2019年中考英语阅读理解高分策略含解析.pdf

《2019年中考英语阅读理解高分策略含解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019年中考英语阅读理解高分策略含解析.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2019年中考英语阅读理解高分策略（名师精剖析解题技巧与方法+实战练习，值得下载练习）一、解题技巧一、初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求：1 .能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。2.能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%o3.阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。（二）中考阅读理解的考点1 .文章的话题一略读文章，领会文章大意的题2.文章的中心题一归纳，概括的能力3.文章的细节一扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。4.文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论5.生词词意，猜词一对生词词意的判断能力（三）中考阅读理解考察的文体1 .记叙文

2、一抓住人物，地 点，时间，情节发展线索。2.说明文一要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。（四）解题思路与技巧第一步，快速阅读短文；通读测试题，明确考直点。先 读 题，明确题目要求，弄清考点，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法在英语中称为scanning,就是寻读。快速阅读一遍弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者写此篇文章的目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续通读全文,切忌长时间死扣生词，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测含义。第 二 步，认真逐题作答。看

3、完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后马上看后面的问题，带着问题去找答案。如果属于客观信息题，就可直接在短文中找到出处。如果是主观判断题，则应迅速再读全文，仔细分析思考，将近似的答案对照原文反复比较，推 敲，选出最佳答案。第 三 步，仔细校对所选答案。做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有拿不定主意的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据,方可更正。二.阅读理解题型及解题技巧做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览 问 题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后

4、难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。（-）主旨题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。（二）细节题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。（三）推断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的

5、推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复 比 较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。（四）猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下 文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如 because,as,since,for,so,th

6、us,as a result,of course,therefore 等等）表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that,for it wasnt his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是“责备2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或 or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Man has knownsomething about the planets Ven

7、us,Mars,and Jupiter with the help ofspaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but,while,however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根据 not at all.handsome 我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词

8、在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例 如：But sometimes,no rain falls for a long Jong time.Then thereis a dry period,or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见drought意思为 久旱，旱灾。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系

9、常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called 或破折号等来表K。5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kindof fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是 生 词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出 pineapples,coconuts 和 bananas,oranges 是同类关系，同属 fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词

10、描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例 如：The penguin is akind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funnyway.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。二、【真题实战训练】A（2019中考选练）Disasters happen al

11、l the time somewhere in the world.Are you ready if one hits yourneighborhood next week?Find out what you need to do now before it is too late.Lets take anearthquake for example.During an earthquake,get under a strong object like the kitchen table.Don?t leave the buildingduring the shaking,or you mig

12、ht be hurt by falling objects from the outside of the building.When you are in bed during the night and an earthquake happens,simply roll off the bed.Therewill be a safe void around the bed.If you are watching TV and you cannot easily run away by getting out through the door orwindow,then lie down a

13、nd curl up（蜷伏）next to a sofa,or a large chair.Never go to the stairs.The stairs are likely part of the building to be broken.Even if the stairsare not destroyed by the earthquake,they may fall down later when people run down.Try to get into an open area away from trees,buildings,walls,advertisement

14、boards and powerlines if you are outdoors.If you are driving when an earthquake suddenly happens,just stay in your car until the shakingends.However,if the footbridge falls and breaks your car,get out of it and sit or lie next to it.Allthe broken cars have voids 3 feet high next to it.1.What should

15、you do if you are in a building when an earthquake happens?A.Rush out quickly B.Sit in the kitchenC.Stay below strong objects D.Go down the stairs2.The underlined word void in Paragraph 3 meansA.space B.seat C.distance D.sign3.When you are outdoors during an earthquake,you should go to.4.If you are

16、inside a car when there is a sudden earthquake,you s h o u l d.A.get out of it B.keep inside it C.move away fast D.stay under the footbridge参考答案ic 2A 3D 4B【实战训练】B2016中考英语阅读理解分类练习：广告布告类Spanish BalletThe Spanish National Ballet will tour our city and its classical programs will be shown in Beijing.Tim

17、e：7：30pm,May 2 May 3 Place：Chaoyang Theatre,36 Dongsanhuan Beilu,ChaoyangDisdrictTicket：120yuan for an adult;80 yuan for a child under 12 Tel：6506-8116Chinese OperaA new production of Kunqu Opera(a traditional Chinese opera in east Chinas JiangsuProvince)is now on in Beijing.Time：8：00pm,May 5 Place：

