考研英语阅读题源.pdf

《考研英语阅读题源.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语阅读题源.pdf（61页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、目录社会类LAS the Waters Rise.12.A Case of Gender Biues.43.Making Your Grass Greener.74.Abdicate and Capitulate.10文教类S.Capital of Culture.146.Mystery Man.167.Girls Going Mild(er).208Whos a Nerd,Anyway?.23经济类9.A Matter of Sovereignty.2710.Word on the Street.3011.Worth a Lot,but Are They Worth It?.33科技类12.

2、1s Snuppy the Puppy for Real?.3713.Whos the Smart Sibing?.3914.Alloy Holds Out Promise of Speedier Memory Chip.43健康类15.Lest We Forget or Lest We Remember?.4616.Hollywood*s Smoke Alarm.4917.Cancer and Staying Fit.5318.Teaching Doctors to Teach Patients about Lifestyle.57From The EconomistSept.27,2007

3、1.AS the Waters RiseAs world leaders met to discuss climate change at the United Nations this week,protestersoutside seemed unconvinced that drowning islands and expanding deserts were the planesbiggest woe.Latin Americans lamented the imperialism of the United States.Vietnamese withBuddhist flags d

4、ecried their govermnent*s impiety,while emigres from Iran deplored their rulers*religious fervour.Inside the building,concerns were almost as diffuse.Some thought the most pressingaspect of climate change was rising sea levels;others,the growing intensity of storms anddroughts;and others the spread

5、of pests and diseases.Many poor countries felt more money wasneeded to address the problem;rich ones fretted about a lack of political will and popularenthusiasm.South Africa wanted more mainstreaming of women and youth.Boliviaspresident,Evo Morales,called capitalism the“worst enemy”,A sheikh from t

6、he United ArabEmirates said too vigorous a response to global warming could wreck oil-dependent economies.And President George Bush,not content with the UN event,held his own meeting on climatechange on September 27th.In theory,both his gathering and the UN one aimed to foster debate about a success

7、or to theKyoto protocol the UNs existing treaty on climate change,which expires in 2012.But therhetoric surrounding the two deliberations was very different.At the UN meeting,almost everyleader spoke of common but differentiated responsibilities-jargon for the idea that richcountries must cut their

8、emissions of greenhouse gases,while poor ones carry on as normalunless the rich world pays for them to clean up their act.The White House affair,meanwhile,focused on disseminating green technology.The implicit message was that binding emissionstargets are counter-productive,and that any solution mus

9、t involve poor countries as well as richones.Yvo de Boer,head of the agency that oversees Kyoto and its precursor,the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change,says the gulf between America and the rest is lesswide than it appears.Although Mr.Bush is not yet ready to contemplate a binding

10、 internationaltreaty that would limit greenhouse-gas emissions,he does advocate policies that could help trimAmericas emissions.As it is,states representing over half of Americas emissions have pledgedcuts of some kind.Congress,meanwhile,is contemplating several bills that would impose anational cap

11、.Australia,the other rich country that rejected Kyoto,is also working on anemissions-reduction plan.Poor countries,for the most part,are still refusing to accept any targets of their own.Theyargue that rich countries have not made enough use of the Clean DevelopmentMechanism(CDM),a scheme under Kyot

12、o that lets countries with emissions-reduction targetsmeet them in part through projects in poor countries.Cubas foreign minister,fbr one,dismissedrich countries efforts to date as modestisimo:he questioned the moral authority of leaders likeMr.Bush.India merely vowed that its emissions per head wou

13、ld never exceed the level of richcountries,a formula that still permits enormous growth.-1-But a few developing countries hinted at a more flexible stance.Mexico suggested tying theaid given to poor countries through programmes like the CDM to their efforts to combat climatechange.Indonesias preside

14、nt,amid more talk of differentiated responsibilities1,said allcountries should take on bigger burdens,and told fellow leaders to think outside the box.There was much discussion-albeit mostly on the sidelines of poor countries taking on targetsfor emissions per head,or per unit of output in certain i

