焊接检验技术工作手册.pdf

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1、Welding Inspection Technology Workbook焊接检验技术工作手册Third edition第 3 版Published by American Welding Society Education Department美国焊接学会教育部出版Translated with permission by Moody International China经准许山摩迪中国翻译Disclaimer声明Neither the American Welding Society,Inc.or Moody International China assume responsibil

2、ity forthe information contained in this publication.An independent,substantiating investigation should bemade prior to reliance on or use of such information.美国焊接学会或摩迪中国不对此手册所包含信息负任何责任。任何个人，在使用或信赖此手册前因作证实性的调查。International Standard Book Number:0-87171-477-9国际标准书号：0-87171477-9Copyright 1995 by Ameri

3、can Welding Society,Miami,Florida版权 1995美国焊接学会，佛罗里达，迈阿密Third Edition 19991999第三版Revised 7/997/99修订山摩迪中国2002年 4 月翻译All rights reserved.No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means,electronic ormechanical,including photocopying,recording,or by any information storage or retrieved

4、 system,withoutpermission in writing from the publisher.所有版权受保护。没有出版商的书面准许，本手册的任何部分（包括摩迪中国翻译部分）都不可以任何形式或任何方法，电子或机械进行复制。包括复印，记录或山任何信息保存或检索系统。Printed in the United States of America印刷于美利坚合众国Reprinted with pennission in China经准许在中国重新印刷Welding Inspection Technology Workbook焊接检验技术工作手册Module 1第一单元Welding

5、Inspection and Certification焊接检验和认证请不要在此书上书写！Dont write in this book!Q 1-1为什么对焊接质量的需求正在增加？Why is there an increasing need for weld quality?a.安 全(Safety)b.经 济(Economics)c.低保守系数设计(Less conservative design)d.政府法规(Government regulations)e.所有以上的(All of the above)Q I-2 哪个AWS文件所描述的有关CW I认证程序？What AWS docum

6、ent describes the rules for the CWI certification program?a.AWS 5.5b.AWS DI.1c.AWS QC-1d.AWS 5.1e.AWS 14.1Q 1-3焊接质量控制应该在焊接J 开始后进行？Weld quality control should begin after welding has been initiated.a.对(True)b.错(False)Q 1-4 AWS QC-1包括哪三种焊接检验师认证？What are the three welding inspector certifications cover

7、ed in AWS QC-1?a.CAWI,CWI,BWIb.CWI,CAWI,SCWIc.SCWI,CWI,ACWId.Level I,II and IIIe.无上述任何一种(None of the above)Q l-5 从总的来讲，作为一个焊接检验师，最重要的素质是什么？What is generally considered to be the most important quality of a welding inspector?a.毕业于焊接职业程序(Graduation from a welding vocational program)b.工程师(An engineerin

8、g degree)c.助工(An associate degree)d.专业态度(Professional welder certificate)e.具有一个已认可的焊工资格证(Hold a certified welder certificate)Q 1-6对一个C W I视力的要求是近视度在The vision requirements for a CWI are near vision acuity on:a.在 24 英寸内 Jaeger J1 (Jaeger JI at 24 inches)b.在 12 英寸内 Jaeger J12(Jaeger 12 at 12 inches)c.

9、在 12 英寸内有或没有纠正镜 Jaeger J2(Jaeger 12 at 12 inches,with or without corrective lenses)d.检验员不能配戴眼镜(The inspector cannot wear glasses)e.20/20 视 力(20/20 vision)Q 1-7首字母组合词KASH代表:The acronym KASH stands for:a.知识，态度，技能和习惯b.知识，应用，技能和习惯c.知识，态度，技能和忠诚d.知识，应用，技能和忠诚e.知识，态度，诚实和忠诚(Knowledge,attitude,skills,and habi

10、ts)(Knowledge,application,skills,and habits)(Knowledge,attitude,skills,and honesty)(Knowledge,application,skills,and honesty)(Knowledge,attitude,sincerity,and honesty)Q 1-8焊接检验师应该对-具有一个基本的理解：The welding inspector should have a basic understanding of:a.焊接工艺(Welding process)b.无损试验方法(Nondestructive tes

