2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲06代词含详解.pdf

《2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲06代词含详解.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲06代词含详解.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题0 6 代词代词的分类根据功能不同，代词可以分为7 大类:分类形式人称代词主 格:I,we,you（你）,you（你们）,he,she,it,they宾格：me,us,you（你）,you（你们）,him,her,it,them物主代词形容词性物主代词：my,our,your（你的）,your（你们的）,his,her,its,their名词性物主代词：mine,ours,yours（你的东西），yours（你们的东西）,his,hers,its,theirs反身代词myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,th

2、emselves指示代词近指：this（可用于电话用语）,these远指：that（可用于电话用语）,those疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词much,little,some,any,none,neither,few,other,everything,someone,something,somebody 等关系代词that,which,who,whose,as,whom1）人称代词人称代词主格和宾格的区分要点：人称代词主格作主语，放在句首；人称代词宾格作宾语，放在动词和介词之后。做题时需要注意代词的位置，根据位置选择。如：I love my country.

3、My mother is waiting for him outside.I dont know her.2）物主代词1.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分要点：形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点，不能在句中单独使用，后面要跟名词；名词性物主代词具有名词的特点，可以在句中单独使用，后面不接名词。如：His parents are both office workers.This is my dictionary.Where is yours?My idea is quite different hers.2.人称代词和物主代词的区分要点：人称代词指代的是人或物，而物主代词指的是人与人、人与物

4、之间的所属关系。3.物主代词和比较级的连用My ruler is longer than yours.我的尺子比你的长。这里尤其要注意than后面的代词的形式，为了保持前后比较对象一致，所以后面要用名词性物主代词。【例题】1.Our house is a little larger t h a n(t h e y)and it has more furniture in it.【答案】theirs【解析】根据句意：我们的房子比他们的大一点，家具比较多。这里是我们的房子和他们的房子比，所以是所属物品之间的比较，那首先要选用物主代词，其次这里后面没有名词，所以要选用名词性物主代词theirs.2.

5、May I introduce Mike,a good friend of(I)to you?【答案】mine【解析】名词性物主代词可用在。f 后面与o f 共同作定语，相当于“o f+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或一定的感情色彩。如：He is a friend of mine.3.This is not my Walkman.It s.Mine is over there.A.our B.hers C.your D.my【答案】B【解析】考查物主代词的用法。选项中出现的都是物主代词，根据横线后没有名词，所以应该使用名词性物主代词。所以答案选B.3)反身代词反身代词的常考点一是人称和数的选

6、择，所以要注重句子的翻译，特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择。反身代词的常考点二是一些固定搭配的选用。含有反身代词的常用结构：help oneself(to)自便，enjoy oneself 玩的开心，teach oneself 自学，say to oneself 自言自语,lose oneself in 沉湎于，devoteoneself to 奉献，leave sb.by oneself 将某人独自留下，keep a secret to oneself 保密，hurl oneself 受伤，by oneself独自等。如：The little boy is too young to

7、 look after himself.The children made model planes by themselves.【例题】1.Hi,guys.How was your party yesterday?-Wonderful!We had a big meal and enjoyed.A.themselves B.myself C.yourselves D.ourselves【答案】D【解析】考查反身代词的用法0 themselves“他们自己”，mysel产我自己”，yourselves“你们自己”，ourselve/我 们 自 己:据 句 意“我们吃了顿大餐，玩得很开心”，所以

8、选择答案D。2.Peng Liyuan,the new first lady,has devoted to charity activities over the years.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself【答案】D【解析】考查反身代词的用法。这 里 devote oneself to sth.是固定词组，表示奉献于，所以答案选D。3.Is this model plane yours,Susan?-Yes,its mine.Ifs made by.A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself【答案】A【解析】本题考查反身代词的固定词

9、组by oneself。根据句意：那是我自己做的，答案选A。4.Youre old enough,boy.Youd better do it (you).My father said to me.【答案】yourself4)疑问代词疑问代词主要用法例句w ho谁作主语、宾语、表语Who is the boy on the b汰 e?Who are you talking to?whom 谁Who的宾格形式，作宾语Whom are you talking to?To whom are you talking?whose谁的who的所有格形式Whose book is this?what/whow

10、hat询问某人的职业、地位、性格特征、相貌等。-What is your father?-He is a worker.w ho询问某人的身份、姓名一 Who is the boy under the tree?-He is Mike.what/whichwhat指“什么”，没有一定范围的限定What would you like to eat?which指“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which do you like,spring or summer?5)不定代词(1)some 与 any这里som e与 any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用

11、于肯定句中，a n y 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议带有感情色彩时应用some。an y 还可用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“任何一个”或“随 便 哪 一 个 如：There are some eggs in the basket.Do you have any brothers or sisters?If you find any new words in it,mark them out.Would you like some tea?You can buy it in any shop.(2)many 与 much这里ma

