考研英语阅读模拟.pdf

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1、 模拟考研英语阅读模拟234多项选择Do you want to live forever?By the year 2050,you might actually getyour wish一providing you are willing to leave your biological body andtake up residence in silicon circuits.But long before then,perhaps asearly as 2005,less radical measures will begin offering a semblance ofimmorta

2、lity.R esearchers are confident that technology will soon be able totrack every waking moment of your life.Whatever you see and hear,plusall that you say and write,can be recorded,analyzed and automaticallyindexed,and added to your personal chronices.By the 2030s,it may bepossible to capture your ne

3、rvous systems electrical activities,whichwould also preserve your thoughts and emotions.R esearchers at theLaboratories of British Telecommunications have defined this concept asSoul Catcher.Small electronic equipment will pave the way for Soul Catcher.It would use a wearable supercomputer,perhaps i

4、n a wristwatch,withwireless links to micro sensors under your scalp and in the nerves thatcarry all five sensory signals.So wearing a video camera would no longerbe required.At first,the Soul Catcher，s companion system-the Soul R eader?-might have trouble copying your thought in complete details.Eve

5、n in 2030,we may still be struggling to understand the brain，s internal workings,so reading your thoughts and interpreting your emotions might not bepossible.But these signals could be conserved for the day when they canbe transferred to silicon circuits to rejuvenate minds as everlastingentities.R

6、esearchers can only wonder what it will be like to wake up oneday and find yourself alive inside a machine.For people who chose not to live in silicon,virtualimmortality could still ease the sense of futility that now haunts manypeople.Individuals would know their lives would not be forgotten,butwou

7、ld be preserved as a thread in a multimedia quilt that keeps a permanentrecord of the human race.And future generations would have a much fullerunderstanding of the past.History would not be dominated by just the richand powerful,Hollywood stars,and a few elite thinkers.(349)1.semblance n.外表，伪装2.imm

8、ortality n.不朽,不朽的声名3.chronicle n ,大事记,编年史 v.编人编年史4.preserve=conserve vt.保护，保持，保存，保藏5.rejuvenate vt.使年轻，使复原，使恢复精神，使恢复活力，使更新16.entity n.实体7.futility n.无益，无用，轻浮的言行第1题：The main idea of this passage is thatA.human beings long for an immortal life.B.there are many difficulties in making the Soul Catcher.C

9、.people can live immortally as technology develops.D.the invention of Soul Catcher has great significance.参考答案：C答案解析：C 主旨题。本文主题：随着科技的发展，人类可以实现“永生”。第2题：According to this passage,a Soul Catcher will beA.a new machine on which radical research measures have already made.B.a new invention in order to ca

10、pture and preserve human thoughts.C.made by British scientists to offer a semblance of immortality.D.made of silicon circuits which can index people，s nervous activity.参考答案：B答案解析：B 细节题。文中第二段的倒数第二句给出了 Soul Catcher的定义。即“It maybe possible to capture your nervous systems electrical activities,whichwould

11、 also preserve your thoughts and emotions.”由一个 which 弓I 导的非限制性定语从句表明它是用来获取和保存人类思想的。第3题：We can infer from the text that the appearance of“immortal“life is.A.only a matter of timeB.far from certainC.just an illusionD.a fading hope参考答案：A答案解析：A 推断题。因为文中第二段指出，“R esearchers are confident thattechnology wi

12、ll soon be able to track every waking moment of your life.”科研工作者有信心随着科技发展实现人类的“永恒”生命。2第4题：We learned from the passage thatA.even in 2030,obstacles still exist in reading and interpreting humanthought.B.nowadays people feel angry with the domination of the history byelites.C.by the year 2050,human be

13、ings can lead an everlasting lifebiologically.D.people can only“live in“silicon to get an immortal life.参考答案：A答案解析：A 细节题。文中第四段指出，Even in 2030,we may still be strugglingto understand the brains internal workings,so reading your thoughts andinterpreting your emotions might not be possible.到 2030 年，障碍是

14、依然存在的，所以A正确。文中没有给出B的意思，所以不对。C不是“肉体上”的“永生”，而是一种保存“人类思想”的方式。D与最后一段第一句不符。第5题：The meaning of the word“rejuvenate”in Paragraph 4 is close to.A.deadB.leaveC.predictD.activate参考答案：D答案解析：D 词汇题。rejuvenate出现在这个短语中，to rejuvenate minds aseverlasting entities因为everlasting是永恒的意思，所以要使思想成为永恒rejuvenate由此推断是“使活跃,激活”的

