必修三Unit3-Theworldofscience单元核心考点解析随堂专练-SectionC.pdf

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1、Unit 3-The world of science单元核心考点解析&随堂专练-Section C【词汇解析】attach v t.系，绑，贴【课 文原句】A metal key was attached to the string.一个金属钥匙被绑在了绳子上。【词汇精讲】句 中 的attach为及物动词，表示“系上”，常 跟 介 词to搭配使用，这里用作被动语态。同时,attach还有“（使）与有联系;认为重要;使依附”的意思。During the operation,Mr Liu had a new hand attached.在手术中,刘先生被接上了一只新手。Father asked

2、me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.父亲要我在信封上贴邮票,然后寄出去。【词汇拓展】attach.to.将.附在.attach importance/significance/value to.认 为 有重要性/意义/价值（to为介词）attached adj.依恋的;附属的;喜欢的be attached to喜欢;依附于;隶属于Society,schools and families should attach great importance to hardshipeducation for all students.社会、和家

3、庭都应该重视对全体学生的艰苦教育。This hospital attached to the medical college was destroyed in theearthquake.医科大学附属医院在地震中被毁了。She is very attached to her family and friends.她非常热爱家人和朋友。e up with 想出【课文原句】Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell onNewtons head and led him to e up with his theory o

4、f gravity.有些人甚至质疑那个苹果的故事，故事中,苹果砸中的牛顿的头，从而促进使他提出了重力理论。【词汇精讲】句中的e up with意为“提出”，是及物动词短语。Several of the members have e up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。The president was moved to e up with these suggestions after thehearings.听证会后,促使总统想出了这些建议。【词汇拓展】e up走近;上来;发芽;发生;被提出e about发生e across穿过（路、

5、桥）;（偶然）遇见;发现e o u t出来;（书等）出版;发行e to 苏醒;总计;达到;谈到when it es to.当谈到.Im sure it will all e out all right in the end.我敢肯定最后结局会很好。New shoots of bamboo will e up from around the roots of the old ones.新的竹笋将从旧根的周围长出来。I came across my old college classmate in the park today.今天在公园遇到我大学的老同学。【名师点津】e up with意为“提出

6、”，主语（多是人）是提出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容；e up意为“被提出，其主语（多是物）是被提出的内容,无被动语态。declaration n.声明，宣告【课文原句】Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）was one of the Founding Fathers of theUnited States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence.本杰明 富兰克林（17061790）是美国的开国元勋之一,并帮助起草了 独立宣言。【词汇精讲】句中的declaration为名词，意为“声明，宣告”,此处为不可数名词。此

7、外,declaration还可以表示“申报，申报单，声明书“，当表示 申报单，声明书 时,为可数名词。She read the declaration aloud for everyone to hear it clearly.为了使大家都能听得清楚，她将宣言大声读了一遍。These events led to the declaration of war.这些事件导致了宣战。Please show your customs declaration form.请出示你的海关申报单。【词汇拓展】declare vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称declaration of.宣告.declare for

8、/against 表示赞成/反对.declare war(on/against)(向.)宣战When they asked him for his opinion,he declared strongly against thepolicy.他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。die from 死于【课文原句】But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,hewould certainly have died from the electric shock.但是科学家们都认为如果富兰克林真接

9、触了钥匙，他早就可能死于电击了。【词汇精讲】句中的die from是不及物动词短语，意为“死于”。Forty thousand children a day die from preventable diseases.每天有4万个孩子死于本可以预防的疾病。Take the case of that patient;he did not die from it.以那个病人为例,这并不是他的死因。【易混辨析】【词汇拓展】dieaway（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失,停止;自行消失die o u t灭绝，消失The firing finally began to die away in the lat

10、e afternoon.到了临近傍晚时枪炮声终于渐渐停息。People sometimes die of treatable conditions.人们有时死于可治之症。If we stopped at that the human race would die out.要是我们拘泥这一点，那么人类就会绝迹。draft v.起草，草拟【课文原句】Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)was one of the Founding Fathers of theUnited States and helped draft the Declaration of Independen

11、ce.本杰明 富兰克林(17061790)是美国的开国元勋之一,并帮助起草了 独立宣言。【词汇精讲】句 中 的draft为及物动词，意为“起草”。此外，还有“征兵”的意思。draft还可以作名词，意为“草稿，草案，草图”。He has drawn up the design draft.他拟订了设计草图。John was drafted into the army last year.约翰去年被应征入伍。【词汇拓展】draft out草拟,勾勒出draft out ones speech 起草发言稿The government has drafted out its plan for futu

