2017年英语专业四级真题阅读理解.pdf

《2017年英语专业四级真题阅读理解.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017年英语专业四级真题阅读理解.pdf（49页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、TEXT A Do you realize that every time you take a step,the bones in your hip aresubjected to forces between four and five times your body weight?When you arerunning,this force is increased further still.What happens if through disease ahip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces?For many years

2、hip-joints and otherbody joints have been replaceable either partially or completely.It is after all a simpleball and socket joint;it has certain loads imposed on it;it needs reliability over adefined life;it must contain materials suitable for the working environment.Anyengineer will recognize thes

3、e as characteristic of a typical engineering problem,whichdoctors and engineers have worked together to solve,in order to bring a fresh lease oflife to people who would otherwise be disabled.This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a betterquality of life.The fact that

4、 this country has the most efficient agricultural industry inthe world is another good example.Mechanical engineers have worked with farmersand biologists to produce fertilizers,machinery and harvesting systems.This teameffort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are bett

5、ersuited to mechanical harvesting.Similar advances with other crops have releasedpeople from hard and boring jobs for more creative work,while machines harvestcrops more efficiently with less waste.Providing more food for the rapidly increasingpopulation is yet another role for the mechanical engine

6、er.81.According to the passage,when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints?A.When one is walking.B.When one is running.C.When one is standing.D.When one is lying down.此题答案为B.解析：B o细节类。第一段开头When you are running,this force isincreased further still从文中第一二句可以找到答案。Do you realize that every time you t

7、ake a step,the bones in your hip are subjected toforces between four and five times your body weight?When you are running,thisforce is increased further still.这句话的意思是：当跑步时，这个力量会加重，说明跑步时，hip-joints要承担最重的力量，所以此题答案为B.难词解释：impose on 把.力 口 于 Heavy duties are imposed on imports.对进口物品课以重税。82.Engineers rega

8、rd the replacement of hip-joints as a(n)P ro b le m.A.mechanical B.medical C.health D.agricultural解析：A o 细节类。此题也可以从文中第一段第七、八行找到答案：Anyengineer will recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem 工程师觉得这是一个典型的机械问题.“engineering problem”其中engineering的同义词就是mechanical,所以此题答案为A。词组学习：rega

9、rd as把认作Farmers regard foxes as vermin.农夫把狐狸看成是祸害。83.According to the passage,how do engineers contribute to increasingefficiency of the agricultural industry?A.By working with farmers.B.By working in teams.C.By growing crops of the same height.D.By making agricultural machinery.解析：Do 推断类。第二段提至mecha

10、nical harvesting,machines harvest cropsmore efficiently.,可以推断出工程师致力于推进农业的机械化进程。This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they arebetter suited to mechanical harvesting.Similar advances with other crops havereleased people from hard and boring jobs for more creative

11、 work,while machinesharvest crops more efficiently with less waste.这段话中的蓝色字体有 mechanical,machines,这些都说明是利用机器。对应于选项D。词组学习：contribute to促成Smoking is a major factor contribute to cance匚 吸烟是致癌一个重要因素。84.According to the context,This team effort in Paragraph Two refers toA.mechanical engineers.B.doctors a

12、nd engineers.C.biologists,doctors and farmers.D.farmers,biologists and engineers.解析：D=指代类 Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists toproduce fertilizers,machinery and harvesting systems.这个团队的努力包括农场主、生物学家和机械师.this team effort指代的就是前面那个句中蓝色字体的人Mechanical engineers,farmers and biolog

13、ists对应于D 选项，所以此题答案为D.joint 1 /d50lnt;d50lnt/nrestructure in the body of an animal by which bones are fitted together 关节：ankle,knee,elbow,etc joints 踝、膝、肘等关节*suffer from stiff joints 患关节强直症.2place,line or surface at which two or more things are joined 连接处；接缝；接合面：Check that the joints of the pipes are

14、 sealed properly.检查一下管道的接 口是否封严了.EKany of the parts into which a butcher cuts an animafs carcass;this cooked andserved as meat（生的或熟的）大块肉：a joint of beef 一大块牛肉*carve theSunday joint切开星期日吃的大块肉.SHsl derog 俚，贬）low or shabby bar,club,etc;house or shop 下等的或破旧的酒吧、俱乐部等；房子；店 舍 甫.UKsl 俚）cigarette containing m

15、arijuana 含大麻的香烟.H（idm 习语）case the joint=case2.out of joint（a）（of bones）pushed out ofposition;dislocated（指骨）脱臼：She fell and put her knee out of joint.她摔得膝关节脱臼了.（b）（fig 比喻）in disorder;disorganized 混乱；紊乱：The delays put thewhole schedule out of joint.一再的拖延打乱了 全部安排.put sbs nose out of joint=nose 1.joint