15、意思。By the mid-nineteenth century,the tern“icebox“had entered theAmerican language,but ice was still only beginning to affect the dietof ordinary citizens in the United States.The ice trade grew with thegrowth of cities.Ice was used in hotels and hospitals,and by someforward-looking city dealers in f

16、resh meat,fresh fish,and butter.Afterthe Civil War(18 61-18 65),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars,it also came into household use.Even before 18 8 0,half the ice sold inNew York,Philadelphia,and Baltimore,and one third of that sold in Bostonand Chicago,went to families for their own use.Th

17、is had become possiblebecause a new household convenience,the icebox,a precursor(前身)ofthe modern refrigerator,had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might nowsuppose.In the early nineteenth century,the knowledge of the physics3of heat,which was essential to a science of r

18、efrigeration,wasunderdeveloped.The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one thatprevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken,for it was themelting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevrtheless,early efforts to economize ice included wrappingthe ice in blankets,which kept the ice

19、from doing its job.Not until nearthe end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicatebalance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 18 03,a Maryland farmer,Thomas Moore,had beenon the right track.He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the cit

20、yof Washington,for which the village of Georgetown was the market center.When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market,he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff of hiscompetitors to pay a higher price for his butter,still fresh and hardin neat,one p

21、ound bricks.O ne advantage of his icebox,Moore explained,was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night is orderto keep their produce cool.(351)pass up v.拒绝第6题：What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The influence of ice on the diet.B.The development of refrigeration.C.The transpo

22、rtation of goods to market.D.Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.参考答案：B答案解析：B 主旨题。文章中的几个表示时间概念的介词词组告诉我们，这篇文章讲的是冰箱的发展历程。这几个词组是：by the midnineteenth century,after theCivil War,even before 18 8 9,until near the end of the 19th century.答案为B。第7题：The phrase forward-looking”in Line 3,Para 1 is closest

23、 in meaningto_A.progressiveB.popularC.thriftyD.well-established4参考答案：A答案解析：A 语义题。单 词 forward-looking意 为“向前看的”。此题可用排除法解答：progressive意 为“向前进的”与 forward-looking为近义词，其余各项的词义与此相去甚远。答案为鼠第 8题：According to the passage,which of the following was an obstacle to thedevelopment of the icebox?A.Competition among

24、 the owners of refrigerated freight cars.B.The lack of a network for the distribution of ice.C.The use of insufficient insulation.D.Inadequate understanding of physics.参考答案：D答案解析：D 细节题。第二段第三句说，在 19世纪中，人们普遍认为最好的冰箱就是阻止冰融化的冰箱，这当然是个错误。之所以会有这种错误的观念，是因为当时人们的物理知识很贫乏。答案为D。第 9 题：According to the information

25、in the second paragraph,an ideal iceboxwouldA.completely prevent ice from melting.B.stop air from circulating.C.allow ice to melt slowly.D.use blankets to conserve ice.参考答案：C答案解析：C 推断题。因为 the delicate balance of insulation and circulation neededfor an efficient icebox告诉我们通风的目的是要让冰融化，而绝热是要让它慢慢融化；不融化不

26、行，融化太快也不行，这是一种不太好处理的平衡关系，答案为C。第 10题：The author describes Thomas Moore as having been“on the right track”,toindicate thatA.the road to the market passed close to Moores farm.B.Moore was an honest merchant.C.Moore was a prosperous farmer.D.Moores design was fairly successful.参考答案：D5答案解析：D 语义题。Moore用自己

27、设计的冰箱把黄油送到市场销售，宁可多花钱也要买他的黄油，因为他的黄油保存得好，而别人的黄油很快就融化，没有了新鲜的味道。答案为D。It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts amongdifferent groups of people,and that people tend to blame their misfortuneson some outside other groups for their misfortunes.What are the causesof group prejudice?There see

28、ms to be little doubt that one of theprincipal causes of prejudice is fear：in particular the fear that theinterests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions ofanother.This is less likely to be the case in a stable,relativelyunchanging society in which the members of different socia