12、re laws.政府已草拟了未来法律的规划。experiment n.（科学）实 验v.实验【课 文 原句】Benjamin Franklins famous experiment with lightning has introducedgenerations of children to science.本杰明 富兰克林的有名的闪电实验让一代代的孩子们了解了科学。【词汇精讲】句 中 的experiment是名词，表示“实验”的意思,experiment用作名词时既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词;此外,experiment还可以用作不及物动词。You neednt worry and thi

13、s experiment was harmless to the animals.你不必担心,这个实验对动物是无害的。This experiment turned out to be a failure,but,as we know,success oftenes after failure.这个实验最终失败了，但众所周知，失败是成功之母。【词汇拓展】experiment in做.方面的实验experiment on/upon 在.上做实验experiment with 以.做实验Dont experiment with such dangerous drugs.不要用这种危险的药物做实验。H

14、e experimented in painting at home.他在家中试着作画。【句式解析】But in science,facts should be proved by experiments and research,andwe should not always believe everything we read or hear-even if it is agreat story.但是在科学领域,我们应该通过实验研究来证明事实的存在，我们不能随便相信我们读的、听的任何事情，即使都是一些伟大的故事。【句式剖析】we read or hear在这里作定语从句，修饰先行词ever

15、ything,其前面省略T thatoHe talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈起了曾经拜访过的老师、参观的。【名师点睛】先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用 that,不用 which;先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very、the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that,不用which;先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that,不 用whichoIn fact,more than one account suggests that while New

16、ton was certainlyinspired by a falling apple,there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果，但是没有证据表明这个苹果砸到了他的头。【句式剖析】that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple,there is noproof that it hit him on the head 作 suggest 的宾语，其中 while Newtonwas certainly inspir

17、ed by a falling apple 为 while 引导的让步状语从句;that it hit him on the head又为that引导同位语从句，解释说明proof的内容。While he cant speak English very well,he tries to municate with others init.虽然他英语说得不是很好，但是他尽力用英文与他人交流。I have no doubt that he will overe all the difficulties.我毫不怀疑他能克服所有的困难。【名师点睛】(l)while引导让步状语从句时在句中的意思是“虽然

18、，尽管”。while引导的让步状语从句通常放在主句之前。(2)同位语从句还可以由what,how,whether等词来引导。(3)that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别同位语从句:that仅起连接词的作用,对前面的名词进行补充说明，无意义，不能省略;定语从句:that 一方面起引导从句的作用,另一方面在定语从句中担当主语、宾语、表语。(4)常见的后接同位语从句的名词有:fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,fear 等。The question whether the

19、y will help us still confused me.我依然疑惑他们是否会帮我们。I have not made up my mind what elective subjects I am to take nextterm.我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。When you are about halfway through the story,try to make a guess howthe plot will develop.当你把故事读到一半时,猜测一下情节将如何发展。Franklin,along with many other scientists,has inspi

20、red us and taught usthat scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth andto contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.富兰克林和许多其他科学家一起激励并告诉我们为了验证真理并给以后的科学发现和发明启示，科学实验是很重要的。【句式剖析】that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth andto

21、 contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions 是 that 引导的一个宾语从句,作动词taught的宾语，其中establish和 contribute是并列关系，表示目的。We know that it is an interesting story.我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。I think that if you have lost the library book,you must pay for it.我认为如果你已把图书馆藏书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。【名师点睛】连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句

22、的作用,它本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略;从句的主语是that时,that不省略。【写作指导】如何写好实验报告一、审题定调1.确定体裁:本单元的写作是实验报告,属于说明文。按照实验报告的格式，写作内容包括五个方面:A im 实验目的；Apparatus实验器材;Method实验步骤;Result实验结果;Conclusion实验结论。2.确定人称:本文的主要人称为第一人称。3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时为主,对实验过程的描述可用一般过去时。二、谋篇布局就本篇习作而言，我们可以把全文分为三部分。第一部分:说明实验的来源（课上物理老师做的实验）；第二部分:说明实验的器材、实验步骤；第三部分

