高考时态和语态考点讲义练习--2023届高考英语一轮复习.pdf

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1、高考脐舞Dig态考点讲与练语法填空中对时态和语态的考查短文语法填空的设空方式一般有两种：自由填空和提示填空。对时态和语态的考查一般采用提示填空的方式。下面以实例解析该题型中时态和语态考点(同时考查时态和语态的小题归入时态类讲解)。1.对时态的考查。【例 1 】The giant panda 61(love)by people throughout the world.解析：is lovedo考查一般现在时的被动语态。文章首句陈述大熊猫为人所喜爱，是现在的事实，故用一般现在时；主语the giant panda”是动词love的承受者，句中由by引出动作的执行者，是明显的被动语态提示词。【例 2

2、】Then,after two and a half years,the mother 69(drive)theyoung panda away.解析：droveo句中的时间状语after two and a half years是过去时的明显提示语。例 3 Then it hit me-why would she not want to tell me about what she28(do)?解析：had done。考查过去完成时。文章叙述了一位母亲将食物拿去难民营分给孩子们的故事。时间基调是过去时，该句“我”质疑母亲为何不愿把她的善举告知自己，根据语境可知，用过去完成时。【例 4】In

3、recent years,stress 33(regard)as a cause of a whole rangeof medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness.解析：has been regardedo考查现在完成时的被动语态。文章是说明文，介绍一定范围内的压力能促进工作，但压力过大就会给生活带来负面影响。该句中的in recent years是现在完成时的标志性状语，且根据短语regard sthas.(认为某物是.)的含义可知，此处主语stress是动作的承受者，故用被动语态。2.对语态的考查。【例 5】Tru

4、ly elegant chopsticks might 42（make）of gold and silverwith Chinese characters.（全国 III 卷）解析：be madeo考查被动语态。此处主语chopsticks是动作make的承受者。短文改错中对时态和语态的考查1.对时态的考查。【例 1】I thought that it is a good idea.（改错题）解析：根据句子结果可知，句子的主句与从句的时态相互矛盾，主句谓语动词用过去式时，除非从句所涉及内容为不受时间限制的客观存在，否则不可能用一般现在时。根据本文语境可知，全文的时态基调是现在时，故将thoug

5、ht改为thinko【例 2】Some people even had to wait outside.（改错题）解析：文章介绍叔叔的饭店，时态基调是现在时，故根据语境可知，需要将had 改为 have。例 3 They always tell me what to do and how to do it.（改错题）解析：always作为频度副词，多与一般现在时连用，同时也与一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时等时态连用，表示不同的含义。作者回顾了自己的teenage years,意味着时态基调为过去时，故将tell改为told。【例 4】We get up early

6、in the morning.（改错题）解析：文章记叙母亲节这天“我”和爸爸一起做家务的经过，其时态基调是过去畤，in the morning即指母亲节这天早晨，故 将get改为got。【例 5】While they chat,my father would lift my sister and me up to sit inthe top of the fridge.（改错题）解析：文章回顾了“我”在年幼时爸爸的一个惯常做法，时态基调为过去时。该句的主句与从句的时态相互矛盾，根据本文语境可知，应将chat改为chatted。2.对被动语态的考查。【彳 列】Every day he makes

7、 sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oilare using for cooking.(改错题)解析：该句含有一个that引导的宾语从句，其中从句主语fresh vegetablesand high quality oil是动作use的承受者，应该用被动语态，故将using改为used,be used fod意为 被用于。时态和语态备考建议英语通过动词的时态表达动作所发生的时间，或句中有明确的时间状语，或文章会通过语篇中的时间指示语提示时态呼应关系。阅读是读者与作者思想的交流过程，读者应充分考虑文本的交际作用，确定其时态基调，并以此确定动词

8、提示填空题时态形式或检查短文改错中时态的误用情况。至于被动语态，其基本点是考察句子的主语与谓语动作之间的关系，即主语是动作的执行者还是其承受者，应熟记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词以防拼写错误，应熟记只有主动语态没有被动语态、用主动语态表示被动语态的情况等。同时，应加强题型训练，熟悉多种考查的形式，掌握灵活的应试技巧。提优训练(-)语法填空AThe standard advice for multiple-choice tests is：if _J_ trouble,stickwith your first answer.And yet this is wrong.One survey of 3

9、3 different studies 2(conduct)over 70 years found thatpeople who change their answers do better than those who dont.In none ofthese studies did people get a _3_(low)score because they changed theirminds.Study after study shows that 4 you change your answer in amultiple-choice test,you are more likel

10、y to be changing 5 from wrong toright than right to wrong.So actually sticking with your first answer 6 (be)the wrong strategy.Why do so many people still say that you should stick with your firstanswer?Kruger et al.argue that its 7 (part)because it feels more 8(pain)to get an answer wrong because y