12、ny和 much均表示“许多”。many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词如so,too,how等连用。如：There are too many mistakes in your exercises.How many teachers are there in your school?There are three hundred.much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词如so,too,how等连用。如：He never eats so much breakfast.He has too much work to do.How much water is there in your

13、 bottle?A little.(3)either 与 neitherei由 er指两个人或物之中的任何一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。如：There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of the books is good.Either you or I am students.(4)both 与 allboth表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指 三者或者三者以上都”。如：Both she and I are students.There are many trees standing on both side

14、s of the road.All of us should go there.They all agree to stay there.(5)each 与 everyeach和 every都表示“每一个”之意。each强调个体，可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，可以和o f连用。当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。every强调全体，只能指三个或三个以上的人或事物，不能与o f连用。在句中只能作定语，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。如：There are trees on each side of the road.Every dog has its day.Each of us w

15、ears a yellow T-shirt.(6)(a)few 与(a)little修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词肯定含义a few有一些a little有一点儿否定含义few几乎没有little几乎没有如：He has a few friends.There are few tomatoes in the fridge.So we need to buy some.He has so little money that he cant afford the book.There is a little time left.We dont have to be in such a hurry.【例

16、题】例 1:一Excuse me,how can I get to Nanshan Mountain?-Oh,of these two buses will take you there.You must go and take No.3 bus.A.neither B.all C.none D.both【答案】A【解析】句意：请问，去南山怎么走？-哦，这两路公交车都不能带你去南山，你必须坐3 路公交车。由语境中的two buses可以排除B和 C选项,因为两者都是讨论三者或三者以上事物的;依据“Youmust go and take No.3 bus.”可知空格处需要的是表示否定意的词，因此

17、答案选Ao例 2:He invited some classmates to come to his party，but came.A.a little B.little C.a few D.few【答案】D【解析】考查不定代词辨析。a little和 little修饰不可数名词，a few和 few修饰可数名词；a little和 a few表示肯定，little和 few表示否定；根据but判断句意前后有转折之意，前半句为肯定句，所以后半句应该为否定句，而修饰classmates需要用fe w,所以选择答案D。例 3：I am thirsty.Could you let me have c

18、oke?A.little B.any C.some D.other【答案】C【解析】句意：我渴了，你能让我喝些可乐？根据句意：首先排除A 和 D。其次，此句是期待对方有肯定回答，所以选用some在疑问句中代替any。因此答案选C。例 4：On Mothers Day,our school advised of us to write a letter to our mothers.A.every B.each C.everyone D.no one【答案】B【解析】句意：在母亲节那天，学校建议我们每一个人给自己的母亲写一封信。根据句意先排除D。其次,every后面应接名词；each既可加名词，

19、也可以和o f短语连用；everyone不能与o f短语连用，故答案选B。例 5：-Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?一 I dont c a r e.i s fine.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All【答案】A【解析】句意：你更喜欢哪一样，茶还是咖啡？我不在意。任何一样都行。问话者只提供了茶和咖啡两种饮料选择。而 all指三者或三者以上，不符合题意，排 除 D 选项；both用作句子主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，也排除;根据答句，表明后者不挑剔，任何一样都行，故答案选A。6)复合不定代词(1)some系列的不定代词和any系列的

20、不定代词some系列的不定代词一般用于肯定句。如：There is someone waiting for you at the school gate.any系列的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句，如用于肯定句，则有“任何”的含义。如：There isnt anything else in the fridge now.Do you have anything to say for yourself?Anyone should obey the la w.(注意这里的anyone要翻译成任何人)(2)everyone 与 every one everyone的意思相当于everybody”,只能指

21、人，不能和o f连用。如：I would like everyone to be happy.every o n e 既可以指人也可以指物，可以和o f连用。如：I have every one of her letters.(3)no one,nobody,nothing,与 none不定代词用法例句no one1）不与of连用；2）谓语动词用单数；3）只能指人；4）一般用来回答 who,及含 everyone,anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。Is everyone here today?Yes,Mr.Ma.No one is absent.nobody一Whos in the r

22、oom?Nobody,I think.nothing1）指物；2）一般用于what的提问。-Whats in the box?Nothing but a card.none1）强调数量，既可指人也可以指物；2）可 与 of连用；3）用于how m any或 how m uch提问的回答。-How many passengers were thereon the bus at that time?-None.【例题】例 1：I think can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never gives up easily.A.s

23、omething B.anything C.nothing D.everything【答案】C【解析】句意：我认为没有什么能让安迪改变他的主意。他是一个不轻易放弃的人。本句后句可知，这里是“没有什么”。因此答案选C。例 2：She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was left at home.A.nothing B.none C.something D.nobody【答案】B【解析】句意：她起来服安眠药但发现家里一片都没有了。nothing没有东西，表示什么都没有；none一个都没有，强调数量；something某物；no

24、body 一个人都没有。因此答案选B。复合不定代词和形容词或else（其他）的连用当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something,everything,everyone等时，形容词必须放在复合不定代词的后面。【例题】例 1：My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand.A.different something B.different anythingC.something different D.anything different【答案】C例 2：一Have you read todays news

25、paper?-No,I havent.Is t here in it?A.something important B.anything special C.new anything D.special anything【答案】Bother,the other,others,the others,another 的比较不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one.

