2023年高考英语七选五阅读理解题解题技巧.pdf

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1、2023年高考英语七选五阅读理解题解题技巧随着高考政策改革的推进，全国各地高考题型都做了一定的改变。江苏于2021年开始第一次进入全国卷题型的行列，试卷中出现了七选五、语法填空、应用文写作、读后续写等新题型。教师和学生已经习惯了原来的自主命题的考查，虽然对新题型的解题技巧有一定了解，但是在做新题型时仍然觉得有些许挑战。从学生平日的练习中可以看到，学生在做七选五题型的阅读时，压力较大，需要从根本上来解决存在的问题，帮助学生提高英语成绩。笔者在平时的教学中发现，学生之所以在做此类题时感觉有困难，其实还是因为在阅读理解方面缺乏思辨能力。如何提高阅读文本时的思辨能力、提高新题型七选五阅读的解题能力，笔

2、者提出以下几点建议。提高阅读文本的思辨能力一、重视表逻辑衔接关系的词汇和短语，并形成相关的语言图式在平时的教学中，笔者发现，学生主要关注的是新教授的单词、短语以及文本中的长难句分析。很少关注语篇的逻辑结构。而在训练七选五的阅读题型时，几乎时时刻刻都在强调逻辑衔接关系。题目中句子之间、段落之间都会有连词衔接，学生根据句子的关键词结合体现逻辑关系的连词，就是正确解答题目的关键。例如：（2018 全国 I 卷）Over the years,there have beena number of different techniques to help designers approachthis im

3、portant point.37,they can get a little complex.Butgood news is that therere really only three kinds of decisionsyou need to make about color in your home：the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.答案：Ao While all of them are useful解析：结合第二段第一句中的a number of differenttechniques以及最后一句中的转折词but以及给出

4、的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”,故 A 项符合语境。因此在七选五文本材料和选项中的各种体现逻辑关系的词就尤为重要了。试卷中常见的一些关键词如下：表示因果关系的连词有：so,therefore,thus,dueto,for,thanks to,account for,because,owing to,as a result of,as a result 等。表示并列关系的连词有：and,in addition,whats more,moreover,besides,as well as,together with,along with,furthermo

5、re 等。表示转折的连词有：but,yet,instead,however,despite,in spite of,though,while,as 等。表示畴间关系的连词有：firstly,to begin with,to start with,first of all,finally,then,meanwhile 等。表示比较的异同的连词有：in the same time,likewise,on thecontrary,in contrast,compared with,equally 等。表示结论的连词有：in conclusion,to sum up,all in all,in awo

6、rd,in short 等。表示举例和解释的连词有，for example,for instance,like,such as,that is to say,in other wordSo表示强调的连词有：indeed,undoubtedly,definitely 等。二、新题型七选五阅读题的解题技巧一一“代词呼应法则”“大象装冰箱法则”“补充必考原则”1.“代词呼应法则”口诀如下“空 前 有 新 名（词），空 中 有 新 代（词）”“空 后 有 新 代（词），空 中 有 新 名（词）”例如：（2019 全国卷）Hospital patients who see treebranches ou

7、t their window are likely to recover at a faster ratethan patients who see buildings or sky instead.39 It gives usa great feeling of peace.答案：Co Being in nature refreshes us.解析：前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用，空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的 it也要指代这种情况。C 选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。2.“

8、大象装冰箱法则”口诀如下：段首有空缺，必为引导句段中有空缺，前后意连贯段末有空缺，承上能启下a.段首有空缺，必为引导句例如：（20例全国 I 卷）37 If the air youre breathing iscleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog ofcitiesthen the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathemore deeply,allowi

9、ng even more oxygen to get to yourmuscles（肌肉）and your brain.答案：Ao Fresh air cleans our lungs.解析：该空格放在段落的句首，为主题句。根据空格后下一句“If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be ifyoure away from the smog of.以及本段内容可知，本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A 项符合题意。b.段中有空缺，前后意连贯例如：（2016全国卷）Recall（回忆）your childhood memories

10、.Our model ofwhat a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might begood or bad,but thats not whats important.19 how being inthose gardens made us feel.答案：Co Its our experience of the garden that matters解析：解本题可用句意判断法。空格前说“但那一点不重要”,由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重

11、要的，故选C 项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”。本设空类型为过渡句类。c.段末有空缺，承上能启下例如：（2013 全国卷 I 卷）The third relates to theestablishment of standards of work in all departments.Directionis concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance bythe management in authority.75.答案：Ao Control includes the use of records and reports toc

12、ompare actual work with the set standards for work.解析：上文讲了 planning,direction,这里应该是control。3.补充必考原则口诀：同词必复现，句式必一致同词必复现：例如：Planning is part of beingorganized,too.15Calendars,lists,and schedules canhelp you plan.You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it nearyour workplace.答案：Ao Planning means decidin

13、g what you will do andwhen you will do it.解析：同词必复现，围绕planning这一关键词。句式必一致：For home stuff,being organized means having a place toput your things and putting them back as you go.14 It meanskeeping your schoolbag,your shoes,and your cleanunderwear in the same places so you always know where tofind them.