15、ndustries.All this hints at the shape of things to come.America and Australia can probably be enticedto limit emissions,especially if,as expected,both get new governments in the next year or two.But the oversight and administration of such a deal might be looser than under Kyoto,givenAmericas suspic

16、ion of global bureaucrats.Poor countries might he induced to take on targets ofsome sort,albeit of a less exacting sort than the straight emissions cuts faced by rich countries.But forging such a deal could take an age:neither America nor the UN expect any conclusionbefore late 2008.Perhaps those lo

17、w-lying islands should not count on staying dry.词汇注解重点单词unconvinced/,O无 vinst/【文中释义】adj.不信服的【大纲全义】adj.不信服的漫无边际的;四散的，弥散的diffuse/difju:z/【文中释义】adj.散开的，弥漫的【大纲全义】V.扩散；传 播 adj.（文章等）冗长的，intensity/intensiti/【文中释义】n.强烈，剧烈【大纲全义】n.强烈，剧烈；强度drought/draut/【文中牌义】n.干旱【大纲全义】n.旱灾，干早fret/fret/【文中释义】v.烦恼，不满【大纲全义】n.烦躁，

18、磨损，焦 急 V.烦恼，不满，磨损expire/ikspaia/【文中释义】v 期满，失效，终止【大纲全义】v.期满，失效，（期限）终止;呼气;断气，死亡deliberation/dijibsrejsn/【文中释义】n.熟虑，熟思【大纲全义】n.熟虑，熟思，协议implicit/implisit/【文中释义】adj.暗示的，含蓄的，不讲明的【大纲全义】adj.含蓄的;（in）固有的;无疑问的;绝对的contemplate/kDntempleit/【文中释义】v.注视，沉思，打算【大纲全义】v.盘算，计议;周密考虑;注视，凝视-2-bind/baind/【文中释义】V.绑，约束【大纲全义】V.捆

19、，绑，约束，包括，束缚；装订；使结合treaty/tri:ti/【文中释义】n.条约，协定【大纲全义】n.条约，协议，协商reject/ridsekt/【文中释义】v.拒绝，驳回【大纲全义】v.拒绝，抵制，丢弃，排斥，退掉n.落选者，被拒贷品dismiss/dismis/【文中释义】v.解散，开除【大纲全义】V.免职，解雇，开除，解散;驳回，不受理vow/vau/【文中释义】V.立誓，起誓要，郑重地宣布【大纲全义】n.元音，元音字母V.立誓，起誓要，郑重地宣布formula/fD:mjul9/【文中释义】n.客套语，公式，准则【大纲全义】n.公式;规则；分子式；药方超纲单词impiety n.

20、无信抑，无信心，不虔诚sheikh n.阿拉伯首长（族长）differentiate v.区 另 差 别albeit conj.虽 然（即使）fervour n.热 情（白热状态）rhetoric adj花言巧语的precursor n.先驱者，前导，先进者重点段落译文本周，当世界各国领导人在联合国总部会聚一堂，探讨气候变化的问题时，大楼外的抗议者并未把岛屿被淹和沙漠扩张视为这个星球上最大的不幸：拉丁美洲的人民抱怨美国的帝国主义政策；越南的僧侣们痛斥他们政府对宗教的亵渎；来自伊朗的移民谴责伊朗当局的宗教狂热。联合国总部大楼内，不同的国家、不同的民族关心的问题也各不相同。一些国家认为当前最紧迫的

21、问题是气候变化引起的海平面上升；有的国家认为是旱涝灾害的加剧；还有的认为是虫害和疾病的传播。许多贫困国家觉得他们需要获得更多的资金以解决问题；发达国家对国民普遍缺乏政治热情而焦虑不已；南非要求允许更多妇女和年轻人回归主流；玻利维亚总统伊莫拉莱斯声称资本主义才是罪魁祸首；一位阿拉伯联合酋长国的酋长说对全球气候变暖的过分关注可能切断石油大国的经济命脉。而布什总统则无视联合国的事务，于 9 月 2 7 日在白宫召开了有关环境变化的会议。从理论上来讲，不论是布什的小会还是联合国大会，都是为寻求 京都协议的后继条约而努力，联合国有关环境变化的现有条例将在2012年失效。但是，两个会议所高谈阔论的重点又是