26、the other.”;作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部，others泛指别的人或物是 other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语；常与some连用,构成“some.others.”the others特指其余的人或物是 the other的复数形式，特指其余所有的人或物。another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，即不确定数目当中的一个，用作形容词或代词。【例题】1.My family has two dogs.One is w h i t e,i s black.A.other B.another C.the other D others【答案】C

27、2.-The shoes dont fit me.Would you please show me?-Sure.Here you are.A.the other one B.the others C.another pair D.another one【答案】C3.The twins are so much alike that it is difficult to tell one f r om.A.other B.the other C.others D.another【答案】B4.Some people think that the grass is greener on side of

28、 the hill.A.another B.other C.others D.the other【答案】D5.-Oh,the traffic is too heavy.-Lefs change route to the airport.A.other B.others C.the other D.another【答案】D6.Fve just bought five stamps.One is a German stamp,are American stamps.A.the other B.the others C.other D.others【答案】B7）it 的特殊用法1.一般情况下，it表

29、示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。Where is your car?It is over there.你的小汽车在哪儿？（它）在那边。2.但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用 it来代替，此时的i t,并不译为“它”。1）指天气：It is sunny to d a y.今天阳光灿烂。2）指气候或温度：It*s cold in this ro o m.这个房间很冷。3）指时间：What time is it?Its six th irty.几点了？六点半了。4）指距离：How far is it from here to the park?从这儿到公园有多远？It*s abou

30、t two m ile s.大约是二英里。3.“it”在情景对话中有时也可指人，表示不确定是谁的情况。0：Ifs me.Open the door,please.4.在一些常用句型中也会出现it的 用 法,如 Ifs time to have dinner.=Its time for dinner.【例题】1）一Who is knocking at the door?,mum.Open the door,please.A.Its me B.I am C.This is me D.I【答案】A2)What time is now?_ is 12:00 now.A.it,It B.it,Its C

31、.its,It D.its,Its【答案】A3)is very sunny today.Lets go camping.A.It B.Its C.Now D.Its【答案】A8）指示代词分 单 数（this/that）和 复 数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。一般用来指第一次出现的人或物，再次出现用it/he/she代 替 ihis/thal；用 they代替ihese,ihose。用法1）在介绍别人的时候多使用this,如：This is my sister.这是我的妹妹。2）在比较级中多使用th at代指前面提到的那个同类事物，用 those代替前面提到的那些同

32、类事物。例：The weather in summer in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing.The people in China are much more than those in England.3）修饰名词时，放在名词前面，用来表示近指（this/these）或远指（th名those）。例：This desk is mine.（近指眼前的桌子）That desk is Toms.（远指那张桌子）4）th is在电话中指代自己，Ihat则指代对方。例:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?你好!

33、我是玛丽，你是杰克吗?一Yes,this is Jack speaking.是的，我是 Jacko注意这里的回答不能说I am Jack.链接中考：（2022 连云港中考）2.Our English teacher,Miss Li,is kind and patient.We all l i ke.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself【答案】B【解析】考查代词中的人称代词宾格。这里指的是我们都喜欢李老师，老师用的是M iss称呼，所以是 like her.（2022 连云港中考）5.There isnt in the classroom.All the students a

34、re having a PE lesson in theplayground.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody【答案】B【解析】考查不定代词辨析。这里给的是否定句，所以否定句中用anybody,不能用somebody.（2022 无锡中考）4.Coffee or tea,Frank?-Coffee,please.To get r e l a x e d,i s better than a cup of coffee.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything【答案】A【解析】考查不定代词的词义辨析。这句话的意思是：为了得到放松，没有什么能比来一杯咖啡更好了。（2022 扬州市中考）55.Mum joined our little group and introduced to our new friends.（她自己）【答案】herself【解析】句意：妈妈加入我们这个小组，向我们的新朋友介绍她自己。动词“introduced”后缺宾语，表达“她自己”用反身代词herself9故填herselfo（2022 徐州市中考）48.Not many people realize that helping others is h e l p i n g.【答案】48.themselves