11、ting methods)c.以上 a 和 b(a and b above)d.规范和标准(Codes and standards)e.所有 以 上(All of the above)Q l-9 用于描述由于检验而使生产造成延迟的术语The term used to describe a delay in the production schedule to permit inspection is:a.无损检测(NDE)b.停 止 点(Hold point)c.检 验 前(Pre-inspection)d.参 考 点(Reference point)e.电弧划伤(Arc strike)Q M

12、 O 检验报告的纠正应该由-一来做：Inspection report corrections should be made by:a.重新写整个报告(Rewriting the entire report)b.把纠正报告给焊接班长(Reporting the correction to the welding foreman)c.告诉焊工应该做什么(Telling the welder what was done)d.忽略原始错误(Ignoring the original error)e.用单线划出错误，改正的错误，并标上日期及签上姓。(Single-line out the error,

13、correct the error,date,and initial)Q 1-11 道德规范的定义：(A definition of ethics is:)a.公共观念和忠诚(Using common sense and honesty)b.生活有规则(Living by the rules)c.公正和公平(Being fair and impartial)d.以事实为依据作决定(Basing decisions on facts)e.所有以上(All of ihe above)Q 1-12为了有效地交流，应该形成一个“连 环”。For communications to be effecti

14、ve,it should form a continuous loop”.a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 1-13焊接检验师应该经常与-交流The welding inspector must often communicate with:a.焊 工(Welders)b.工 长(Supervisors)c.焊接工程师(Welding engineers)d.管理人员(Members of management)e.所有以上(All of the above)Q 1-14无损探伤人员(除了焊接检验师要求以外)应根据哪个文件进行认可：NDE personnel(other than

15、CWFs)should be certified to what document?a.QC-1b.Dl.lc.API 1104d.ASNTSNT-TC-1Ae.无需证书(Certification is not needed)Q 1-15要成为一名焊接检验师，您必须有高中毕业文凭：You must have a high school diploma to become a CWIa.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 1-16焊接检验师的考试分几部分；分别为：The CWI exam has several parts;these are:a.基础，实践，规 范(Fundamenta

16、ls,practical,code)b.基础，基本，规 范(Fundamentals,basic,code)c.基本，视力测试，实 践(Basic,vision test,fundamental)d.规范，视力测试，实 践(Code,vision test,practical)e.无以上任一(None of the above)Q l-17焊接检验师的考试要求以D l.l规范作为开卷规范考试。The CWI exam requires that the D1.1 Code be used for the open book Code test.a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 1-

17、18焊接检验师考试包括三个部分，每部分二个小时The CWI exam contains three parts,each two hours long。a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q C19AWS标 准 A3.0的标题是:The title of the AWS Standard,A3.0 is:a.填充金属规范(Filler Metal Specifications)b.标准焊接术语和定义(Standard Welding Terms and Definitions)c.CWI 认证指南(Guide to CWI Certification)d.无以上任一(None of t

18、he above)Q 1-20 API标准包括1104越野桥的制造：API Standard 1104 covers the fabrication of cross-country bridges.a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 1-21被批准用于CW I考试开卷部分的规范或标准是D I.1,API1104,AWSD1.5和 AWSD15.1.Some of the approved codes/standards for the open book portion of the CWI exam are AWS Dl.l,API 1104,AWS D1.5 and AWS D

19、15.1a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 1-22在开始安排一项工作前，一个焊接检验师应决定：Prior to starting a job assignment,the welding inspector should determine:a.所要用的规范，标准或技术要求(What code,standard or specification)b.应该做哪些检验(What inspections should be conducted)c.什么时候做(When inspections should be conducted)d.记录应保存在哪里(Where records are

20、 maintained)e.所有以上(All of the above)Welding Inspection Technology Workbook焊接检验技术工作手册Module 2第二单元Safe Practices for Welding Inspectors焊接检验师的安全实践请不要在此书上书写！Dont write in this book!Q 2-1焊接检验师会暴露在下列哪一个危险中：The welding inspector is exposed to which of the following safety hazards:a.辐 射(Radiation)b.落下的物体(Fa

21、lling objects)c.电 击(Electrical shock)d.眼睛伤害(Eye hazards)e.所有 以 上(All of ihe above)Q 2-2 有关焊接和切割安全的文件在下列哪一个规范中：A document which covers safety in welding and cutting is:a.AWSD1.1b.API 1104c.ANSI/ASC Z49.1d.ASME Section VIIIe.ASME B31.3Q 2-3 在一个有效安全和健康程序中最重要的部分：The most important component of an effect