22、截然不同的。联合国大会上，大多数国家领导人都主张国际法所确立的 共同而有区别的责任”原则，这一原则规定发达国家必须减少温室气体的排放量，发展中国-3-家维持现有的排放量，除非发达国家为他们的排放量买单。与此同时，白宫将主要问题放在绿色环保技术的推广上，也就是说，白宫认为在减排问题上如果将发达国家与发展中国家区别对待，效果只会适得其反。无论采取什么方法解决，对发达国家和发展中国家应该一视同仁。据京都议定书的监督者，联合国气候变化框架协议秘书处执行秘书伊弗 德布尔介绍，在温室气体的减排这一问题上，美国正在缩小与其他国家的差距。虽然布什尚未考虑制定一项限制温室气体排放的国际性公约，但他已同意采取措施

23、削减美国的排放量，事实也的确如此，美国有一半以上的州已经做出减排及其他措施的保证。同时美国国会也正考虑设立议案限制温室气体的排放。如 反 对 京都协议的其他一些发达国家，如澳大利亚也正在建立一个减少温室气体排放的计划。大部分发展中国家仍然拒绝他们的减排义务，他们认为发达国家并未完全遵守 京都协议的清洁发展机制，这项机制允许一些国家为了符合减排要求，在发展中国家设厂投资。例如，古巴外交部长对发达国家的努力不以为然，他认为那是微不足道的，他对布什等一些所谓的道德政府表示质疑。印度领导人仅仅承诺他们的人均排放量绝不会超过发达国家，这就使印度未来排放量的大幅增长合理化了。From NewsweekBy

24、 Lynn Waddell andArian Campo-FloresMar.12,20072.A Case of Gender BluesAfter a lifetime of agonizing over his gender identity,Steven Stanton decided to become awoman about two years ago.It wasnt something I wanted to do,“says Stanton,48,the citymanager of Largo,Fla.uIt was something I had to do.He st

25、arted hormonal therapy,graduallyshedding body hair and losing muscle mass.He began to feel breast pain when he went jogging-a problem he remedied by following a doctors recommendation to wear a sports bra.On tripsaway from home,he began venturing out dressed as a woman.Although he confided all this

26、tohis wife and a small circle of friends,he knew that one day hed have to tell the townspeople heserved.So he prepared meticulously for that moment一aiming for May,when his 13-year-oldson would be awayand created a detailed eight-page plan.nWhen you tell somebody this,itsdevastating,he says.It is lik

27、e an element of betrayal.Stanton*s plan foundered two weeks ago when the St.Petersburg Times published an articleabout his plans for a sex change.In the ensuing upheaval,church leaders condemned him andangry residents demanded his ouster.At a tumultuous meeting last Tuesday,city commissionersvoted 5

28、-2 to begin the process of firing Stanton,who has received mostly solid reviews in 14years as city manager.I do not feel he has the integrity,nor the trust,nor the respect,nor theconfidence to continue,said Commissioner Mary Gray Black.Now on paid administrativeleave,Stanton has until Tuesday to dec

29、ide whether to appeal.Civil rights and transgender groupshave rushed to his defense,Ifs been a long time since Ive seen that degree of just flagrantdiscrimination,H says Karen Doering,senior counsel for the National Center for Lesbian Rightsand now Stantons lawyer.Stanton has struggled with his iden

30、tity since he was a child.He used to try on his sisters-4-dresses and continued accumulating womens clothes over the years.When he married in 1990,he hoped to stifle his yearnings and eventually tried counseling.But you go and try to getfixed,*he said at last weeks commission meeting,and you learn y

31、ou cant get fixed.In 2003,while city leaders were debating a human-rights ordinance that would protect transsexuals,thethen Commissioner Pat Burke criticized Stanton for not lobbying hard enough for the measure(itdidnt end up passing,but the town did adopt an internal policy barring discrimination o