29、l andoccupational groups know what to expect of each other,and know what toexpect for themselves.In times of rapid social and economic change,however,new occupations and new social roles appear,and people startlookin?碎？第 11题：Which of the following is NO T the source for prejudice between groups?A.Th

30、e tendency to blame misfortunes on some outside groups.B.Fear of the interests of one，s own group being threatened.C.Longstanding hatreds prevailing between racial and politicalgroups.D.Social forces which encourage unfounded attitudes of hostilitytowards other groups.参考答案：A答案解析：下面哪项不是导致群体之间存有偏见的根源？

31、A把不幸归咎于某些外部群体的倾向。B担心某人自己的群体利益正在受到威胁。C盛行于种族和政治团体之间为时甚久的仇恨。D助长对其他群体没有理由的敌对态度的社会影响力。答案 A 这是一道细节题。文章第一段第三句话指出：人们似乎并不怀疑，产生偏见的一个主要原因是恐惧:尤其担心自己群体的利益将受到另一群体的威胁；这说明B 项之意是根源；文章第二段第二句话指出：其中的一种力量就是教育，我们都知道，可以用这样的方式教孩子们历史,以便种族和政治群体之间的旧仇恨、旧偏见永久化；这说明C 项之意也是根源；文章第二段第一句话指出：一旦存有偏见，就很难阻止其发展，因为社会力量经常起作用-这些力量会积极助长对其他群体没

32、有理由的敌意和恐惧态度；这说明 D 项之意也是根源。文章第一段第一句话指出：不同群体之间的人们不断发生冲突，人们往往把自己遭受不幸的责任归咎于其他群体的不幸，这是一个众所周6知的事实；这说明A 项之意不是根源。第 12题：What does“they in the sentence they tend to measure success by the sizeof their audience”(Para.3)refer to?A.Communications.B.The media of mass communication.C.Commercial enterprises.D.The c

33、ountries.参考答案：D答案解析：句 子“they tend to measure success by the size of-their audiencew（第三段）中 的“they”指的是什么？A思想交流。B大众传播媒体。C商业企业。D那些国家。答案 D 这是一道词义题。题干中的信号词出自于文章第三段第三句话中。文章第三段指出：为什么我们听到的有关群体间关系破裂的例子比关系融洽的例子多得多呢？我认为，部分原因是由于广播电台、电视台以及主流新闻等所导致的思想交流增加的缘故；在那些大众传播媒体商业企业的国家，人们往往把观众的数量作为衡量成功的标准。这说明：该单词指的 应 该 是“国家”

34、。D 项 中 说“Thecountries,这与文章的意思相符。A 项、B 项 和 C 项三项之意都与文章的意思不符。第 13题:According to the author,what role do mass media play in the relationshipsbetween communities?A.They draw the audiences attention to prejudice.B.They cause further social prejudice among audience.C.They criticize prejudices between raci

35、al and political groups.D.They have done something to lessen prejudice between groups.参考答案：B答案解析：根据作者的观点，在群体之间的关系方面，大众媒体起了什么作用？A它们将观众的注意力引向偏见。B它们导致了观众中间进一步的社会偏见。C它们批评种族和政治群体之间的偏见。D它们为减少群体之间的偏见做了一些工作。答案 B 这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为“mass media”，出自于文章第三段第三句话中。文章第三段指出：我们听到的有关群体间关系破裂的例子比关系融洽的例子多得多，这是为什么呢？我认为，部分原因是

36、由于广播电台、电视台以及主流新闻等所导致的思想交流增加的缘故；在那些大众传播媒体商业企业的国家，人们往往把观众的数量作为衡量成功的标准；如果人们的注意力被一些引人注目的、危言耸听的或引起他们不安的事情所吸引，那么他们就更可能购买报纸；新闻媒体的兴旺是建立在“耸人听闻的标题”上的。这说明：作者认为，媒体加深了人们之间的偏见。B 项中说“They7cause further social prejudice among audience”,这与文章的意思相符。文中没有提到A 项和D 项两项之意；C 项之意与文章的意思相反。第 14题：The author stresses in the passa

37、ge that if prejudice between groups isto be reduced,A.efforts should be made to persuade people not to be prejudicedagainst each other.B.education should be carried out to enhance the mutual understandingbetween racial and political groups.C.economic security should be maintained so that there will