22、ive safety and health program is:安全规则安全规程保护设施焊接面罩管理支持abcd(Safety rules)(Safety procedures)(Protective equipment)(Welding helmet)(Management support)Q 2-4 在下列那个标准的条款中，安全培训是强制:a.b.c.d.Safety training is mandated under provisions of:AWS“安全实践”(AWS“Safe Practices”)OSHAASME 规 范(ASME Code)焊接手册第二册(Welding H

23、andbook,Volume 2)无以上任一个(None of the above)Q2-5 缩写词“MSDS”是什么意思：(The abbreviation，MSDS，means:)abcd管理支持和日常安全(Management Support and Daily Safety)材料强度及不连续的钢板(Material Strength and Discontinuity Sheet)材料安全数据单(Material Safety Data Sheet)材料强度及数据单(Material Strength and Data Sheet)无以上任一个(None of the above)Q

24、2-6 缩写词“TLV”的 意 思(The abbreviation iirTLV means:)a.总线性量(Total Linear Volume)b.临界限制值(Threshold Limit Value)c.附加长度值(Tack Length Value)d.临界限定阀(Threshold Limiting Valve)e.无以上任一个(None of the above)Q 2-7 雇主必须使所有雇员都能得到可用的MSDS数据：Employers must make all applicable MSDS data available to their employees.a.是(T

25、rue)b.不 是(False)Q 2-8 员工必须培训以认识安全危害：(Personnel must be trained to recognize safety hazards)a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 2-9 下列哪个工序要求有 个热加工许可证(A，Hot Work Permitis required for:)a.所有焊接操作(All welding operations)b.所有切割操作(All cutting operation)c.所有预热操作(All preheating operation)d.在焊接，切割或预热过程中可能会出现火灾的区域(Areas wh

26、ere a fire hazard may occur duringa welding,cutting,or preheating operation)e.所有以上(All of the above)Q 2-1 0 在焊接操作中存在下列哪些对眼睛的危害(Eye hazards found in welding operations include)a.飞溅颗粒(Flying particles)b.辐 射(Radiation)c.烟 雾(Smoke and fumes)d.所有以上的(All of the above)Q 2-11不适合于防止眼睛受到焊接辐射伤害的保护设施：(Protectiv

27、e equipment not suitable for eye protection from welding radiation includes)a.带有滤光板的焊接面罩(Welding helmets with filter plates)b.清晰安全的护目镜(Clear safety goggles)c.带有滤光板的安全护目镜(Safety goggles with filter plates)d.防 护 屏(Protective screens)e.适当分布的屏障(Properly positioned barricades)Q 2-12在焊接和切割操作中合适的衣服材料：(Suit

28、able clothing materials for welding and cutting are)a.65%棉，35%聚 脂(65%cotton,35%polyester)b.毛(Wool)c.化学处理后的棉(Chemically treated cotton)d.以上 b&c(b and c above)e.无以上任一(None of the above)Q 2-13在一台去掉机械防护罩的设备上开始工作前，一个“停机，标识和试用”程序应该完成：(Beforeworking on equipment where machinery guards have been removed,a L

29、ock,Tag,and Try procedureshould be completed.)a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 2-14在焊接期间，为了避免烟雾，最重要的因素是：(In avoiding fumes during welding,the most important factor is)a.母板的形式(The type of base metal)b.填充金属的形式(The type of filler metal)c.焊接工艺的形式(The type of welding process)d.焊机的位置(The position of the welding mac

30、hine)e.焊工的头部位置(The position of the welder head)Q 2-15在焊接和切割操作中，通风并不重要(It is not important to consider ventilation during welding and cutting operations.)a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 2-1 6 当进入一个狭窄的空间，不需要一名后备人员(When entering confined spaces,a standby is not required.)a.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 2-17 焊工可能暴露于某些有毒的

31、材料：(Some of the toxic materials the welder may be exposed to are)a.镉(Cadmium)b.氯(Chromium)c.银(Nickel)d.铅(Lead)e.所有以上(AH of the above)Q 2-18适当的使用和处置压缩气体钢瓶应包括：(Proper usage and handling of compressed gas cylinders include)a.不在钢瓶上施焊(Not welding on cylinders)b.不要把钢瓶放在地面上或在电路中(not including the cylinders