32、n thebasis of gender identity).Stanton,who was possibly wary of accusations of favoritism,responded by confiding his secret to Burke,when he showed her photos of himself in drag,shelaughed affectionately and offered him fashion tips.It was a light dress,and it didnt work.shesays.Stantons case comes

33、at a time when the transgender community is gaining acceptance.There*s a growing trend among mental-health professionals to get the social environment toadapt to the person rather than force the person to conform to gender stereotypes,sayspsychiatrist Jack Drescher.Federal civil-rights law offers no

34、 explicit protection for transgenderworkers,but eight states(not including Florida)and the District of Columbia do.In the corporateworld,122 of the Fortune 500 companies now have no discrimination policies that includegender identity,according to the Human Rights Campaign.Yet Stantons experience sho

35、ws the limits of such acceptance.The Largo city commissioncould vote to finalize his firing as early as Tuesday.Stanton,who initially refused to take legalaction,is now contemplating it.I never anticipated so many people calling up from thecommunity saying,Please,promise me that youll fight this.As

36、Stanton told his son,Beingcourageous is being willing to stand when others are willing to sit After years of battlinghimself,perhaps hes ready to take on a broaden struggle.词汇注解重点单词agonize/aegsnaiz/【文中释义】v.挣扎【大纲全文】v.(使)极度痛苦，折 磨，挣扎shed/Jed/【文中释义】v.脱落【大纲全文】V.流出；散发，散 发，脱落，脱去n.棚屋，小屋remedy/remidi/【文中释义】v

37、 i.治疗【大纲全文】n 药品;治疗措施;补救方法;纠正方法;消除方法;补尝,赔偿，法律补救方法v.治疗，医治；纠正，补救betrayal/bitreial/【文中释义】n.辜负，出卖【大纲全文】n 背叛，暴露condemn/ka ndem/【文中释义】v.谴责-5-【大纲全文】V.谴责，指责；判刑，宣告有罪integrity/integriti/【文中释义】n.正直，诚实【大纲全文】n.正直，诚实;完整，完全administrative/administrativ/【文中释义】adj行政的，【大纲全文】adj.行政的，管理的defense/difens/【文中释义】n.挥卫，辫护【大纲全义】

38、n.防卫，防卫物acceptance/akseptans/【文中释义】n.认可，接受【大纲全义】n.接受，接收，验收，接纳;承认认可;认可，欢迎explicit/iksplisit/【文中释义】adj显然的，明确的【大纲全义】adj.详述的，明确的;坦率的；显然的contemplate/kDntempleit/【文中释义】vt.打算【大纲全义】v.注视，沉思，打算超纲单词hormonal adj.时荷尔蒙的，激素的townspeople n.市民，镇民tumultuous adj.乱哄哄的，喧哗的flagrant adj非常的，不能容忍的confide v.吐露，信托，信赖upheaval n

39、.举起，隆起，大变动finalize v.使结束，使完结重点段落译文,在经过对自己性别特性一生的痛苦挣扎后，现 年 4 8 岁的佛罗里达州拉哥市执行长斯蒂芬士丹顿在大约两年前决定变成一名女性。他说：“我也不想这么做，但我不得不这么做。”然后，他开始接受激素治疗，身上的体毛逐渐脱落，成块的肌肉也逐渐消失。当他慢跑时开始感到胸部疼痛一他听从了医生的建议，穿上了运动文胸，这个问题才得以解决。出门在外时，他开始尝试穿成女性的样子。尽管他把这一切告诉了妻子和一小部分朋友，但是他知道终有一天他不得不把这些告诉他所服务的市民。于是他为这一刻做了精心准备一时间选在5 月份，他 13岁的儿子恰好不在一制作了一份