38、no fearthat the interests of one group are going to be endangered by the actionsof another.D.public opinion should be directed to the elimination of old hatredsand old prejudices between racial and political groups.参考答案：C答案解析：作者在文中强调：如果希望减少群体之间的偏见，A 应该努力劝告人们不要彼此存有偏见。B 应该实施教育，以便增加种族和政治群体之间的相互了解。C 应该保

39、持经济稳定，以便人们不用担心一个群体的利益会受到另一群体的行为损害。D 应该使公众舆论导向根除种族和政治群体之间的旧仇恨与旧偏见。答案 C 这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为“ifprejudice between groups is to be r e d u c e d,出自于文章最后一段第二句话中。文章最后一段指出：如果经济的安全存在真正或想象的威胁，那么就极有可能引发群体偏见；如果我们希望减少群体之间的偏见，那么记住经济因素就很重要，因为，如果这些群体没有受到公正的对待，那么仅仅劝告人们不要对其他群体存有偏见的做法将没有丝毫用处-如果人们不是把其他群体看成是敌人，就是把他们看成是竞争对手

40、。这说明：经济的安全没有威胁，就可能减少群体之间的偏见。C 项中说 ueconomic security should be maintained so that therewill no fear that the interests of one group are going to be endangeredby the actions of anotherv,这与文章的意思相符。A 项之意明显与文章的意思不符；实施教育是引发群体偏见的作法，所 以 B 项之意也不对；公众舆论也是引发群体偏见的作法，所 以 D 项之意也不对。第 15题：The word“inflame”(Para.4)p

41、robably meansA.add.B.stop.C.calm.D.arouse.参考答案：D答案解析：8单 词“inflame(第四段)可能的意思是 A 增加。B 阻止。C 平息。D 引发。答案 D 这是一道词义题。题干中的信号词出自于文章第四段第一句话中。文章第四段第一句话指出：如果经济的安全存在真正或想象的威胁，那么就极有可能引发群体偏见。这说明：该单词的意思应该 是“引发，导致”。D 项 中 说“arouse”,这与文章的意思相符。A 项之意与文章的意思不符；B 项和C 项两项之意与文章的意思相反。Do women tend to devalue the worth of their

42、 work?Do they applydifferent standards to rewarding their own work than they do to rewardingthe work of others?These were the questions asked by Michigan StateUniversity psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan Levy.Pastexperiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to

43、pay themselves and other people for the same job,they paid themselvesless.Following up on this finding,Messe and Callahan Levy designedexperiments to test several popular explanations of why women tend toshortchange themselves in pay situations.O ne theory the psychologists tested was that women jud

44、ge theirown work more harshly than that of others.The subjects for the experimenttesting this theory were men and women recruited from the Michigan Stateundergraduate student body.The job the subjects were asked to performfor pay was an opinion questionnaire requiring a number of short essayson camp

45、us-related issue.After completing the questionnaire,somesubjects were given six dollars in bills and change and were asked todecide payment for themselves.O thers were given the same amount and wereasked to decide payment for another subject who had also completed thequestionnaire.The psychologists

46、found that,as in earlier experiments,thewomen paid themselves less than the men paid themselves.They also foundthat the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and lessthan the men paid the women.The differences were substantial.The averagepaid to women by themselves was$2.97.The avera

47、ge paid to men bythemselves was$4.06.The average paid to women by others was$4.37.Inspite of the differences,the psychologists found that the men and thewomen in the experiment evaluated their own performances on thequestionnaire about equally and better than the expected performances ofothers.O n t

48、he basis of these findings,Messe and Callahan Levy concludedthat women，s attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to theirwork can,t be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability.Perhaps,the psychologists postulated,women see less of a connection thanmen do between their work(even

49、 when it is superior)and their pay becausethey are relatively indifferent to receiving money for their work.9第 16题：The work of Messe and Callahan Levy tends to weaken the notion thatA.women are generally less concerned with financial rewards for theirwork than men are.B.men are willing to pay women

50、more than women are willing to paythemselves.C.payment for work should generally be directly related to the qualityof the work.D.women judge their own work more critically than they judge the workof men.参考答案：D答案解析：迈斯与加勒汉 莱维所做的实验趋向于淡化这种观念：A 与男性相比，女性普遍更少关心她们工作的经济报酬。B 男性愿意支付给女性的报酬比女性愿意支付给自己的报酬多。C 工作报酬一