32、 in the ground or electricalcircuit)c.适当进行防护(Securing them properly)d.在使用前对气体进行标识(Identifying the gas prior to use)e.所有以上的(All of the above)Q 2-19 在什么压力值上乙焕会不稳定：(Acetylene becomes unstable above what pressure?)a.5psib.lOpsic.15psid.无以上任一(None of the above)Q 2-20 氧气是一种易燃气体(Oxygen is a flammable gas)a

33、.是(True)b.不 是(False)Q 2-21大约6 兆安以上的电流被认为是：(Electric cunents above approximately 6 milliamperes are considered)a.无危害的(Not hamiful)b.主要 电 流(Primary currents)c.有 害 的(Harmful)d.次要电流(Secondary currents)e.以上的 b 和 c(b and c above)Q 2-2 2 当进行操作气体钢瓶时，主要阀门应该是开启的：(When operating gas cylinders,the primary valve

34、 should be opened)a.乙快瓶是全开的(all the way on an acetylene cylinder)b.在氧气瓶是转一圈(One turn on an oxygen cylinder)c.乙快瓶转一圈或不到(One turn or less on an acetylene cylinder)d.氧气瓶次要的阀门全开(All the way on an oxygen cylinder to backseat the valve)e.c 和 d(c and d above)Welding Inspection Technology Workbook焊接检验技术工作手册

35、Module 3第三单元Metal Joining and Cutting Processes金属连结及切割工艺请不要在此书上书写！Dont write in this book!Q3-1 根 SMAW焊条的药剂涂层的功能是什么：(Which of the following is a function of the flux coating of a SMAW electrode?)a.隔 离(Insulating)b.合 金(Alloying)c.脱 氧(Deoxidation)d.屏 蔽(Shielding)e.所有以上的(All of the above)Q 3-2 SMAW的焊条命名

36、的AWS系统中，倒数第二个数字(紧靠着最后一个数字的数字)代表什么：(In the AWS system of SMAW electrode designations,the next to the last digit refers to)a.冲击强度(Impact strength)b.焊条涂层(Electrode coating)c.焊接位置(Welding position)d.强 度(Strength)e.无以上任一个(None of the above)Q 3-3 下列哪些对 SMAW 焊条 E7024 的叙述是不正确的？(Which of the following is an

37、incorrectstatement about a SMAW electrode designated as E7024)a.这是一种低氢型的(It is a low hydrogen type)b.焊缝熔敷的最小的拉伸强度为 70,000psi.(The weld deposit has a minimum tensile strength of70,000psi.)c.仅适用于平面及水平角焊位置(It is suitable for use in the flat and horizontal fillet positionsonly.)d.用于碳钢的焊接的焊条(It is an ele

38、ctrode for welding carbon steel)e.无以上任一个(None of the above)Q 3-4 卜列哪一项是典型SMAW系统不必要部分？(Of the following which is not an essential part of a typical SMAW system)a.不变电流(Constant current power supply)b.送 丝 机(Wire feeder)c.带焊皮的焊条(Covered electrode)d.焊条导线(Electrode lead)e.工件导线(work lead)Q 3-5 卜.列哪些焊接问题是由于

39、扭曲磁场引起焊弧偏移造成的：(Which of the following welding problems is the result of a distorted magnetic field that deflects thewelding arc?)a.裂 纹(Cracks)b.短 路(short circuiting)c.电弧偏吹(Arc blow)d.焊接电流不足(Insu仿cienl welding currenl)e.所有以上(AH of the above)Q 3-6 下列哪种情况不属于GMAW中的金属接触传递(Which of the following is not co

40、nsidered a type of metal transfer for GMAW?)a.短 路(Short circuiting)b.喷 溅(Spray)c.球 状(Globular)d.小 滴 状(Droplet)e.脉 冲 弧(Pulsed arc)Q 3-7 下 列 哪 种 GMAW 的金属接触传递情况会提供最低的热量到工件，并且造成未熔透倾向？(Which of the following types of metal transfer in GMAW provides the lowest amount of heat to theworkpiece,and therefore

41、is prone to incomplete fusion?)a.短 路(Short circuiting)b.喷 溅(Spray)c.球 状(Globular)d.小 滴 状(Droplet)e.脉 冲 弧(Pulsed arc)Q 3-8 下列哪种气体可以用于GMAW保护气体？(Which of the following gases can be used as shielding gases for GMAW?a.二氧 化 碳(Carbon dioxide)b.氮一氧(Argon-oxygen)c.氨-二氧化碳(Argon-carbon dioxide)d.僦 气(Argon)e.所有

