历年专八翻译真题.pdf

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1、历年专八翻译真题（一）1997 年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive:that much is inevitable.But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society power of choice.We can choose tomake opera and other expensive forms of culture,accessible（易接近的，可达至lj 的）to those whocannot i

2、ndividually pay for it.The question is:why should we?No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food,shelter,defence,health and education.But even in a prehistoric cave,man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat,drink or fight,but also to draw.The impulse（冲动）towards culture,the desire to express an

3、d explore the world through imagination andrepresentation（表述、陈述）is fundamental.In Europe,this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music,art,literature and theatre.These masterpieces are thetouchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts;they are the touchstones for the possibilities

4、 towhich human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求 Fl 标、渴望）；they carry the mostprofound（深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.参考答案】English to Chinese译 文 1：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认

5、食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播。译文2：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受，而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而，只要你不放弃对社会权利的选择，高档享受不可避免地成为富人的特有的领域。我们可以让歌剧和其他费用昂贵

6、的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教育的必要性。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，或者是单纯地为了搏杀，也可以是为了刻画。人们对文化的冲动，对表达的渴望，以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等，才是最根本的。在欧洲L人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人类努力程度的标准，也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准，它们承载着丰富的信息，并得以在彼此之间相互传播。1998 年：English to Chinese：I agree to some extent wi

7、th my imaginary English reader.American literary historians are perhapsprone to view their own national scene too narrowly,mistaking prominence for uniqueness.Theydo over-phrase their own literature,or certainly its minor figures.And Americans do swing fromaggressive over phrase of their literature

8、to an equally unfortunate,imitative deference.But then,the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals.Moreover,in fields wherethey are not pre-eminent e.g.in painting and music they too alternate between boasting ofnative products and copying those of the Continent.How many

9、 English paintings try to look asthough they were done in Paris;how many times have we read in articles that they really representan“English tradition“after all.To speak of American literature,then,is not to assert（断言、声称）that it is completely unlike thatof Europe.Broadly speaking,America and Europe

10、have kept step（同步）.At any given moment（在任何时候）the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture,the same stylesin dress,the same books on the shelves.Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men andmerchandise,though sometimes more slowly.When I refer to American habit,thoughts,et

11、c.,Iintend some sort of qualification（限制、限定、资格）to precede（领先、超前）the word,forfrequently the difference between America and Europe（especially England）will be one of degree（唯一只是在程度上），sometimes only of a small degree.The amount of divergence（分歧、差异）is a subtle（微妙的）affair,liable（有可能的）to perplex the Englis

12、hman when he looksat America.He is looking at a country which in important senses（重要的感觉）grew out of hisown,which in several ways（在有些方面）still resembles his own and which is yet a foreigncountry.There are odd overlappings（重叠）and abrupt unfamiliarities;kinship（亲缘关系）yieldsto a sudden alienation（疏远关系）,as

13、 when we hail（打招呼）a person across the street,only todiscover from his blank（没有表情的）response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.【参考译文二】谈到“美国”文学，并不是说它与欧洲文学完全不同。总体来说，美国和欧洲一直保持同步发展。旅游者在任何时候都能在两地看到（城市里矗立的是）同一样式的建筑,（人们穿着的是）同一款式的服饰，摆放在书架上的是同一风格的书籍。思想观念也象人和商品一样可以自由地跨越大西洋，只是有时在时间上要慢得多。谈到美国人的习惯和思想等概

14、念时，我想在“美国式”的前面再加上某个限制性的词语，因为在欧美之间（尤其是美英之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，而且有的时候，差异的程度也很小，差异也几乎是微乎其微的。英国人看美国，很可能会让他们感到迷惑不解。感到他们看到的这个国家好象是从自己国家发展而来的，很多方面和他们自己的国家类似，然而却仍然是“外 国 两 个 国家有着莫名的相似，却又给人一种突然的陌生感。疏远感突然间取代了亲缘关系，就仿佛我们隔着马路打招呼一样，从对方那茫然的神情中发现我们原来是认错了人。【参考译文一English to Chinese：因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。一般来

15、说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时.，旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑，见到同一款式的服饰，读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在大洋两岸，人们的思想观念，就容易同人员与货物一样，可以自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时，我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰，因为欧美之间（尤其是英美之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而己，而且在有的时候，是极低程度上的差异而已。差异的程度微乎其微，很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是，英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国，并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几一然而，实实在在是个异邦。两地有着莫名的共同之处，以及令人深感突兀

16、的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形同陌路，就仿佛隔着马路招呼，等看到对方一脸茫然时，我们才意识到认错人。1999 年：English to Chinese：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons:to extend thefamily line or the family name,to propitiate the ancestors;to enable the proper functioning ofreligious rituals involving the family.