16、v Tn esp passive尤用於被动语态1 provide（sth）with a joint or joints 给（某物）装以活节或关节：a jointed doll,fishing-rod有活动关节的玩具娃娃、活动钓竿.2 divide(a carcass)into joints or at the joints将(屠宰彳灸的动物)分割成大块或在关节处切开:a jointed chicken切成大块的鸡.0joint 2/dso I nt;dso I nt/adj attrib 作定语shared,held or done by two or more people together

17、 共享的；共有的；共同做的:a joint account,ie a bank account in the name of more than one person(eg husbandand wife)联合帐户(不止一人，如夫妇，共有的银行户头)*joint ownership,responsibility,consultation 共同的所有权、责任、协商*a joint effort 共同的努力.I2sharing in an activity,a position,an achievement,etc 共同参与、持有或取得的：joint authors,owners,winners,

18、e tc 合着者、共同持有者、同时获胜者.jointlyadv:a jointly owned business 共同所有的商行.#joint-stock company=stock company(stock 1).replace/ri pieis;ri pies/v3Tn put(sth)back in its place 将(某物)放回原处:replace the book on the shelf把书放回书架上*replace the receiver,ie after telephoning把听筒放回原处(打电话彳爰).2-Tn,Cn.n/a take the place of(sb

19、/sth)代替，取代(某人 某事物):Robots arereplacing people on assembly lines.机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人,*Cananything replace a mothers love?有什麽东西能代替母爱吗？*His deputy replacedhim as leader.他的副手接替他当了领导.B-fTn,Tn.pr sb/sth(with sb/sth)provide a substitute for sb/sth 更换、替换某人 某事物:He is inefficient and must be replaced.他不称职，必须撤换.*r

20、eplace abroken window(with a new o n e)(用新窗户)更换破了的窗户.replaceable/-ebl;-abl/adj that can be replaced 可回归原位的；可代替的；可更换的.replacement n1 U replacing or being replaced 回归原位；代替；更换：the replacement of wornparts磨损零件的更换.2 C（for sb/sth）person or thing that replaces another 代替或替换他者的人或事物：find a replacement for Su

21、e（ie sb to do her work）while she is ill 苏珊生病时找个代她工作的人*attrib作定语 replacement staff替补人员.ball 1basketball1 /bo:l;bol/nSXa）solid or hollow sphere used in games（各种游戏所用的实心或空心的）球：afootball 足球*a tennis-ball 网球*a cricket-ball 板球.=illus at basketball,hockey JS L basketball,hockey 之插图.（b）any similar sphere 任何球

22、状物：Signs withthree balls hang outside pawnbrokers1 shops.当舍甫外面悬挂着三个球的标记.|2（a）（in cricket）single delivery of the ball by the bowler（板球）投球手投出的一个球.（b）（in baseball）any strike or throw（棒球）一击或一投：a foul ball 界外球.（c）（in football,hockey,etc）movement of the ball by a player（足球、曲棍球等的）传球：send over a high ball 高

23、吊传球.Eround mass of material that has been pressed together,rolled or wound into shape挤压、旋滚或缠绕成团的球状物：a meat ball肉丸子*a snowball雪 球*aball of swooKstring 绒线 线 团.EHounded part 圆形部分：the ball of the thumb,ie the part near the palm 大拇指下面近掌心的球形部分.=illus at hand 见 hand 之插图.*the ball of the foot,ie thepart nea

24、r the base of the big to e脚掌下面近拇趾根的球形部分.5（usu pl 通常作复数）（infml n）testicle 睾丸.H（idm 习语）the ball is in ones/sbs court one/sb must make the next move（in anegotiation,etc）（谈判等）下一个轮到自己 某人.a ball offire（infml D）personfull of energy and enthusiasm 精力充沛热情洋溢的人.have the ball at one*s feethave a good chance of

25、succeeding 有成功的好机会.keep/start the ball rollingcontinue/start a conversation or an activity 继续 开始 谈话或活动.（be）on the ball（infml）be alert and aware of new ideas,trends,etc 对新的思想、动向等敏感而熟悉：The new publicity manager is really on the ball.新的宣传部主任确实很内行.play ball（infml 口）co-operate 合作：Theyre refusing to play

26、ball（with us）.他们拒绝（与我们）合作.ball v Tn form（sth）into a ball by winding,squeezing,etc 以缠绕、挤压等方法使（某物）成为一团：ball ones fist攥拳.#,ball-xbearing n（a）type of bearing（5）in which small steel balls are used to reducefriction滚珠轴承.（b）（usu p l通常作复数）any of these balls（滚珠轴承的）滚珠.sballboy,ballgirl ns young person who ret

