2023年江苏中考英语核心语法精讲11状语从句含详解.pdf

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1、专题1 1状语从句概念：指的是在主从复合句中作状语的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；若放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。基本分类:按意义和作用,1.时间状语从句：When Susan goes to town,she will visit her grandma.2.条件状语从句：If he works hard,he will surely succeed.3.结果状语从句：Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.4.目的状语从句：The

2、y worked hard in order that they might succeed.5.原因状语从句：Mary didnt go shopping because I advised her not to.6.让步状语从句：Though we are all different,we need never be separate.7.比较状语从句：I was happier than I had ever been in my life.8.地点状语从句：I will go where I am needed.1 9.方式状语从句：I have changed it as you s

3、uggest.考点一：让步状语从句 让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young,he knows a lot.Although I am tired,I must go on working.注意：although只能用在句首，而 though既可以放句首也可以放句末。(2)although(though)不能和but用在同一个句子中。例如：Though it was raining hard,but he still went out.(X)应该说：Though it was raining hard,he still went o

4、ut.或 It was raining hard,but he still went out.考点二：时间状语从句时间状语从句常用 when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as 等连词来引导。It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake,he sang happily.He had learned a little Ch

5、inese before he came to China.After he finished middle school,he went to work in a factory.Ell ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.when,while,as三者均可译为“在.时候when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动

6、作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；例：He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning.当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车上学。w hile引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当 w hile引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；例：They were singing while we were dancing.我们在唱歌的时候他们在跳舞。as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。例：She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。1）用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指

7、一边.一边.彳 列：The girl sings as she goes to school.2）表示两个同步发生的动作或行为，意思是随着 的发展例：As time went on/by,she became more and more beautiful.3）表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生.例：I watched her as she read the book.4）接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时.例：As a young man,he was active in sports.用 while或 when填空1.Please dont talk so loud others are wo

8、rking.2.he came in,his mother was cooking.3.we were at school,we went to the library every day.【答案】1.while 2.When 2.While当主句是所使句帧谓语动词是F 艇将来时态或情态动词时,其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。这就是我们常说的耳主将从珊，(用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态)【例题】例 l.Fll ring you up as soon as I(get)to New York.例 2.I will tell him everything

9、when h e(c o me)back.例 3.He wont believe it until he(s ee)it with his own eyes.【答案】1.get es 3.seessince:“自从”,憧要考点：现 在 完 成 时 住 句+since+一般过去时(从句)Where have you been since I last saw you?I as well as several colleagues have been in Beijing since 2010.Mr.Green has made quite a few friends since three ye

10、ars ago.It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.-It is+一段时间+since+从句(一般过去时)练习：1.My brother left school in 2005,and since then he in Beijing.A.lives B.lived C.will live D.has lived2.Great changes have taken place since we E-Times.And the computer is widely usedthroughout the world.A.entered

11、 B.will enter C.have entered3.My aunt is a writer.She more than ten books since 1980.A.writesB.wroteC.has writtenD.will write4.China has offered much help to Japan since it by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）.A.hits B.is hit C.was hit D.will be hit5.Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?Yes,since

12、she the Chinese Society.A.joined B.has taken part in C.has joined D.took part in6.How long has Ro b e r t?Since 2004.A.been to Beijing B.become a policemanC.joined the art club D.studied in this school【答案】ADCCADnot.until/till.直至.才.till.直到.为止 until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示

13、延续性动作的动词连用。彳 列：I waited until three oclock,but he didnt come.not.until表示“到为止；直到才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。例：The children didnt come home until it was dark.注意：一旦看到否定，再看到选项中有u n til,可以迅速联想到“not until ”结构，再结合句意进行判断选择。考点三：目的状语从句和结果状语从句so t h a t 表示为了（表目的）so.that.,such.that.表示如此以至于so+形容词/副词+that从句彳 列：Nanjing is s

14、o beautiful that lots of visitors come here every year.南京如此美以至于每年许多游客来这。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句彳 列：Nanjing is so beautiful a city that lots of visitors come here every year.南京如此美以至于每年许多游客来这。so+many/much/few/little+名词+that 从句；仞！：He had so little education that he wasnt able to read or write.他所受教育很

15、少以至于他既不会读也不会写。such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句；彳 列：She is such a good girl that we all like her.她是如此好的一个女孩，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句。例：They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。注意:so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了“，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/sho

16、uld等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以。当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so.that 可以与be.enough to do句型转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与too.to或be not.enough to do句型转换。这也是常考题型，需要注意。如果名词前有many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用s o,不用such。例：The box is so light that he can carry it.=The box is light enough fbr him to car