18、Tianqiao Theatre,30 Beiweilu,Xuanwu DistrictTicket：120yuan each person Tel：8315-6300Wonderful ConcertMusicians of the China National Symphony Orchestra(中国国家交响乐团)will hold a concertin Beijing.We can enjoy Mozarts Flute Concerto in C major,Haydns Trumpet Concerto andworks by the Chinese composer Chen

19、Qigang Ticket：240yuan for an adult;180yuan for a childunder 12Time：7：30 pm,May 6 Place：Poly Theatre,14 Dongzhimen Nandajie,Dongcheng DistrictTel：6500-1188【小题 1 】If Li Dong is free on the evening of May2,she can e n j o y.A.Spanish Ballet B.Chinese OperaC.Haydns Trumpet Concerto【小题 2】Li Dongs grandpa

20、 is a fan of Chinese Opera.He will probably go to_ to enjoyhimself.A.Poly TheatreB.Tianqiao TheatreC.Chaoyang Theatre【小题 3】The Smiths and their 19-year-old daughter will go to the concert.They need topay_ for it.A.720yuan B.660yuan C.320yuan 小题 4 Jane wants to enjoy Mozarts music.She can call at _ t

21、o book a ticket.A.6506-8116 B.8315-6300 C.6500-1188 小题 5 You can enjoy all the entertainment in the city ofA.Beijing B.Tianjin C.Nanjing【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】A【实战训练】CCan you imagine a world without the Internet?Its surprising to think about it.Now,China has more than 162 million Internet

22、users,according to the China Internet NetworkInformation Centre.This is the second highest number of user in the world after the United States.Today,66%of Chinese“netizens(网 民)are teenagers.They spend about thirteen hours everyweek online,said Qian Hulin,an Internet expert(专家).Doctor Song in Beijing

23、 Xuanwu Hospitalsaid about 14%of Chinese netizens who are teens often lasted over ten hours to play online games.The main reasons why teenagers surf the Web are to search for information,to communicate withothers and to have fun.On the Internet,teenagers can find out almost anything.And surfing theW

24、eb can help students with their homework and widen their knowledge.Li Dong,a teacher at No.41 Middle School in Shijiazhuang,likes her students to use the Internet.“When we talk in class,students who surf the Net usually know more background information thanthe others/5 she said.In addition,people ca

25、n use the Internet to write letters or stories and send emails.Many teens keepin touch with their friends online.It is cheaper than phoning somebody far away and also muchquicker.()6.has the most Internet users in the world according to the article.A.China B.America C.Canada D.Russia()7.There are ab

26、out Chinese netizens to surf about 13 hours every week.A.107 million old B.22.7 million old C.107 million young D.22.7 million young（）8.Song said some teenagers continued more than ten hours.A.playing online games B.searching for informationC.chatting with their friends D.sending emails to others（）9

27、.Li Dong in No.41 Middle School likes her students to use the Internet because she.A.thinks surfing the net can help students spend less time on homeworkB.thinks her students can get more background information than the othersC.wants her students to talk to her about their hobbies and interestsD.wan

28、ts to know what her students do and think about at home（）10.Which way is the cheapest and quickest to learn something about friends far away?A.Giving them a call.B.Going to see them.C.Writing a letter to them.D.Sending emails to them.阅读理解6 10BCABD【实战训练】D（2019中考选练）Answers to life can be found in ever

29、yday events.Watching nature,watching people and watchinganimals communicate with each other provide some of the simplest ways to lifes biggest problems.This became clearer to me yesterday.It caused me to ask myself,“How do I respond（反应）to thestorms in life?”People usually run when it starts to rain.