40、长达8 页的详细计划。“告诉别人这些是会产生相当大的反响的，”他说：“这有些像某种程度的背叛。”两周前，当 圣彼得堡时报发表了一篇关于士丹顿变性计划的文章时，他的计划失败了。在接下来的事情变化中，教堂领导人谴责他，愤怒的居民也要求将他驱逐出境。在上周二乱哄哄的会议上，城市委员会成员以5 比 2 的选票表决决定解雇士丹顿，尽管他在担任市执行长的连续14年间受到了很多好评。委员会成员玛丽格 利 布莱克说：“我认为他没有诚实，不可信，没有受人尊敬的品格，也没有继续留任的信心。”虽然面临着行政职务被解雇的处罚，但是士丹顿直到周二才决定是否要上诉。而民权和跨性别团体都去为他辩护。同性恋权益中心的高级辩护

41、律师、士丹顿现在的律师凯伦。多林说：“很久以前-6-我就注意到了这种不能容忍的歧视J士丹顿变性事件正好发生在变性团体逐步得到人们认可的时期。精神病医师杰克德雷舍说:“心理健康专业人士越来越倾向于想让社会适应像士丹顿这样的人，而不是强迫他们去遵从原本固有性别 虽然联邦民权法律没有为变性人提供明确的保护，但 是 有 8 个州（不包括佛罗里达）和哥伦比亚地区却提供了该项保护。根据人权运动，企业界中的财富500强中，有 122家现今没有包括性别在内的歧视政策。然而士丹顿的变性事件披露了社会对变性认同的局限性.拉哥市委员会最早可以在周二通过选举来决定士丹顿的去留。最初不愿采取法律措施的士丹顿如今正在考虑

42、阶段。“我没料到团体里会有这么多人打电话给我 请答应我你要继续战斗下去正如士丹顿对儿子所说的那样：“勇敢就是当其他人想坐着的时候而你愿意站着J经过几年的自我斗争，也许士丹顿已经决定进行一场更广泛的斗争。From NewsweekBy Jane Bryant QuinnDec.4,20063.Making Your Grass GreenerKermit the frog should love it.Everybody wants to be green.Now it*s the real-estateindustry,out to save energy,save the planet an

43、d save money for their clients.With only a littleeffort,you can find green brokers,green homes,green contractors,even green mortgages.Topthat off with green tax credits and you,too,might acquire a tint.Commerce follows the Zeitgeist.Some greenies are moved by conscience,others by fearsof rising ener

44、gy costs.In numbers,theyYe still a niche market,but their influence is pushing intothe mainstream.Heres where the green grass grows:Real-estate firms.What happens when they go green?First,they advertise as pro-planet,toattract like-minded clients and stand out from the crowd.Second,theyre up on your

45、 issues:howto cut energy bills,find tax breaks or state grants for green remodeling,qualify for a greenmortgage(more on this below)and connect with sympathetic architects and contractors.Theres even a new designation-EcoBroker-for agents and brokers who take special onlinecourses in environmental an

46、d energy issues.So far,nearly 250 people have qualified in 38 states,the District of Columbia and parts of Canada(listings at ).Some 500 more are inthe pipeline.If energy prices keep rising,youll see a stampede.Ecobuilders.Various labeling programs exist for new houses built with energy savings inmi

47、nd:Energy Star Home,Built Green,Build It Green and so on.To qualify,they have to bemore efficient than homes built to ordinary building codes.You can expect tight construction,superior insulation,advanced heating and cooling equipment,high-performance windows,goodventilation and-for those who go fur

48、ther-recycled components and building materialscontaining fewer chemicals and less glue.More than 10 percent of new homes last year werelabeled Energy Star,says Steve Baden,head of the Residential Energy Services Network(RESNET).And theyYe not just high-end.John Beldock,EcoBrokefs CEO,says that gree

49、nresidential building now teaches almost every price range.Existing homes are getting greener,too.To help with energy improvements,your stare mayoffer low-interest loans or grants.State and federal tax credits are on the table.To find a green-7-builder or remodeler,click on Partner List1 at energyst

50、ar.gov,Also,put Hbuild green*and thename of your state into a search engine and see what comes up.Home energy ratings.Your utility may offer free or low-cost energy audits to suggest waysof cutting your heating and cooling bills.For more formal audits,green builders and lenders areturning to certifi