2023年大学英语四级试题阅读理解及注释.pdf

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1、2023年1月大学英语四级阅读理解2023年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Fm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier ormore or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.While any of these statements might be

2、 true,theyarc practically impossible to prove scientifically.Still,I was struck by a report which concluded that todayschildren are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s.In fact,the analysis showed,normal childrenage 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who w

3、ere treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are Americas kids so stressed?The report cites two main causes:increasing physical isolation brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community,among other things-and a growingperception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given th

4、at wc cant turn the clock back,adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing(哺育)a better appreciation of the limits of individualism.No child is anisland.Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.To help

5、 kids build stronger connections with others,you can pull the plug on TVs and computers.Yourfamily will thank you later.They will have more time for face-to-face relationships,ad they will get moresleep.Limit the amount of virtual(虚才以的)violence your children are exposed to.Its not just video games a

6、ndmovies;children see a lot of murders and crimes on the local news.Keep you expectations fbr your children reasonable.Many highly successful people never attended Harvardor Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine.It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a goodmodel fbr your k

7、ids.Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable.But it doesnt have to ruin your life.21.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are_.A)surprisingB)confusingC)illogicalD)questionable22.What docs the author means when he says,“wc canf turn the clock back”(Line 1,Para.3)

8、?A)Its impossible to slow down the pace of change.B)The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C)Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D)Its impossible to forget the past.23.According to an analysis,compared with normal children today,children treated as mentally ill 50

9、 years agoA)were less isolated physicallyB)were probably less self-centeredC)probably suffered less from anxietyD)were considered less individualistic24.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is_.A)to provide them with a safer environmentB)to lower their expectat

10、ions for themC)to get them more involved sociallyD)to set a good model fbr them to follow25.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A)Anxiety,though unavoidable,can be coped with.B)Childrens anxiety has been cnomiously exaggerated.C)Childrens anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D

11、)Anxiety,if properly controlled,may help children become mature.2023年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比5 0年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。即使这些研究结论是对的的，也无法得到科学的验证。同时我对一份报告感到很震惊，其中提到今天的孩子比50年代的孩子有明显的焦急感。事实上，有分析表白，现 在9到11岁的正常孩子表现出的焦急限度比50年前接受精神病治疗的孩子还要高。为什么美国的孩子们如此焦急呢？报告中引证了两个因素：由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而导致的与世隔

12、绝；尚有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。尽管我们不能使时钟逆转，成年人还是可认为下一代做许多事情的。一方面要培养孩子们更好地领略个人主义的局限性。任何一个孩子都不是一座与世隔绝的孤岛。加强社会联系能帮助他们更多地参与社交活动，使他们免受压力的困扰。部助孩子们与别人建立更多的联系。你可以毁掉电视和计算机，不久之后你的家庭会感谢你的。他们可以有更多的时间建立一种面对面的关系并且睡得更香。限制你的孩子们接触到一些虚拟的暴力。不仅录像和电影中有暴力场面，孩子们也从本地的报纸上读到了大量关于谋杀和犯罪的消息。对你的孩子要有合理的盼望。很多功成名就的人士也从未上过哈佛或耶鲁。使锻炼成为你平常生活的一部分

13、。这可以帮助你很好地解决你的焦急并且为你的孩子提供一种好的楷模。有时候焦急是不可避免的，但它还不至于会毁了你的生活。2 1.作 者 认 为，关于人们精神状态的任何研究结论是 _ _。A）令人吃惊的B）迷惑的C）不合逻辑的D）质疑的2 2.作 者 说“我们不能使时钟逆转”（第3段 第1行）是什么意思？A）不能减缓变化的速度。B）孩子们面对的社会现状是不能改变的。C）过去的教训不能遗忘。D）不也许忘掉过去。2 3 .根据分析，与今天正常的孩子相比，5 0年前接受精神病治疗的孩子 _ _。A）更少与世隔绝B）也许更少以自我为中心C）也许遭遇的焦急更少D）被认为具有更少的个人主义2 4 .为帮助孩子们