30、I love to walk in it,stand on my front door and feel it.Igrew up doing it and have never really felt the fear many people do.The animal world senses changes in the weather far earlier than humans.My dog,Ricky,begins toshake long before the storm is close enough to be noticed.I was about to feed my t

31、hree dogsyesterday and as usual,I let them out in the yard first.They didnt move when thunder cameacross the skies.So I placed their food in their bowls and called Ricky into the kitchen.Ricky was just standing there in place next to his bowl.The thunder became louder,which forcedhim to stop eating

32、his meal.Then I watched Phil.He made his way across the kitchen floor andstood over Rickys bowl.He ate all the remaining food.Generally,if Ricky was standing there,hewouldnt dare（敢）come close.But today,he took advantage（优势）of the storm and got what hewanted.His hope for the prize outweighed（月 生 过）hi

33、s fear of the storm.Thats when it hit me.As men,we face all kinds of storms.They come in unannounced.Sometimeswe stay in a comer or under the blankets,hoping it will all pass.However,if you dare put your headout,youll discover there5re people doing what they must to get what they must have out of li

34、fe.Isnt it time you decided to take advantage of the stomi?1.According to the writer,answers to l i fe.2.From the passage we can learn that the writerA.are difficult to findB.lie around usC.are simple to understandD.make people become fearlessA.enjoys the rainB.fears thunderC.hates the stormD.cares

35、little about the weather3.According to the passage,what hit the writer most?A.Phil wasnt afraid of the storm.B.Ricky stopped eating food.C.Phil ate the rest of Rickys food.D.Ricky sensed the storm earlier than he.4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Find out Answers to LifeB.Take Advanta

36、ge of the StormC.Stop Storms in our Daily Life参考答案IB 2A 3C 4BD.Pay Attention to Everyday Events【实战训练】E（2019中考训练题）There are two mice.They are called Bill and Paul.They are good friends.One mouse lives in thecountry;the other mouse lives in the city.On a sunny day they meet in the street.Paul:Hi,Bill!

37、Have a look at my house in the country.Tm sure you can enjoy yourself.Bill:rd love to.But I hear that the food is not delicious,and your house is not good.Is it so?Paul:No,thafs not true.Go and see!Then Bill goes to the countryside with Paul.Bill:Why do you live in a hole in the field?You should com

38、e and live in the city.You would live ina nice house made of stone.You would have better food to eat.You must come and see me at myhouse in the city.Paul:Thanks!Maybe you are right.Til visit your house one day._days later Paul goes to Bills house in the city.The house is big and beautiful.They are s

39、ittingin the sitting-room,having a big dinner comfortably.Suddenly,there a great noise.Bill:Run!Run!The cat is coming!Paul:Oh,no!Ifs terrible!Both the house and the food are nice,but I do not like living in the city.Ienjoy living in my hole in the field,for it is nice to be poor but happy than to be

40、 rich but afraid.1.What the relationship between Bill and Paul?A.They are friends.B.They are relatives.C.They are brothers.D.They are neighbors.2.Where does Bill live?A.In the hole.B.In the country.C.In the city.D.In the field.3.What does the underlined word several mean?A.Few.B.A few.C.A little.D.M

41、any4.Why does Paul hate living in the city?A.Because he likes to be rich.B.Because he likes to be poor.C.Because the house in the city is big and beautiful.D.Because he enjoys happiness.5.Which is the best title?A.The City Mouse and the Country MouseB.Two friendsC.Two Beautiful MiceD.The Country and

42、 they City试题分析：短文大意：被称为比尔和保罗两只老鼠是好朋友。保罗住在乡村；比尔住在城里。在一个晴朗的天，他们在街上遇见。比尔邀请保罗到城里去住。几天后保罗去了城里的比尔的房子。但他不喜欢。因为保罗觉得住在田野的洞里虽很贫穷但是快乐，而住在城市虽富有但害怕。1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中 There are two mice.They are called Bill and Paul.They are goodfriends.可知比尔和保罗是好朋友。所以该选A。2.C 细节理解题。根据文中 Bill:Why do you live in a hole in the field?Y

43、ou should come and livein the city.You would live in a nice house made of stone.You would have better food to eat.Youmust come and see me at my house in the city.可知比尔住在城市里，所以该选C。3.B 词义猜测题。根据上文描述比尔邀请保罗去城市居住一事可知这是儿天后保罗应邀去了城里的比尔的房子，所以该选B。4.D 细节理解题。根据文中 I enjoy living in my hole in the field,for it is nice to be poor but happythan to be rich but afraid.可知保罗不喜欢住在城市因为住在田野的洞里虽很贫穷但是快乐，而住在城市虽富有但害怕。所以选该选D。5.A 标题归纳题。根据该文描述了一只城市老鼠和一只乡下老鼠的故事可知该选Ao【考点定位】故事类阅读。