14、答案：G o It means hanging your coat up instead ofdropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.解析：句式一致，就像中文里的排比句一样。考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上句的说明，有组织性指一切事物都要有序摆放，下面是具体做法，G 项内容符合且与下句并列，故选G o 牛刀小试根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.16 Byhelping them

15、develop classic skills that will serve them well nomatter what the future holds.1.CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious.17 Askkids,What ingredients（酉己料）can we add to make thesepancakes even better next time?”and then try them out.Didthose ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we

16、try next time?2.CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing andcreate something new from it.18 There are a dozen differentthings you can do with them.Experimenting with materials tocreate something new can go a long way in helping themdevelop their creativity.3.Interpersonal

17、SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head,but what aboutothers?Being able to read people helps kids frommisreading a situation and jumping to falseconclusions.19 Why do you think shes crying?Can youtell how that man is feeling by looki

18、ng at his face?Ifsomeone were to do that to you,how would you feel?4.Self Expression20 There are many ways to express thoughts andideasmusic,acting,drawing,building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more thananother.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget sc

19、ience education.C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in newways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dontyet exist?E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kidsdevelop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions aboutcharacters in stories.G.Being

20、able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way isa valuable skill.解析：语篇解读本文为说明文，主要讲述了如何培养孩子们最优秀的技能以满足未来新出现的职业需要。16.空格后面一句话的意思为：通过帮助他们培养无论将来怎样都对他们大有帮助的最优秀的技能，所以该空应该是针对方式的提问，故选D项，意思为“所以我们该怎样帮助孩子们为还未出现的工作做准备呢？”17.由下文可知此处应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭，故选A项。18.根据上一句可知：真正的创造力是利用已有的材料创造出新东西的能力。所以该空应该是我们给孩子们机会用新的方式去考虑这些材料，故选

21、C项。19.空格前一句话是说能读懂人们的想法有助于孩子们避免误解某种状况和得出错误的结论，下文三句话均是为了理解故事人物而提出的三个问题，故选F 项。20.根据下文可知：有许多种方法去表达自己的想法和观点。所以本空应该是和交流有关，故选G项，意 为“能够用一种有效的方式交流是一种有价值的技能”。高考英语阅读理解推理判断易错题及应对策略第一部分 易错题解题范例答题第一步：浏览题干及选项，标注定位词。（见题干及选项标线处）答题第二步：带着问题通读全文，标注4 类词：时间、地点、概念等名词（用红色底纹表示），极端词和程度词（用蓝色底纹表示），态度词和语气词（用粉色底纹表示），逻辑词和关系词（用绿色底

22、纹表示）。Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather thancook by yourself?Have you been doing Internet shoppingrather than going to the stores?A study into how lazy British people are hasfound more than half of the adults are so lazy that theydcatch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs

23、.Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independentresearchers in Britains largest health center.The resultswere very surprising.About one in six people who were asked said if theircontrol was broken,they would continue watching thesame channel rather than get up.More than one third of those asked s

24、aid they would notrun to catch a bus.Worryingly,of 654 respondents（离婚被告）with children,64%said they were often too tired to play withthem.We know that its no wonder that one in six children inthe UK are very fat before they start school.Dr Sarah,Dauncey,medical director of the center,said,People need

25、 to get fitter,not just for their ownhealth,but for their families,friends and pets,too.”If we dont start to take control of this problem,a whole generation will become too unfit toperformeven the most basic tasks.z,And Scotlands largest city,Glasgow,was shamed asthe laziest city in the UK,with 75%a

26、sked thinking they donot get enough exercise,followedby Birmingham and Southampton,both with 67%.So there are some problems for the National HealthService,where fatness-related（相关的）illnesses such as heartdisease and cancer have been on an increase for the past 40years and are costing billions of pou

27、nds every year.全文翻译你是否习惯于吃冰箱里现成的食物而不是亲自做一顿饭？你是否习惯于网上购物而不是去实体店购物？一项针对英国人到底有多懒的研究发现，超过半数的成年人非常懒，就是去二楼也要乘电梯，而不是爬楼梯。英国最大的健康中心的独立研究人员对2000多名英国人做了询问调查。调查结果令人惊讶。大 约1/6的被询问者说，如果他们的遥控器坏掉，他们会继续收看这个频道，而不是起身去换台。超 过1/3的被询问者说，他们不会跑着去赶公交车。令人担忧的是，在654名带着孩子的离婚被告中，64%的人说他们常常太累了无法陪孩子们玩耍。我们知道，在 英 国 有1/6的孩子入学前就已经非常胖了，这点