42、以 上(All of the above)Q 3-9 卜列图示是哪种焊接工艺？(What type of welding process is pictured below?)a.SMAWb.GMAWc.FCAWd.SAWe.ESW缝金属 焊缝金属焊接方向Q 3-10 下列哪些不是电弧焊工艺？(Which of the following is not considered an arc welding process?)a.SMAWb.GMAWc.FCAWd.ESWe.无以上任一个(None of the above)Q 3-11在对FCAW焊条命名系统中，在焊条 标 注(E71T-5)的第

43、2 位 数 字(1)是表示：(In the electrode designation system for FCAW,the second digit(1)in an electrode marked(E71T-5)refers to:)a.强 度(Strength)b.焊接位置(Welding position)c.化学万分(Chemical composition)d.可 用 性(Usability)e.无以上任一个(None of the above)Q 3-12下列哪些不总是FCAW系统的一个基本元素？(Which of the following is not always an

44、essential element of an FCAW system?)a.恒压供电(Constant voltage power supply)b.管状焊条(Tubular electrode)c.送丝机(Wire feeder)d.外部保护气体(External shielding gas)e.工件导线(Work lead)Q 3-13 GTAW和 PAW工艺的哪个方面使得它们与其他的弧焊工艺不同？(What aspect of the GTAW and PAW processes makes them different from the other arc weldingproces

45、ses?)a.非 消 耗 焊 条(Nonconsumable electrode)b.提供电源(Power supply)c.保 护(Shielding)d.所有以上的(All of the above)e.无以上任何一个(None of the above)Q 3-14对于GTAW和 PAW工艺的保护主要是通过使用下列哪些来完成的(Shielding for the GTAW and PAW processes is primarily accomplished through the use of)a.粒状熔化(Granular flux)b.熔 渣(Slag)c.惰性气体(Inert g

46、as)d.氧 气(Oxygen)e.无以上任何一个Q 3-15 在鸨焊条上的绿色条纹指的是：(A green stripe on a tungsten electrode designates:)a.纯 鸽(Pure Tungsten)b.1%涂 社 鸨(1%thoriated tungsten)c.2%涂 牡 鸨(2%thoriated tungsten)d.错 化 鸨(Zirconiated tungsten)e.无 以 上任何一个(None of the above)Q 3-16当用GTAW工艺焊接铝时，哪种焊接电流是最通常使用的？(When welding aluminum with

47、the GTAW process,what type of welding current is most commonlyused?)a.DECPb.DECNc.ACd.a 和 be.b 和 cQ 3-17 SAW 和 ESW 在哪个方面相似？(SAW and ESW processes are similar in that)a.二者都是电弧焊工艺(Both are an arc welding process)b.二者都用保护气体(Both use shielding gases)c.都用 要熔化颗粒药剂(Bolh use a granular flux,which becomes mo

48、lten)d.a 和 be.a 和 cQ 3-18 卜列图描述了 什么焊接工艺？(The diagram below depicts what welding process)a.SMAWb.ESWc.FCAWd.SAWe.GMAWQ 3-1 9 由于不适当的焊道宽深比所形成的固化开裂是由于哪一种焊接工艺引起的严重问题？(Solidification cracking due to improper width-to-depth ratio of the weld bead is a serious problemprimarily with which welding process?)a.

49、SMAWb.OFCc.SAWd.所有以上的(All of the above)e.无以上任何一个(None of the above)Q 3-2 0 卜列哪个工艺通常用于平面位置，除非要求用特殊的装置？(Which one of the following processes is typically used in the flat position unless special apparatusis employed?)a.GMAWb.SAWc.FCAWd.SMAWe.GTAWQ 3-21下列哪个对于GTAW和 PAW来说并不寻常？(Which of the following are

50、not common to both GTAW and PAW)a.非消耗鸨焊条(Nonconsumable tungsten electrode)b.收缩口(Constricting orifice)c.保护气体管口(Shielding gas nozzle)d.用在外部的填充金属(Externally applied RUer melal)e.无以上任何一个(None of the above)Q 3-22在使用PAW时使用什么技术可以得到全焊透的焊缝，而无需端部准备？(What technique is employed with PAW to produce full penetrat