情态动词与虚拟语气-2022年高考英语备考纠错笔记.pdf

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1、10情态动词与虚拟语气2022英语备考纠错笔记纠错一情态动词基本用法的误用(1)【误】I wont thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away fromhome.【正】I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away fromhome.分析 固定句型cant/couldnT.to。.意为“再都不为过”。(2)Need I tell him everything that has happened to his f

2、ather?【误】一Yes,you need.【正】一Yes,you must.分析 must意为“必须”，强调责任或义务。(3)Must I work out the problem tonight?【误】一No,you mustn*t.【正】一No,you needn*t.分析 neednt意为“不必”，而 mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，一定不要，不允许”。纠错二情态动词表示“推测”语气的误用【误】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She must have been ill,I guess.【正】I didnt see Mary at

3、 the meeting yesterday.She might have been ill,I guess.分析 考查情态动词表示推测语气的运用。根据“I guess”可知，这是一种不太有把握的推测，而且又是肯定句，因 此 must改 为 might。must表示推测意义时一，语气较强，较肯定；can/could表示推测多用于否定或疑问句中。注意 造成以上错误主要是因为对情态动词的基本用法和含义掌握不够准确，应加强对其学习，并要格外留意特殊的情态动词的用法，还要注意避免中式思维。纠 错 三”情态动词+have done”表示“虚拟”语气的误用【误】The plant is dead.Mayb

4、e I should give it more water.【正】The plant is dead.Maybe I should have given it more water.分析 根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责，故用should have done表示“本应该做而未做”。纠错四虚拟语气的误用(1)【误】Sorry,I am too busy now.If I have time,I would certainly go for an outing withyou.【正】Sorry,I am too busy now.If I had time,I would certai

5、nly go for an outing with you.分析 分析语境可知，从句是对现在情况的假设，应用虚拟语气，故谓语动词用过去式。(2)【误】Id rather I have a room of my own,however small it is.【正】Fd rather I had a room of my own,however small it is.分析 would rather后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此句是对现在情况的假设，故谓语动词用过去式。(3)【误】Its time(that)they go home.【正】It*s time(that)the

6、y went home.iE Its time(that)they should go home.分析 a its tim e.句型中，that从句谓语动词应用过去式或用“should+动词原形”(其中 should不能省略)表虚拟。(4)【误】Without your help,we didnt make so much progress.【正】Without your help,we wouldnt have made so much progress.分析 此为含蓄条件句，根据题意可知，表达的是对“过去”的虚拟，因此主句谓语动词应用wouldnt have done的形式。(5)【误】I

7、f his television set had not been stolen yesterday,he would have watched TV now.【正】If his television set had not been stolen yesterday,he would watch TV now.分析 此为错综时间条件句，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在情况的假设，需区别对待。注意 造成以上错误的原因在于对虚拟语气理解不透彻，要学好虚拟语气除要牢固把握 i f 引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟语气外，还要掌握虚拟语气的特殊情况。应加强对考点的学习，此外建议每种情况挑选一个例句去

8、加以背诵，这样在碰到问题时便会迎刃而解。二.真题演练1.(2018.江苏)Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型嗔isimportant necessary/strange ipossblenatural that.中，其中由 ihal 引导的主语从句通常“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B.2.(201

9、8.江苏)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I a second chanceto become more involved.A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查Wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。3.（2018.天津）1 cant find my purse.I it in the supermarket yester

10、day,but Im not sure.A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知.是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+havedone，再根据后句but Im not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词 could，表 示 可能。故选D。4.（2018.天津）If w e the flight yesterday,we would be enjo

11、ying our holiday on thebeachA.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had+v-ed。故选A。5.（2018.北京）In todays information age,the loss of data cause serious problems fora company.A.need B.should C.can D.must【答案】C【解析】考查

12、情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一-个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词 can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。6.（2018.北京）They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更

13、好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if_a few morekilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。7.（2019.江方：）What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we a good time together.A.had B.will have C.would have had D.had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文

14、，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：W+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+shoukl（would,could,might）+现在完成时+其他，故选C。8.（2019.天 津.T14）The workers were not better organized,otherwise they thetask in half the time.A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplish D.would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他

15、们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句ihe workers were nolbeuer organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should（would,could,might）+现在完成时+其他，故选 D。9.（2020.江苏）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers,I where I am.A.wont be B.wouldnt have been C.wouldnt be D.shouldnt have been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如

16、果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where 1am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/coukl/mighl/should+do。故选C。10.（2020.天津）Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A.must 必须；B.can 能，可以；C.need 需要；D.should 应该。根据后面的as long as we leaveit clean and tidy”可知，Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们“能，可以“待在他的房子里。故选Bo