27、rieves balls for the players in a tennismatch网球场上捡球的年轻人.ballcock n device with a floating ball that controls the water level in a cistern 浮球旋塞；浮球阀.ball game 1 （a）any game played with a ball 球类运动.（b）（US）game of baseball棒球戏.2（si 俚）state of affairs 局面:Were into a whole new ball game.我们正处於一种全新的局面.ballpa

28、rk n1 （US）place where baseball is played 棒球场.2（si 俚）area;range 区域；范围：a guess thats just not in the right ballpark,ie onethat is wildly inaccurate 不着边际的瞎猜*attrib 作定语 a ballpark figure,ie arough estimate约略的数字.ball-point n（also,ball-point pen）pen that writes with a tiny ball at its point whichrolls ink

29、 onto the paper 圆珠笔.Cf 参看 biro.0ball 2/bo:l;bol/nIformal social gathering for dancing（正式举办的）舞会.HXidm 习语）have（oneself）a ball（infml 口 esp US）have a very good time 过得非常愉快.#ballroom n large room used for dancing 跳 舞 厅.Cf 参看 dance-hall（dance 1）.,ballroom dancing formal type of dancing to conventional rhy

30、thms 交际舞;交谊舞.socket/!sokit;、sakit/n natural or artificial hollow into which sth fits or in which sthturns（天然的或人造的）承物凹座，窝（用以容纳某物或某物可在其中转动）；插口;插座：the eye socket,ie the hollow in a human or an animal skull for the eye 眼窝*a socket for an electric light bulb 电灯泡插座.=illus 见插图.load 1/laud;lod/n3C thing tha

31、t is being carried or to be carried,esp if heavy 负荷物，载荷物（尤指沉重的）：a load of sand运载的一批沙子.|2fC(esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词)quantity that can be carried,eg by avehicle 运载的量：coach-loads of tourists 一车车的游客*a boat-load of survivors一船生还的人.5C(a)amount of work that a dynamo,a motor,an engine,etc is required to d

32、o(发电机、电动机、发动机等的)负载，负荷.(b)amount of electric current suppliedby a dynamo or generating station(发电机或发电站的)发电量.EC usu sing 通常作单数(fig 比喻)weight of responsibility,worry,grief,etc(责任、忧虑、悲哀等的)沉重感:a heavy load of guilt沉重的负疚感.5loads(of sth)pl(infml 口)plenty(of sth)大量；许多：loads of friends,money,time 很多朋友、金钱、时间*

33、Have you got any change?，Loads!你有零钱吗?“有的是!HXidm 习语)be/take a,load/,weight off sbs mind=mindl.a,load of(old)rubbish,etc(infml 口)nonsense 胡说八道：Fve never heard such a load of garbage!这麽胡说八道我还从来没听说过！get a load of sb/sth(infml 口)take notice ofsb/sth 注意某人 某事物:Get a load of that old bloke with the funny ha

34、t!你瞧那戴怪帽子的家伙！#load-shedding n U cutting off the supply of electric current on certain lines whenthe general demand is greater than the available supply 甩负荷(电源过载时切断某些线路的电源).0load 2/leud;lod/vHXa)I,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr,Tn.p(up)/-(up with sth);sth/sb(down/up)(with sth);sth(into/onto sth/sb)put a load in or on(s

35、th/sb)装载；使(某事物 某人)负荷:Were still loading.我们仍在装货.*load a lorry(up)with bricks/load bricks onto alorry把砖装进卡车里*loaded down with shopping拿着很多买来的东西*(fig比喻)load sb with honours给某人许多荣誉.(b)I receive a load接受负荷：Theboat is still loading.船仍在上货.2-Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态weight(sth)with lead,etc 用铅等加重(某物):a loaded

36、cane,stick,etc,ie for use as a weapon 加铅的手杖、棒等（用作武器）*loaded dice,ie one weighted so as to fall in a certain way,eg with the six uppermost灌铅色子（掷出彳灸总以某面朝上，如6 点）.EXa）I,Tn,Tn.pr sth（with sth）put film into（a camera）or ammunition into（a gun）将胶卷装入（照相机）;将弹药装入（枪炮）：Be careful,that gurfs loaded.小心，那枪是上了膛的.（b）T

37、n,Tn.pr sth（into sth）place（film or ammunition）thus 装（胶卷或弹药）：load a new film into the camera把新胶卷装进照相机里.EKTn（computing 计）transfer（data or a program）from a storage medium into thememory of a computer装入，写入，寄 存（数据或程序）.IKidm 习语）load the dice（against sb）（usu passive 通常用於被动语态）put sb at adisadvantage 使某人处不利地

38、位：Having lost both his parents when he was a childhe always felt that the dice were loaded against him.他因自小失去双亲，总觉得处处受人欺负.loaded adj1 carrying a load 带负载的.2 pred作表语（s i 俚）very rich富有；阔绰.3（idm 习语）a,loaded question question intended to trap sb into saying sth which hedoes not want to say or which coul