17、Such reasons may seem thin in the modern,secularizedsociety but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition,one class（一类）of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the followingcategory,namely,having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage:to hold the husbandor o

18、ccupy（使 忙（有事干）the wife;to repair or rejuvenate the marriage;to increase thenumber of children on the assumption（设想、假设 consumption 消费）that family happiness liesthat way.The point is underlined（突出、显现）by its converse（反面、相反）:in some societiesthe failure to bear children（养孩子）（or males）is a threat to the

19、marriage and a ready cause fordivorce.Beyond all that（除 了 这 些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的）significance of children to thevery institution（结构）of the family itself.To many people,husband and wife alone do not seema proper family（完整的）一they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）,to validate（使有效）i

20、ts family character（家族的特征、风格）,to gather（增加、集合）the redemptive（赎回的，用于补偿的）influence of offspring.Children need the family,but the family seems also to need children,as the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯）available,at least in principle,for（获得）security,comfort,assurance,and direction in a changing,of

21、ten hostile world.To most people,such a home base,in the literal sense,needs more than oneperson for sustenance（生计）and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）.【参考答案】：English to Chinese：另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭

22、示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种【可报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。2000 年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEIf people mean anything at all by th

23、e expression“untimely（不合时宜的,timely:适时的、及时的）death”,they must believe that some deaths run on（连续，不分段，流逝，涉及）a betterschedule than others.Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a fullone.But with the passing（=passing away 死亡）of a young person,one assumes（假定、设想）that the be

24、st years lay ahead and the measure（尺度、评价）of that life was still to be taken.History denies this,of course.Among prominent（卓越的、突出的）summer（壮年时期，青春）deaths,one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe（马丽莲梦露）and James Deans（詹姆士迪恩斯）,whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.Writers cannot bear the fact that po

25、et John Keats（约翰济慈）died at 26,and only half playfully（开玩笑地）judge their own lives as failureswhen they pass that year.The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives aremeasured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity（强度、亮度=achievements:成就）and virt

26、ue（德行、品德）.【参考译文】如果人们使用“死不逢时”的时候有所指的话，那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终正寝，而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不逢时”一人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是种圆满。但是对于个英年早逝的人，人们常常认为他的好日子还在后头，对他短暂的一生作出评价还为时尚早。然而，历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物，人们常常回想起马丽莲梦露和詹姆士迪恩斯。二人生命虽短，却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰济慈26岁便匆匆辞世的残酷现实，然而，当他们26岁时，只有自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了。那种认为生命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的，因为评价一个人的一

27、生应当看他给世人留下的印象，他所取得的成就，以及他的个人品质。2001 年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEPossession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have beenThoreaus idea of the low levels.The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what isenduring in nature would have been his idea of the hig

28、h.What he saved from the low was timeand effort he could spend on the high.Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation,but he wouldput into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more importantefforts.E ffort is 1he gist（要点，主旨）of it.There is no happiness except as we t

29、ake on（接纳）life-engaging（有魅力的、迷人的）difficulties.Short of the impossible,as Yeats put it,thesatisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties.Robert Frostwas thinking in something like the same terms（相同的表达、看法）when he spoke of Thepleasure of taking pains”.The mortal flaw

30、（致命的缺陷）in the advertised version of happiness isin the fact that it purports（宣称、声称）to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games（体育 比赛、游戏）.We demand it because withoutdifficulty there can be no game.A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it.Therules of the game are an arbi

31、trary（武断的）imposition（强迫接受）of difficulty.When someoneruins the fun,he always does so by refusing to play by the rules.It is easier to win at chess if youare free,at your pleasure,to change the wholly arbitrary rules,but the fun is in winning within therules.No difficulty,no fun.【参考译文】努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难

32、困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐 时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。2002 年：ENGLIS

33、H TO CHINESEThe word“winner and“loser“have many meanings.When they refer to a person as a winner,wedo not mean one who makes some else lose.To us,a winner is one who responds authentically bybeing credible,trustworthy,responsive,and genien,both as an individual and as a member of asociety.Winners do

34、 not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be;rather,theyare themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance,maintainingpretence（伪装）and manipulating（操纵）others.They are aware that there is a difference betweenbeing loving and acting loving,between be

35、ing stupid and acting stupid,between beingknowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.优胜者会有自己的生活理念，其生活不会局限于某种假想的理念；取而代之的是，他们坚持自我，并不会费力去装腔作势，刻意去维持虚伪，或者劳神去操纵他人。他们深知，真爱和虚情之差，愚蠢和糊涂之异，真才和伪学之别。优胜者无需掩藏自我。Winners are not afraid of to do their own thinking and to use thei