14、，父母首要该做的是_ _ ,A）给孩子们提供一个更加安全的环境B）减少对孩子们的盼望C）让孩子们更多的参与社会D)为孩子们树立一个学习的好楷模2 5.我们可以从文章中得出什么结论？川 点 点，尽管不可避免,但可以被恰当解决。B)孩子们的焦急被极度夸大了。C)假如有更多的父母关爱，孩子们的焦急可以被消除。D)假如恰当的控制焦急，可以帮助孩子们变得成熟。【答 案】2122232425DBCCAI注释】本文属于果因分析性的文章，即“提出问题分析问题解决问题 型。中心议题是孩子的焦急(anxious)问题，作者开篇以一个研究的结果导出中心：对 比5 0年前，现在的孩子比以前更感到有压力和焦急。第2自然

15、段分析导致孩子感到焦急的因素，第3自然段至第8自然段阐述解决方法：父母应当如何帮助孩子减少压力和焦急。【答 案 解 析】21.(D)o 本题考点出自第 1 自然段第 1 6 o iln usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludesthat”其中，skeptical”的意思是“怀疑的，有疑问的“，也就是questionable有问题的 的意思。22.(B)。本题考点出自第3自然段。根据上下文，“we cant turn the clock back”意思是“我们无法把时针反调回去“，也就是说，目前孩子有焦急的这个现实已经无法

16、改变了。23.(C)。本题考点出自第 I 自然段 2In fact,nonnal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxietytoday than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years age.对比 50 年前的有精神病的孩子，正常的孩子比他们更忧虑。反过来说，有精神病的孩子比正常的孩子遭受的忧虑少。24.(C),本题考点出自第 4、5 自然段。第 4 自然段“At the top of the list is nurturing a better apprec

17、iationof individualism.父母一方面要做的是让孩子更好地、更多地与人交往、沟通。”第5自然段“strongerconnections with others与别人更多地接触“，也就是，父母一方面要做的是让孩子更多地融入到社会当中。25.(A)c综合全文，作者开篇提出问题现在的孩子比以前的孩子更加忧虑，接着分析因素，最后阐述解决的方法父母可以帮助孩子减少压力和忧虑。所以根据文章我们可以得到“虽然忧虑是不可避免的，但可以通过各种方式来解决、对付。“【难句分析】1.【句型分析】Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that（

18、that引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的 research）concludes that（that 引导 conclude 的宾语从句）people are either happier or（连词 or 连接 happier和 unhappier,表达选择）unhappier or（连词 or 连接 happier or unhappier 和 more or less certain,与前面的either 构成搭配，表达选择）more or（连词 or 连接 more 和 less,表达选择）less certain of themselves than theywere 50 years

19、ago.【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比5 0年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。（注意连词o r的用法以及that的用法。）2.【句型分析】Still.I was struck by a report which（which引导限制性定语从句,修饰前面的report）concluded that（that 引 导 conclude 的 宾语从 句）todays children are significantly more anxious than children inthe 1950s.【参考译文】同时我对一份报告感到很震惊，其中提到今天的孩子比5 0年代的孩子有

20、明显的焦急感。（注意定语从句的用法和翻译以及that引导的宾语从句的用法。）3.句型分析】The report cites two main causes:increasing physical isolation-（破折号引出插入语）brought on by high divorce rates and（连4司 and 连接 high divorce rates 和 less involvement）less involvement incommunity,among other things-and a growing perception that（that 引 导 perceptio

21、n 的 同位语从句）the worldis a more dangerous place.【参考译文】报告中引证了两个因素：由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而导致的与世隔绝；尚有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。（注意冒号的用法，表达一般特殊型，并注意同位从句的辩认和翻译。）2023年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第2篇Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside,th

22、e organizational constraints（约束）influence wage increases.One thing,however,is certain:your chances of getting the raise you feel youdeserve arc less if you dont at least ask fbr it.Men tend to ask fbr more,and they get more,and this holds truewith other resources,not just pay increases.Consider Beth

23、s story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask fbr it.we had cubicle(小隔间)offices and window offices.Isat in the cubicle with several male colleagues.One by one they were moved into window offices,while Iremained in the cubicles,several males who were hired after me also went to offices.One i

24、n particular told me hewas next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations fbr the job.I uses they thought mecontent to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit,but“nice is

25、nt a qualityattributed to most organizations.If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay,youll probably have to ask fbrit.Performance is your best bargaining chip(筹码)when you are seeking a raise.You must be able todemonstrate that you deserve a raise.Timing is also a good bargaining chip.If y