17、ry.这个箱子够轻，他搬得动。That suit is so expensive that I cant afford it.=The suit is not cheap enough fbr me to afford it.=The suit is too expensive for me to afford it.这套衣服很贵，我买不起。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.考点四：原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：He didnt come to sc

18、hool because he was ill.As it is raining,we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question,Til ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。例如：-Why arent you going there?-Because I dont want to.As he h

19、as no car,he cant get there easily.Since we have no money,we cant buy it.(3)because和 so不能同用在一个句子里。(4)because与 because o f 的区别:because后只能接句子，而 because o f 后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子 o 例如：Because of the bad weather,we put off the sports meeting.Because it rained yesterday,we put off the sports meeting.考点五：条件状

20、语从句 条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导条件状语从句时，一般遵循主将从现的原则。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，状语从句用一般现在时。例：ril help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.You mustnt be late,if you want to go there with me tomorrow.(2)“祈 使 句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up,or

21、youll be late.=If you dont hurry up,youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.注意：(Dunless=if.not.如：You will get lost easily unless you have a map.=You will get lost easily if you dont have a map.if既有”如果”也有“是否”的意思。作“如果”讲时遵循主将从现的原则，作“是否”讲时引导宾语从句。例：I

22、dont know if he will come back tomorrow.I will go to Shanghai if I am free next week.考点六：比较状语从句比较状语从句，只用于两者之间进行比较的情况下，通常由asa s,比较级+than等连词引导，一般和比较级连用。例如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.巩固练习：1、自从她去了国外，你们还保持联系吗？【答案】Have you kept in touch with each other since he wen

23、t abroad?【解析】考 察 since引导时间状语从句与现在完成时的时态结合。注 意 since的主从句时态；搭配:keep in touch with.2、当我来到山顶时，我精疲力尽，再也走不动了。【答案】I was too tired out to walk any farther when I reach the top of the mountain.【解析】考察时间状语从句以及否定句句型，tooto的运用注意时态；主过从过。3、除非亲眼所见，否则你无法想象常州有多美丽。【答案】Unless you see it with your own eyes,you can hardly

24、 imagine how beautiful changzhou is.【解析】考察条件状语从句，注意特殊句式感叹句的形式。4、直到手术成功父母亲才平静下来。【答案】Parents didnt calm down until the operation was successfully.【解析】考察until引导的时间状语从句，主过从过。5、情况将会持续，除非人类停止为老虎身上的皮毛和骨头而猎杀它们。【答案】The situation will continue unless humans stop hunting tigers for their fur and bones.【解析】考察un

25、less引导的条件状语从句,stop doing以及hunt for的运用链接中考：（2022 扬州市中考）3.astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep themselvessafe.A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。考查连词辨析。Though虽然；Till直到；When当.时候；Unless除非。根据“astronauts go onspacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep

26、themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服,用 when引导时间状语从句。故选Co（2022 宿迁市中考）6.Yesterday,Lin Taos speech on how to be a good volunteer waswonderful that we couldnt stop cheering for him.A.so B.very C.too D.quite【答案】A【解析】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。考查副词辨析。so如此,修饰形容词或副词；very非常；too太;quite相当。根据“wonderful th

27、atwe couldn9t stop cheering for him”可知此处是“so+M/./ady.that.”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此以 致 于 故 选 A。（2022 连云港市中考）6.Kitty,these books arc heavy for you carry.Let me help you.A.as.as B.too.to C.such.that D.so.hat【答案】B【解析】考查固定句式“too.to.表 示“太.而不能.（2022 无锡市中考）9.You will not get the special gift you finish all the task

28、s.A.after B.because C.while D.unless【答案】D【解析】考查条件状语从句的连接词unless,表示“除非”。（2022 泰州市中考）4.It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my ownboth of us work together.-No problem.Lets start!A.if B.but C.because D.unless【答案】D【解析】句意：除非我们两个一起努力,否则我一个人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。没问题。让我们开始吧！考

29、查连词辨析。if 如果;but 但是;because 因为；unless 除非。根据“It is impossible to finish the difficulttask in such a short time on my own.both of us work together.”可知，前后句是条件关系，除非两个人一起努力，否则不能完成任务。故选D。（2022 徐州市中考）47.Victory wont come to me I go to it.【答案】47.unless【解析】句意：胜利不会向我走来，除非我走向胜利。句子前后是条件关系，除非走向胜利，否则胜利不会向我走来，用 unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。