23、:说明实验结果并进行评价。三、短文模板Today,we carried out（实验具体名称）.Before we started,we prepared（准 备 物 品）.First,（实 验 第 一步）.Then（实验第二步）.What we had to do was（等待结果）.To our astonishment,（实 验 最 终 结 果）.What an interestingexperiment lesson we had!四、组织语言1 .核心词汇实施 carry out实验 experiment准备 prepare倒入 pour into覆盖 cover.with使我们惊讶

24、的是to our astonishment2.高级句式今天，在物理老师的帮助下,我们在课堂上进行了一个有趣的实验。（with复合结构）Today,with the help of our physics teacher,we carried out aninteresting experiment in class.我们准备了一支蜡烛、一个盆、一个玻璃杯和一些水。We prepared a candle,a basin,a glass and some water.蜡烛一直立在盆底,一些水被倒进盆里。（被动结构）The candle was kept standing at the botto

25、m of the basin and somewater was poured into the basin.我们点燃了蜡烛，用充满空气的玻璃杯覆盖着它。（现在分词短语作状语）We lit the candle,covering it with the glass that was full of air.我们要做的是等到蜡烛熄灭。（主语从句）What we had to do was to wait until the candle went out.令我们吃惊的是，我们看到玻璃杯里的水位比盆里的水位高。（that指代）To our astonishment,we saw that the

26、water level in the glass washigher than that in the basin.假如今天在物理老师的帮助下,你们做了一个有趣的实验。请根据以下实验步骤,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。1.准备一支蜡烛、一个盆和一些水，一个比蜡烛稍高些的玻璃杯。2.将蜡烛置于盆底，并向盆中倒入一些水。3.点燃蜡烛，将玻璃杯罩在蜡烛上。4.当蜡烛熄灭后,看到玻璃杯中水面高于盆中水面。参考词汇:盆basin参考范文：Experiment ReportToday,with the help of our physics teacher,we carried out anintere

27、sting experiment in class.Before we started,we prepared a candle,a basin,a glass and somewater.By the way,the glass was a little higher than the candle.First,thecandle was kept standing at the bottom of the basin and some water waspoured into the basin.Then we lit the candle,covering it with the gla

28、ss thatwas full of air.What we had to do was to wait until the candle went out.To our astonishment,we saw that the water level in the glass washigher than that in the basin.What an interesting experiment lesson wehad!【随堂专练】*介词填空l.Aparttheir house in London,they also have a villa in Spain.2.It felt l

29、ike Id had two babies insteadone.3.The boiling water is so hot that I ought to pour the watera cup to makeit cold.4.The problem of pollution arises alongthe rapid development of industry.5.1 believe that each of us can contributethe future of the world.*单句填空l.The scientist referred to the(discover)a

30、s the most exciting newdevelopment in this field.2.Why do we need to issue a(declare)from this summit?3.The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirationsfor great(invent).4.Neither your restaurant nor mine(offer)a balanced diet.5.She hit me onback heavily and at that moment I c

31、ouldnt help crying.6.Nobody can(entire)keep away from this petitive world.7.Can you accountyour movements on that night?8.This fact is too evident to require(prove).9.(electricity)heaters have their electric energy transformed into heat.lO.Their(brave)deserved to be praised.*课文语法填空Benjamin Frankl in

32、 famous experiment with lightning hasintroduced 1.(generation)of children to science.However,new researchsuggests that the story may be fiction instead 2.fact.Franklin 3.(fly)a kite during a storm in 1752,when there was muchinterest in electricity.Franklin raised the kite with a piece of string 4.(t

33、ie)to it.A metal key was attached to the string.After 5.experiment,he saidthat lightning was a form of electricity.However,neither the story 6.the details of the experiment are entirelytrue because scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7.(actual)touched thekey,he would certainly have died from t

34、he 8.(electricity)shock.Scientistsoften question accepted ideas because they want 9.(establish)the facts.In science,facts should 10.(prove)by experiments and research,andwe should not always believe everything we read or hear.参考答案：介词填空：from;of;into;with;to单句填词1.答案:discovery2.答案:declaration3.答案:inventions4.答案:offers5.答案:the6.答案:entirely7.答案:for8.答案:proof9.答案:Electric10.答案:bravery课文语法填空：generations;of;flew;tied;the;nor;actually;electric;to establish;be proved