26、ou can give your boss somethinghe or she needs(a new client or a sizable contract,fbr example)just before merit pay decisions are being made,you arc more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too.Find out what you are worth on the open market.What willsomeone else pay

27、 for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to usecommunication style to guide the direction of the interaction.26.According to the passage,before taking a job,a person should_.A)demonstrate his capabilityB)give his boss

28、a god impressionC)ask fbr as much money as he canD)ask fbr the salary he hopes to get27.What can be inferred from Beths story?A)Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B)If people want what they deserve,they have to ask for it.C)People should not be content with what they have got

29、.D)People should be careful when negotiating for a job.28.We can learn from the passage that_.A)unfairness exists in salary increasesB)most people are overworked and underpaidC)one should avoid overstating ones performanceD)most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises29.To get a pay rais

30、e,a person shouldA)advertise himself on the job marketB)persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC)try to get inside information about the organizationD)do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions30.To be successful in negotiations,one must_.A)meet his boss at the appropria

31、te timeB)arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC)be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD)be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes2023年1月大学英语四级真题第2篇注释【参考译文】在进入一家公司之前就谈妥你的工资规定要容易些，因素是你一旦工作了，公司组织的约束会影响你的加薪。然而有一点是拟定的：假如你不积极规定，那么你觉得你有资格加薪的机会实际要少得多。人们积极规定想得到更多就会得到更多。这一点对于其它回报也同

32、样合用，而并不只针对加薪。让我们看一下Beth的例子。我没有积极规定就得不到我想要的。公司有小隔间的办公间和单个带窗户的办公室。我和很多男同事一起做在小隔间里。当我还留在小隔间时，他们-个接一个甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了单间的办公室。他们其中一个告诉我，他在谈工作的时候就积极规定有一个办公室。既然我没有用任何方式表达我的想法，我就像他们认为的同样满足于呆在小隔间。假如可以根据表现好而积极加薪那就好了，但多数公司没有这样的好心。假如你觉得你的表现应得到加薪，就要积极提出来。表现业绩是你规定加薪的最佳筹码。你必须表现出你值得加薪。同样时间也是一个好筹码。在公司要根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前，你假

33、如能给老板他想要的某个东西譬如说一个新客户或是一个数额可观的协议，你就更有也许得到你想要的加薪。信息也可以作为一种筹码。在开放的市场中找出你的价值。别人将为你的服务提供什么样的回报？与老板进行谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈判桌上，运用一定的交流方法引导谈判的发展方向。26.根 据 文 章，一个人得到工作之前一方面应当A）展示他的能力B）给他的老板一个好印象C）尽也许索要更多的钱D）规定他希望得到的薪水2 7 .我们可以从B a t h的例子得出什么结论？A）对女性的偏见在一些公司中仍然存在。B）人们想得到什么就要积极规定。C）人们不应满足于已有的一切。D）人们商谈一项工作时应仔细。2 8

34、.我们可以从文章推理出 _ _。A）加薪中存在不公正B）多数人工作过度劳累而报酬甚少C）不应夺大自己的表现D）多数公司自动给员工加薪2 9 .为了得到加薪，应 当 _ _。A）在劳务市场自我推销B）劝说老板签一份长期协议C）设法获得有关公司的内部情报D）在根据业务做出加薪决定之前做些事加深老板对你的印象3 0 .为了在谈判中成功，应当 _ _oA）在恰当的时间与老板见面B）准时到谈判桌C）擅长影响谈判的结果D）熟悉老板的好恶【答 案】【注释】2627282930DBADC本文属于一般阐述性的文章c中心议题是提薪(wages increases),作 者 借Belh的经历说明想要加薪或升职，就应

35、当明确地提出规定。作者开篇提出中心wages increases,接 着 第2自然段以Beth的经历说明中心。第3自然段阐述自动提薪。第4、5、6自然段阐述假如你规定提薪或升职，就应当做好可以被加薪的准备。【答案解析】26.(D)o本题考点出自第1自然段。“It is easier to negotiable salary requirement.在工作之前应当对自己盼望的薪金提出规定。”27.(B)o本题考点出自第2、3自然段。第2自然段阐述了 B eth规定提薪的经历，他没有说出自己的规定。而第3自然段针对B eth的例子说明了“想要加薪或升职，就应当明确地提出规定。即原文中的“youll