11、ou changed it than wrong becauseyou didnt.So we tend to remember much more clearly the times when we 9(change)from right to wrong.And so when taking a test we anticipate(预期)the regret we will feel and convince 1 0 (us)that our first answer isprobably right(when its probably n o t).BLast year,well-kn

12、own Chinese author Liu Cixin won the Hugo Award withhis Three Body Problem.This year,it was Hao Jingfangs turn.The32-year-old Chinese sci-fi writer won for Best Novelette(中 篇 小 说)，1(beat)out no less than Stephen King with her work Folding Beijing(translated by Ken L iu).Halos novelette is set in a B

13、eijing of the future,_2 the city folds up every24 hours 3(allow)it to be occupied by different groups of people.The city4(divide)up into different spaces based on social classes,5 the threedeferent social classes live not only separated by space,but by time.Haosays that the story 6(inspire)by what s

14、he witnessed around her every dayin Beijing,7_(particular)one Beijing taxi driver who complained to her about8 hard it was for him to get his kids into kindergarten.Hao started writing sci-fi stories after graduating with a degree in physicsfrom Tsinghua University in 2006.Since 2013,she 9 (work)at

15、the ChinaDevelopment Research Foundation.She has already published twofull-length novels,Wandering MA earth and Return to Charon,as well as ashort story 10(collect),Star Travellers.（二）短文改金昔AIt was Katias birthday.Her friends were met at Mamma Micas for a specialbirthday dinner.Katia was excited and

16、got there at exact 7 oclock,the timethey have arranged to meet.The restaurant quickly filled up with customers,but nobody of them wereKatias friends.She waited anxiously at 7：30.Then she called her friends,but they didnt answer.Whats gone on?she wondered.At 8 Katia went to home.They had forgotten he

17、r birthday and she feltmiserable.She opened the door and walked into the dark house.Suddenlylights went on and all their friends jumped up and shouted Surprise!Sothey hadnt forgotten and in the end it was the better birthday ever.BOn happinessWe all want to increase our happiness.In order to make ou

18、rselves happierwe should make really efforts above all.What came first is that we should have a goal,that can keep us workinghard.Without goals and plans to reach it,you are like a ship that has set sailwith no destination.Secondly,we should make friends with those who wouldo什er help and encourageme

19、nt especially when we are in a need.Lastly,weshould seize it once we find an opportunity.Only when we seize theopportunities to find better ways to working can we find out the real valueamong ourselves.And only in way can we achieve true happiness in life.答案（一）语法填空A【语篇导读】做选择题时应该坚持最初的选项吗？研究表明，这是错误的应试

20、策略，之所以很多人依然奉行这个原则，是因为本来选对却改错了，比不改而做错要令人痛苦得多，并且在心理上留下太深的记忆。1.in。考查介词。“if in trouble”意为“如果遇到麻烦”。2.conductedo考查非谓语动词。该处是动词-ed形式作后置定语，修 饰33different studies3.lowero考查形容词比较级。该段分析了针对70多年间33项研究的一项调查结果，修改选择题答案的人比不修改的人考试结果更好，在这些研究中没有哪一项结果显示人们因改变主意得分更低。该处使用比较级的依据在于people who change their answers do better04.w

21、hen/ifo考查连词引导时间状语从句。该句含有一个that引导的宾语从句，从句中又含有一个when引导的时间从句，也可以把它看作一个if引导的条件从句，其实该处用when也含有轻微的条件之意。解题时应根据语境研究两个分句之间的关系。5.ito考查代词。该处用it指代，上文中的wherVif从句中所提到的youranswer”。6.iso考查动词的时态和主谓一致。通过整体阅读得知文章的时态基调为现在时,，且该句主语为动词-ing形式sticking with your first answe己 故 填is。7.partlyo考查副词。partly（一定程度上，部分地）与because连用，理解

22、为“部分原因是o8.painfuL考查形容词。该处用形容词作连系动词feel的表语。9.changedo考查动词的时态。该句表达的意思是“对改错答案的次数记得清楚得多”，由此，记住的是过去的事情，故 填changed。10.ourselveso考查反身代词。该句可以紧缩为we convince ourselvesthat.,当主语和其宾语一致时，宾语用相应的反身代词。B【言吾篇导读】继刘慈欣之后，2016年 8 月 2 0 日第二位中国作家郝景芳以她的中篇 北京折叠荣膺雨果奖。本文介绍其故事梗概和创作灵感，以及作家的重要作品。1.beatingo考查非谓语动词。该句前半部分已经是一个结构完整的