28、也就不足为奇了。该中心的医学主管，萨拉当 西博士说到：“人们需要变得更加健康，不仅仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的家人、朋友以及他们的宠物。”如果我们不开始控制这样的问题，那么整个一代人将会变得非常不健康，以至于甚至连最基本的事情也无法做好。”苏格兰最大城市格拉斯哥，很惭愧地被评为英国最懒城市，有75%的被询问者表示他们没有做足量的运动。排在第二位的是伯明翰和南安普顿，两者都有67%（的人认为没有保持足够的运动量）。因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。答题第三步：根据题干或选

29、项定位词找回原文，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳，确定答案。答题第四步：核对答案，反思错题。46.What does the underlined word quizzed mean?A.questioned B.answeredC.listened D.heard正确解答：A词义猜测题。由第四段“About one in six peoplewho were a ske d./中asked可知，该健康中心”询问”了 2000多人，故选A.此外，A 项和B 项词义相反，答案很可能出现在A项和B 项中，此为“反义多正解”原则。47.Of 654 respondents withchildren,64

30、%said.定 位 到 第 五段最后一句A.they were often too busy to play with their childrenB.they were often so tired that they couldnt play withtheir childrenC.they were often so sad that they didnt want to playwith their childrenD.they were often ill and they couldnt play with theirchildren错因分析：易错选A.易主观臆断，无法陪孩子玩耍就

31、是由于工作太忙。正确解答：B细节理解题。由第五段第二句中的tired可知，大人是因为太累而无法陪孩子玩耍，故选B.48.Which of the following is true according to thepassage?A.All the adults in the UK are very lazy.1定位到第二段B.Half of the children are very fat before they go toschool.定位到第六段C.Pets will be in trouble if their owners dont keephealthy.定位到第七段D.AII

32、people in Glasgow feel ashamed because theydont get enough exercise.定位至U 第九段错因分析：易错选D.忽略了句中过于绝对化的表述词all.正确解答：C 细节理解题。由第七段后半句可知，如果宠物的主人不能保持健康，宠物也会有麻烦，故选C.由第六段可知是1/6的孩子在上学前很胖，而不是一半孩子，排除B;A、D 两项说法太绝对。49.From the last paragraph,we can learn if they keeplazy.定位到最后一段A.people may have heart diseaseB.people

33、 can work at home all the timeC.people like shopping onlineD.people dont like climbing the stairs错因分析：易错选D.忽视题干中的 From the last paragraph.正 确 解 答：A推 理 判 断 题。由最 后 一 段“。o o wherefatness-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancerhave been on an increase for the past 40years.”可知，懒惰所造成的肥胖会引发心脏病和癌

34、症等疾病，故选A.50.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The health service in the UK.B.A study of British peoples lifestyles.C.A study of British peoples laziness.D.The fatness problem in the UK.错因分析：易错选D.文中提到了肥胖问题，D项 的fatnessproblem会对答案选择造成干扰，但肥胖是懒惰的一种结果，不是文章讨论的主题。正确解答：C主旨大意题。由第二段第一句中的“A study intoho

35、w lazy British people are.M 及全文可知选 C.答题第五步：整理词汇和长难句，并将需要积累的内容整理在学霸笔记本上。长 难 句 分 析：So there aresome problems for theNational HealthService,where先 行词where引导定语从句fatness-related illnesses such as heart disease andcancer have been on an increase for the past 40从句主语 从句谓语years and are costing of pounds ever

36、y year.从句谓语因此，留给英国国家卫生署的问题还有很多，在这些问题中，与肥胖相关的疾病，比如心脏病和癌症在过去40年时间里一直呈现增长态势，并且每年都会消耗国家几十亿英镑。句法分析：这 是 一 个where引导的定语从句，先行词是problems,where修饰problems,表示“在这些问题中“。第二部分阅读理解推理判断易错题解题应对策略推理判断题题干中常有infer,possible,imply,probable等标志词。1.利用“推理要适度”原则缩小答案范围之所以叫作推理判断题是因为此类题往往是在原文细节的基础上向外推一步而得出的结果，但这“一步”要适度。如果往外推得太远就不是文

37、中所要表达的观点了，因此推断时一定做到适度。7 j 例：The researchers found that levels of oxytocin（催产素）were higher in both humans and dogs after theyinteracted.Nagasawa did the same experiment withhumans and wolves,but it did not give the same results.55.What can we infer（推断）from the last sentence of the text?A.More experim

