Ian said.()1.Alexis Martin is a girl who.A.has many hobbies B.has a high IQ C.is good at telling stories D.likes reading()2.According to the report,Stephen Hawkings IQ is as high as.A.158 B.159 C.160 D.101()3.Alexis Martin could recite bedtime stories at

25、.A.the age of 2 B.the age of 1C.one and a half years old D.the age of 3()4.What would Alexis do when her father said her bedtime stojies went a different way?A.She would refuse to listen.B.She would try to recite it.C.She would correct him.D.She would laugh at it.()5.Which of the following statement

26、s about Alexis is NOT true?A.She is accepted by the Mensa Club.B.She has made a lot of friends.C.She learned to read at the age of 2.D.She learned a foreign language by herself.二、说明篇How quickly can you coupnt from one to ten?Do you use ten different words to do it?Can you do it inEnglish,or do you h

27、ave to use your first language?Do you count on your fingers?Many people think thatnumbers and math are the same all over the world.But scientists have discovered that it is not true.People in different parts of thq world use different ways to count on their fingers.In the UnitedStates,people begin c

28、ounting with their first finger,which they extend or stick out.They then extend therest of their fingers and finally the Ihumb(拇指)to count to five.Then they repeat this with the other hand toget to ten.In China,people count by using different finger positions.In this way,a Chinese person caneasily c

29、ount to ten on only one hand.Besides ways of finger counting,scientists have found that cultures and languages are also differentwhen it comes to numbers.Some languages have only a few words for numbers,and others have no wordsfor numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Austra

30、lia.These people dont havehand movements to stand for numbers.They dont even have words for numbers.However,they are stillable to understand different ideas about numbers.In a similar study,researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that peopleof the Piraha tribe(部落)in nor

31、thwestern Brazil dont have words for numbers such as one or three”.They are not able to say“five trees or“ten trees“but can say“some trees,more trees,or“many trees”.Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count,“But here is agroup that does not count.They cou

32、ld learn,but its not useful in their culture,so theyve never picked itup.”Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and notall people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in theirdaily lives.Now we know

33、that people have different ideas about numbers and math,too.()6.The writer begins with ther four questions in order to.A.make a survey B.interest readersC.tell a story D.solve math problems()7.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S.and China?A.People from China count

34、 much faster than people from the U.S.B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting.D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.()8.Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australian

35、s?A.They have only a few words for numbers.B.They have hand movements to stand fornumbers.C.They can only count to five on their fingers.D.They can understand different ideas aboutnumbers.()9.The study of the Piraha tribe shows that.A.people all over the world know how to count B.people of the tribe

36、 have words fornumbersC.some groups of people are not smart enougji to count D.counting is not useful in the cultureof the tribe()10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.People from different cultures have different ideasr about numbers and math.B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fing

37、ers than Americans.C.In some aboriginal cultures,people dont even know how to count.D.Some languages dont have number words because people dont need numbers.三、应用篇J&M Music Store Rock,pop and country music Buy CDs new or used Listen before you buy Guitar lessons offeredPeth Market Fresh fruit and veg

38、etables Open Friday to Sunday mornings Free ice cream for children under 12Times Coffee Shop The best coffee in town,Sandwiches,cakes,piesOpen 10:00a.m一 11:00 p.m.dailyJazz music(Wednesday to Sunday)Macons B&B Feel like home We have different kinds of rooms Delicious homemade breakfast)11.You can at

39、 J&M Music Store.A.receive guitar lessons B.borrow new or used CDsC.learn pop music history D.buy all kinds of music books()12.You can go to Times Coffee Shop to have coffee and pies at.A.8:30 a.m.B.9:30 a.m.C.10:30 p.m.D.11:30 p.m.()13.If your friend is coming for a visit,where will he stay for a n

40、ight?A.In J&M Music Store.B.In Peth MarketC.At Times Coffee Shop.D.At Macons B&B.()14.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.There is no breakfast at Macons B&B.B.You cant listen to the CD before you buy it.C.Times Coffee Shop offers Jazz music every day.D.Kids under 12 can get fr

41、ee ice cream in Peth Market.()15.Where is the passage probably from?A.A dictionary.B.A newspaper.C.A story book.D.A science report.四、英美作家的经典文学作品(略作改写)One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.Iwas looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A

42、 young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watchedthem a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husbands patience for putting upwith her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved t

43、hrough the different rooms of art.Each time I heard herconstant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came nearto the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended

44、itinto a long stick and tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wifes jacket.“Hes a brave man.The clerk at the counter said,Most of us would give up if we were blinded atsuch a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldnt change.So,as before,heand his wife come in whenev

45、er theres a new art show.“But what dose he get out of the art?”I asked,uHe cant see.”“Cant see?Youre wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describeseach painting so he can see it in his head.I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience

46、 of a young wifedescribing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindnessto change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this coruple walk away hand inhand.()16.The young couple were at an art mu s e u m.A.to show their love B.t

47、o appreciate artC.to discuss paintings D.to describe paintings()17.”.1 moved away quickly.in Paragraph 3r shows that the wr i t er.A.was in the hope of visiting more rooms B.was in a hurry tQ buy some giftsC.was tired of the nonstop talking D.was not interested in the art show()18.We can infer from

48、the passage that the h u s b a n d.A.was not bom blind B.couldnt stand his wifeC.knew nothing about art D.completely depended on his wife()19.After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was.A.encouraged B.excited C.toucjied D.annoyed()20.The passage is mainly about.A.the importance of art B.good manners in publicC.patience of a husband D.love between a couple