36、probably have to ask for il.你应当提出规定。”28.(A)o本题考点出自第2、3自然段。根 据 第2自然段的具体阐述以及第3自然段的“It would be niceif we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merito假如我们都能得到等同于我们的价值的自动提薪，那当然是好事。”作者使用了虚拟语气，暗示了只有我们自己规定提薪，老板是不会积极给你提薪的，也就是“在提薪方面存在着不公平的现象29.(D)o本题考点出自第4自然段。本段阐述了假如你规定提薪或升职，就应当做好准备，也就是Performanc

37、e is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise.好的表现是你规定提薪或晋升的最佳的谈判祛码。”所以规定提薪或升职，就应当“在你的价值被认定以前做一些让老板印象深刻的事情30.(C)o 本题考点出自第 6 自 然段。place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared touse communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.在适当是时间把你的 祛码 摆出来，并且准备好

38、运用交流方式去引导互动谈话的方向，(使得其往你所期待的结果发展。)“所以，要想谈判成功，必须 很 好 地 影 响(谈 话)互 动 的 结 果。【难句分析】1.【句型分析】One by one they were moved into window offices,while(表达前后的对比，比 较)Iremained in the cubicles,several males who（who 引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的 several males）were hiredafter me also went to offices.【参考译文】当我还留在小隔间时，他们一个接一个甚至比我晚到公司的

39、都搬入了单间的办公室。他们其中一个告诉我，他在谈工作的时候就积极规定有一个办公室。（对比和比较是英语中作者经常使用的写作方法，在理解时需要注意作者对比的目的是为了强调哪一个方面，对 比的目的是为了说明什么问题。）2.【句型分析】If（if引导条件状语从句）you can give your boss something（省略了 th a t,引导限制性定语从句,多饰前面的 something）he or she needs（a new client or a sizable contract,for example）just before（before 引导时间月 失 语 从句）merit p

40、ay decisions are being made,you are more likely to get the raise（省略了th a t,引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的raise）you want.【参考译文】在公司要根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前，你假如能给老板他想要的某个东西一譬如说一个新客户或是一个数额可观的协议，你就更有也许得到你想要的加薪。（注意省略了 that的定语从句的辨认和翻译方法。）3.【句型分析】Go into the negotiations prepared（过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的negotiations）to placeyour chips on

41、the table at the appropriate time and（连词 and 连接 prepared 和 prepared）prepared to usecommunication style to guide the direction of the interaction.【参考译文】与老板进行谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈判桌上，运用一定的交流方法引导谈判的发展方向。（注意分词作后置定语的用法和翻译。）2023年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第3篇Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When familie

42、s gather for Christmas dinner,some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmasgeneration.Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver,and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes,this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware（粗 陶）and-stainlessin

43、formality,with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look.For hosts and guests,the change means greatersimplicity and comfort.For makers of fine china in Britain,it spells economic hard timesLast week Royal Doulton,the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent,announced that it is eliminating 1,00（）job

44、s-one-fifth of its total workforce.That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months inthe pottery（陶 瓷）region.Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke havetheir ro

45、ots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman fbr Royal Doulton admitted that the company“has beensomewhat slow in catching up with the trend“toward casual dining.Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or they eat in front of television

46、.Even dinner parties,if they happen at all,have gone casual.In a time of long work hours and demandingfamily schedules,busy hosts insist,rightly,that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the familyroom than to wait fbr the perfect moment or a real”dinner party.Too often,the perfect

47、 moment never comes.Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth?Forget it.Polish the silver?Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side.The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once havelearned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents(Chew with your mouth

48、 closed.”“Keep your elbows off the table.)must be picked up elsewhere.Some companies now offer etiquette seminarsfor employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.31.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in_.A)bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB)shrinking of the potte

49、ry industryC)restructuring of large enterprisesD)economic recession in Great Britain32.Which of the following may be the best reason fbr casual dining?A)Family members need more time to relax.B)Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C)People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D

50、)Young people wont follow the etiquette of the older generation.33.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is_.A)a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB)a dealer in stonewareC)a pottery chain storeD)a producer of fine china34.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is_.A