36、r own knowledge.They canseparate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers.They listen to others,evaluate what they say,but come to their own conclusions.Although winners can admire andrespect other people,they are not totally defined,demolished（毁坏、推翻），bound,or awed（敬畏）by them.优胜者

37、勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能辨别意念和事实，不会假装自己无所不晓，无所不能。他们善于倾听他人的见解，并权衡其利弊，但最终得出的是自己的结论。尽管他们会敬重他人，但不会受到局限和束缚，也不会被吓倒，更不会因此而自溃。Winners do not play“helpless”,nor do they play the blaming game.Instead,they assume（假定、设想、采取）responsibility for their own lives.优胜者不会面对困难而显得无助（敢于只面困难），也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们会努力肩负起自己对待生活的责任。【参考答案】ENGL

38、ISH TO CHINESE胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道；相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在真心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。胜者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来，不会僭称自己无所不晓。他们会倾听他人的见解，并权衡利弊，从而最终得出自己的结论。尽管会钦佩敬重他人，但他们从不为其所羁绊。胜者绝不装出可怜巴巴的样子，以企图博得他人同情，他们也不怨天尤人。相反，他

39、们会毅然肩负起对自己人生的责任。ST 1.成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。St2:成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会

40、耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。2003 年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEIn his classic novel,The Pioneers,James Fenimore Cooper has his hero,a lan

41、d developer,withhis cousin on a tour of the city he is building.He describes the broad streets,rows of houses,abustling metropolis（大城市，大都市）.But his cousin looks around bewildered（困惑、迷惑）.All she sees is a forest.Where are the beauties and improvements（改造的地方）which you wereto show me?she asks.Hes aston

42、ished she cant see them.Where!Why everywhere,he replies.For though they are not yet built on earth,he has built them in his mind,and they are as concreteto him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustratingC 讲述、描述、阐述）a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness（minded:有思想的

43、,着眼未来的）:the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future;thefreedom to feel unencumbered【没有阻碍的，不受妨碍的：cumber（n.）阐导encumber（v.）阻碍encumbered 有阻碍的unencumbered 没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionallyattached to things to come.As Albert Einstein once said,*Life for the American is always

44、becoming（会变成什么样子）,never being（现在是什么样子）【参考答案】ENGLISH TO CHINESE詹姆斯费尼莫 库珀在其经典小说 拓荒者中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘攘的大都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方又在哪？开发商没料到他的表妹竟看不到他所讲的 切，惊讶地回答说，“哪儿?到处都是啊!”虽然这切还未在大地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对他来说，这一切都像已经建成竣工了那样真实具体。在这里库珀揭示了

45、美国人的一个典型特点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”2004 年：ENGLISH TO CHINESEFor me the most interesting thing about a solitary life,and mine has been that for the last twentyyears,is that it becomes increasingly rewarding.When I ca

46、n wake up and watch the sun rise overthe ocean,as I do most days,and know that I have an entire day ahead,uninterrupted,in which towrite a few pages,take a walk with my dog,read and listen to music,I am flooded with happiness.Im lonely only when I am overtired,when I have worked too long without a b

47、reak,when from thetime being I feel empty and need filling up.And I am lonely sometimes when I come back homeafter a lecture trip,when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot,and am full to the brim（边缘）with experience that needs to be sorted out（挑选、选择）.Then for a little while the house feels hu

48、ge and empty,and I wonder where my self（本性、本我）is hiding.It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps,by looking again ateach one（指代 plant 植物）as though it were a person.It takes a while,as I watch the surf（水浪）blowing up in fountains（喷泉）,but the moment（指the lonely moment）comes whe

49、n the worlds falls away,and the self emerges again from the deepunconscious（潜意识），bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowlyunderstood.【参考答案】CHINESE TO ENGLISH只有我在非常疲劳的时候，在我不断工作了很长时间以后，在我倍感空虚，需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候，在讲了很多话后，而且有太多经历需要整理时，我也会感到寂寞。于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又大又

50、空，我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。这时，我必须给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，仿佛他们是有生命的精灵一般，这样我才能慢慢找到我的那个 自我。很长一段时间，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失，当我再次从我内心深处的无意识中冒出来时，带给我最近的种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领会时.，我才会感到寂寞。当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下的时候，我会觉得孤独。有时，我出差做讲座，见很多人，说很多话，回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理，这时我也会觉得孤独。(St.Version 1)那一刻，我会觉得房子异常空旷，也不知道自己身在何处。我只得去给花木浇水，或者把它们当成人来洞察，这