38、ents are expected to help wolvesproduce oxytocin.B.The cuddle chemical in human blood protects usagainst wolves.C.It makes sense the humans and wolves are naturallybest friends.D.Its generally impossible to have the bond betweenhumans and wolves.分析：由上文可知，人和狼之间的交流不会使其体内的催产素增多。由此可推知，通常情况下，人和狼之间不可能产生亲密

39、的关系，故选D.而其余选项由于推得太远导致偏离文意，甚至出现错误。2.利用“立足原文”原则缩小答案范围做推理判断题首要原则就是要立足于原文的细节，如果推断出的结果在原文中找不到任何依据，那么无论说法多么正确也不能选。3.推理判断题选项特点正确选项错误选项根据原文内容一步即可推出。正确选项中一般不会有绝对的概念。干扰项与常识吻合，但不是由文章推出。推理过头，引申过度。偏离主题，主观臆断。凭空推测，不立足原正确选项中往往会有sometimes,ma文。y,might,can,could,possibly,probably直接照抄原文信息的选项。等词。第三部分 题型专练（一）In ancient t

40、imes,there was a king who loved flowers.His palace was always decorated with beautiful orchids（兰花）and other flowers.As the king grew older,he knewthat one day he would have to give up his throne（王位）.Sohe had to find someone to rule the country.The other day,the king had an idea.He asked hisservants

41、to travel to every part of the country and giveevery citizen a single orchid seed（种子）.He then announcedthat the person who grew the most beautiful orchid wouldtake his throne.Everyone in the country then got their own seed.Oneyoung man named David was especially excited about thenews,because he had

42、experience in growing flowershimself.David planted his seed in a pot and put it in a placewhere it would get lots of sunlight.He watched it carefullyevery day.But as hard as he tried,his flower simply wouldnot grow.Finally,it was time for everyone to give theirflowers to the king.David took his empt

43、y potto the palace.Your Majesty（尊 敬 的 陛 下），I am sorry to say that I could notgrow an orchid.But I hope you can see that I tried mybest,he said.The king was moved by Davids honesty.Although he did not choose David as the new king,he gave David ajob as a royal court judge（法 官）.He believed that David s

44、honesty would make him the right person to make sure thejustice（公 正）in the country.1.According to the kingz s order,who could be the nextking?A.The man who was the smartest.B.The man who was the most honest,C.The man who could plant the best seed.D.The man who could grow the most beautiful orchid.2.

45、What do we know about David?A.He told a joke to the king.B.He failed to grow the kings orchid.C.He was good at growing orchids.D.He was chosen tobe the next king.3.What does the underlined wordIfItIIrefers to inParagraph 4?A.The pot.B.His flower.C.The seed.D.The sunlight.4.What can we learn from the

46、 story?A.David was the only winner in the end.B.It is stupid of the king to choose David as a judge.C.It is impolite of David to give an empty pot to thepalace.D.The king believed honesty was very important for ajudge.5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Honesty Is the Best Po

47、licyB.How to Grow OrchidsC.Flowers Are the Best GiftsD.Itz s Very Easy to GrowOrchids【文章大意】本文介绍了古代有一个喜欢花的国王。并且宣布能种植出最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。大卫是一位年轻人，但无论怎么努力，都没有种植出兰花，带着空花瓶去了宫殿。国王被大卫的诚实所感动。虽然他没有选择大卫作为新国王，但他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为正直的人，以确保国家的正义。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根 据 He then announced that theperson who grew the

48、most beautiful orchid would take histhrone.然后他宣布种植最美丽兰花的人将继承王位。可知，按照国王的命令，能种出最美丽兰花的人可以成为下一个国王。故选D。2.B 解析 细节理解题。根据 But as hard as he tried,his flowersimply would not grow.但尽管他努力，他的花还是长不出来。可知，他没有种出国王的兰花。故选B。3.C【解析】推理判断题。句子He watched it carefully every day.的意思是：他每天都仔细观察。根据上文的句子David plantedhis seed in

49、a pot and put it in a place where it would get lots ofsunlight.大卫把种子种在盆里，放在阳光充足的地方。可知，句子中的it是指上文中的the se e d,即：国王给的兰花种子。故选Co4.D【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：我们能从这个故事中学到什么？根据 he gave David a job as a royal courtjudge（法官）.He believed that Davids honesty would make himthe right person to make sure the justice（公正）in

50、 the country.他给了大卫一份皇家法院法官的工作，他相信大卫的诚实会使他成为一个正直的人，以确保国家的公正。可以推出，国王认为诚实对法官来说非常重要。故选D。5.A【解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是：以下哪一个是文章的最佳标题？A.Honesty Is the Best Policy诚实是最好的为人之道。B.How to Grow Orchids 如何种植兰花。C.FlowersAre the Best Gifts 花是最好的礼物。D.Ifs Very Easy to GrowOrchids兰 花 很 容 易 种 植。根 据 短 文 的 内 容The king wasmoved by