23、简单句，空缺处的处理有两种可能：一是用and beat”与前一分句的谓语动词won构成并列谓语，如此一来不仅这种并列关系值得商榷，也违背填空原则即beat的“适当形式”不可能包含and一词，所以这种思路是错误的；那么正确的做法是考虑beat 与主语the 32-year-old Chinese sci-fi writer是主谓关系,应填入beating,作状语表示行为方式。2.whereo考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，从句不缺少主语，先行词aBeijing of the future在从句中作地点状语，故填whereo3.to allowo考查非谓语动词。在该定语从句中，用不定式to all

24、ow作状语表示folds up every 24 hours的目的。4.isdividedo考查一般现在时的被动语态。小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍应该用一般现在时，且语境中已有相关的时态提示词。主语the Mty是动作divide的承受者，故填is dividedo5.ando考查并列连词。空缺前后为两个有并列关系的陈述分句，故填and。6.was inspiredo考查一般过去时的被动语态。该句中作者郝景芳陈述 北京折叠的创作灵感，根据该句后面所用的时态皆为一般过去时可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语the story是动作inspire的承受者，故填was inspired。7.particu

25、larlyo 考查副词。该处用副词作状语，强调她的创作灵感来源。8.how。考查“副词how+形容词”引导感叹句。该感叹句在句中作宾语。9.has workedo 考查现在完成时。since 2013”是现在完成时的标志性时间指示语。10.collectiono 考查名词。该处指的是作者的一本短篇小说集 星旅人。（二）短文改错A【语篇导读】朋友们决定在Mamma Mias意式餐馆为Katia举办庆生宴。Katia在餐馆等待多时之后悻悻地回到家，发现朋友们全都在她家里。她收获了一个惊喜。第 1 处：考查动词的时态。文章接下来提到Katia准时到达，即明确地指示了 朋友们计划在Mamma Mias

26、为 Katia庆生”应该是过去将来时。根据改错的经济原则，将 met改为meeting,即用过去进行时表示过去将来时间，不宜改为 going to meeto第 2 处：考查副词。表示 刚刚好7 点钟 应该是exactly 7 oclock,故将exact改为 exactlyo第 3 处：考查动词的时态。由第一段可知，聚会的时间安排显然在Katia到达餐馆之前，需用过去完成时，故将have改为had。第 4 处：考查不定代词。不定代词nobody后不能接of短语，且其后的谓语动词应用单数；none后可以接of短语，其后的动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。故将nobody改为none。第

27、5 处：考查介词。作者要表达的意思是“一直焦急地等到七点半”，故将at改为 until 或 tillo第 6 处：考查动词的时态。go on在文中意为“发生”，通常用进行式“be goingo n,故将 gone 改为 going。第 7 处：考查副词。home往往作副词，用于诸如go/get/arrive/be/stay home的搭配中，故删去home之前的介词too第 8 处：考查冠词。文中lights特指Katia家中的灯，故在该词前加上定冠词 the。第 9 处：考查物主代词。all their friends”应该指Katia的朋友，该处their与它照应的对象不一致，故将thei

28、r改为her。第 10处：考查形容词最高级。副词ever在比较时用来加强语气，表示“以往（将来）任何时候”，用于形容词最高级之后或 比较级+than ever”。作者想要表达的是 这是一直以来最好的生日聚会”，故将better改为best。B【语篇导读】幸福是人人都向往的，可怎样才能获得幸福呢？我们应该为之付出实质性努力，要树立目标、广交益友，还要抓住机遇。第 1 处：考查形容词。表示“付出实质性努力”，在名词efforts之前需用形容词修饰，故将really改为real。第 2 处：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句型“what comes first is that”表示“首先”之意，用于说明或

29、论述中的列举法，需用一般现在时，其中what在它所引导的主语从句中作主语，故将came改为comes。第 3 处：考查定语从句。第 2 段第1 句中的goal应用非限制性定语从句修饰，通常不用that引导，故将that改为which。第 4 处：考查代词。第 2 段第2 句中的plans后有动词不定式作后置定语对其修饰，其中reach为及物动词，作者想要表达的应是reach the goals,故将it改为them,该处介词短语意为“如果没有目标以及实现目标的计划”。第 5 处：考查时态。根据语境可知，文章的时态基调为现在时，故将would改为w ill,表示“现在的意愿”。第 6 处：考查冠词。在固定短语in need中 need前用零冠晋司，故删去a。第 7 处：考查名词的数。在seize the opportunity to do sth中 opportunity应用单数形式。第8 处:考查非谓语动词。way后接动词不定式或of doing sth,故将working改为work或将working前面的to 改为of。第 9 处：考查介词。表示 自身的价值，value后应接介词o f,故将among改为O fo第10处:考查代词。固定短语“only in this way”置于句首时主句用部分倒装，该短语中this不能省略，故在way前面插入this。