39、d harm him 有圈套的问题（诱人说出其不愿说或对其不利之事者）.lease/li：s;lis/nTcontract by which the owner of land,a building,etc allows another person to use itfor a specified time,usu in return for rent（土地、房屋等的）租约，租契：take outa lease on a holiday home 租妥一所度假住宅*When does the lease expire?租约什麽时候期满？*The lease has four years le

40、ft to run.租约还有四年到期.*（espBrit）have a flat on a 99-year lease 有一套租期为 99 年的单元.=Usage at tenant用法见tenant.idm 习语）a new lease of life=new.lease v Tn,Tn.pr,Dn.n sth（to/from sb）grant or obtain the use of（sth）in thisway 出租；租得：lease a car,building,field 租汽车、房子、土地*The firmleases an office with views over the r

41、iver.公司租一个带临河风景的办事处.#leasehold n (of7on sth)(esp Brit)holding of property by means of a lease 租赁;租赁权;租赁期:have the leasehold on a house,etc 租得一所房子等.adj,adv:aleasehold property租赁的房地产*own a flat leasehold对一套住房有租赁权.leaseholder n.Cf 参看 freehold(freel).typify/tipifai;tipo fal/v(pt,pp-fied)Tn(usu not in th

42、e continuoustenses 通常不用於进行时态)be arepresentative example of(sb/sth)作为(某人 某事物)Now a millionaire,he typifies the self-made m an.他成了百万富翁,可以说是白手起家的典型.*The nurses1 strike typifies public concern about ourhospitals.这次护士罢工集中地反映出公众对医疗事业的关心.fertilize,fertilise 1/1f3：telaiz;v fetl aiz/v TnByintroduce pollen or

43、 sperm into(a plant,an egg or a female animal)so that itdevelops seed or young 使(动植物)受孕，受精，受粉:Flowers are often fertilizedby bees as they gather nectar.蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉.IKmake(soil,etc)fertile or productive 使(土地等)肥沃，多产：fertilize the gardenwith manure给花园施肥.fertilization,-isation/f3：talai zei Jn;US-li!z-;fa

44、tle、zejan/n U:successfulfertilization by the male 授精；受胎.fertilizer,-iser n U,C natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it morefertile 月 巴 料；化肥:Get some more fertilizer for the garden.给花园再多施些肥料.*Bone-meal and nitrates are common fertilizers.骨粉和硝酸盐是普通的肥料.Cf 参看 manure.0fertilize,fertilise

45、 2/feialaiz;v fed aiz/v TnEVintroduce pollen or sperm into(a plant,an egg or a female animal)so that itdevelops seed or young 使（动植物）受孕，受精，受粉:Flowers are often fertilizedby bees as they gather nectar.蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉.物make（soil,etc）fertile or productive 使（土土也等）月 巴 沃，多产：fertilize the gardenwith manure给花园施肥.

46、fertilization,-isation/f3：telai zei Jn;US-li z-;fade、zejan/n U:successfulfertilization by the male 授精;受胎.fertilizer,-iser n U,C natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it morefertile 肥料；化肥：Get some more fertilizer for the garden.给花园再多施些肥料.*Bone-meal and nitrates are common fertilizers,

47、骨粉和硝酸盐是普通的肥料.Cf 参看 manure.0fertilize,fertilise 1 /1f3：alz;、fatl aiz/v TnEXintroduce pollen or sperm into（a plant,an egg or a female animal）so that itdevelops seed or young 使（动植物）受孕，受精，受粉：Flowers are often fertilizedby bees as they gather nectar.蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉.物make（soil,etc）fertile or productive 使（土地等）肥

48、沃，多产：fertilize the gardenwith manure给花园施肥.fertilization,-isation/f3：telal zel/n;US-11,z-fatla zejsn/n U:successfulfertilization by the male 授精；受胎.fertilizer,-iser n U,C natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it morefertile 肥料；化肥:Get some more fertilizer for the garden.给花园再多施些肥料.*Bone-

49、meal and nitrates are common fertilizers.骨粉和硝酸盐是普通的肥料.Cf 参看 manure.0fertilize,fertilise 2/1f3：telaiz;v fetl aiz/v TnEintroduce pollen or sperm into（a plant,an egg or a female animal）so that itdevelops seed or young 使（动植物）受孕，受精，受粉:Flowers are often fertilizedby bees as they gather nectar.蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉.物

50、make（soil,etc）fertile or productive 使（土地等）肥沃，多产：fertilize the gardenwith manure给花园施肥.fertilization,-isation/f3：telal teljn;US-11 1z-;fatla、zefen/n U:successfulfertilization by the male 授精；受胎.fertilizer,-iser n U,C natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it morefertile 肥料；化肥：Get some mo